scholarly journals Influence of microgravity on astronauts' sympathetic and vagal responses to Valsalva's manoeuvre

2002 ◽  
Vol 538 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Cox ◽  
Kari U.O. Tahvanainen ◽  
Tom A. Kuusela ◽  
Benjamin D. Levine ◽  
William H. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre

Circulatory Reflexes in Cerebral Ischaemia Involving Different Vascular Territories

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attacks ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre ◽  
Circulatory Reflexes

1. Circulatory reflex function was assessed in a series of subjects with chronic ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and compared with a group of subjects with no known cerebrovascular disease by intra-arterial pressure responses to Valsalva's manoeuvre. 2. Circulatory reflexes were impaired in the patients with cerebrovascular disease as compared with controls, but statistical analysis indicated that age was a more important factor than chronic cerebrovascular disease in producing the deterioration. 3. No significant difference was found in the circulatory reflex function of subjects with ischaemia in the internal carotid territory when compared with those having ischaemia in the vertebrobasilar territory. 4. Combined ischaemia in both carotid and vertebrobasilar territories significantly impaired the cardioaccelerator but not the vasoconstrictor response to Valsalva's manoeuvre. 5. No significant difference was found in circulatory reflex function in subjects who had suffered cerebral infarction as opposed to transient ischaemic attacks.

Thyroplasty for functional rehabilitation of the incompetent larynx

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1172-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
N. A. Gad El-Hak ◽  
P. N. Carding
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Wound Sepsis ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre ◽  
Objective Improvement ◽  
Type I Thyroplasty

AbstractType I thyroplasty was performed in 12 patients with unilateral paralysis of the vocal fold. Subjective as well as objective improvement in vocal performance was reported in 11 patients. Aspiration was improved in six out of eight patients. Effort closure was evaluated by the ability of the patient to voluntarily raise his intra-abdominal pressure during Valsalva's manoeuvre. A comparison of pre- and post-thyroplasty measures, showed a statistically significant improvement in the efficacy of effort glottic closure (p < 0.05), indicating a better physical performance. We had one case of wound sepsis and another case of implant extrusion.

Pneumocephalus – an unreported risk of Valsalva's manoeuvre following cochlear implantation

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gillett ◽  
J Almeyda ◽  
D Whinney ◽  
L Savy ◽  
JM Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre

Sympathetic Responses to Valsalva's Manoeuvre Following Bed Rest

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Cynthia S. Hogeman ◽  
Lawrence I. Sinoway
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre

The purpose of this study was to examine whether 14 days of head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) alters autonomic regulation during Valsalva's manoeuvre (VM) and if this would predict blood pressure control during a 60° head-up tilt (HUT) test. To examine autonomic control of blood pressure, we measured the changes in systolic (ΔSBP) and diastolic (ΔDBP) blood pressure between baseline and the early straining (Phase IIE) period of VM (20 sec straining to 40 mmHg; N = 7) in conjunction with changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) burst frequency (B/min) and total activity (%Δ) from baseline over the 20-sec straining period. MSNA data were successfully recorded from 6 of the 7 individuals. The averaged responses from three repeated VMs performed in the supine position were compared between the pre- and post-HDBR tests. Compared with the pre-HDBR test, a greater reduction in SBP, DBP, and MAP was observed during Phase IIE following HDBR, p < 0.05. The increase in MSNA burst frequency during straining was augmented in the post- compared with the pre-HDBR test, p < 0.0001, as was the Phase IV blood pressure overshoot, p < 0.05. Although all subjects completed the 20-min pre-HDBR tilt test without evidence of hypotension or orthostatic intolerance, the post-HDBR test was stopped early in 5 of the 7 subjects due to systolic hypotension. The responses during the VM suggest that acute autonomic adjustments to rapid blood pressure changes are preserved after bed rest. Furthermore, MSNA and blood pressure responses during VM did not predict blood pressure control during orthostasis following HDBR. Key words: muscle sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, orthostatic tolerance, head-up tilt

Assessment of beat to beat changes in cardiac output during the Valsalva manoeuvre using electrical bioimpedance cardiography

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Smith ◽  
Mahmood M. Salih ◽  
William A. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bioimpedance Cardiography ◽  
Cardiac Stroke Volume

1. Beat to beat changes in cardiac output during standardized Valsalva's manoeuvres were recorded using electrical bioimpedance cardiography in 13 normal subjects. 2. Cardiac output increased by 12 ± 5% after 1 s of straining solely because of an increase in heart rate. Subsequently, cardiac stroke volume and cardiac output fell during the strain to lows of − 40 ± 6% and − 21 ± 3% respectively at 15 s. 3. There was a sustained increased in cardiac output (maximum + 17 ± 4%) in the late post strain period. 4. The mean coefficient of variation in impedance measurements of cardiac output was 6.8% during all parts of Valsalva's manoeuvre, with no single value exceeding 10%.

Fluctuating hearing loss in presbyacusis

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
F. W. Martin ◽  
R. W. Ruckley
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Subjective Improvement ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre ◽  
Fluctuating Hearing Loss ◽  
Air Conduction

AbstractThirty-six patients with bilateral symmetrical presbyacusis who reported a temporary improvement in the hearing of one ear following a Valsalva's manoeuvre were further investigated. Bone conduction and air conduction thresholds, middle ear pressure and middle ear compliance were measured before and after Valsalva's manoeuvre in the ears which had a subjective improvement in hearing following auto-inflation. Bone conduction thresholds remained unaltered in 66 per cent of ears while average air conduction thresholds varied by less than 5 decibels. Middle ear pressure was unchanged in over half the ears tested and in 81 per cent of the ears there was no change in middle ear compliance. There appears to be no simple explanation for the temporary subjective fluctuation in hearing reported by patients with presbyacusis.

Cardiovascular Reflexes in Parkinsonism

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Reid ◽  
D. B. Calne ◽  
C. F. George ◽  
C. Pallis ◽  
S. D. Vakil
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Valsalva's Manoeuvre

1. Cardiovascular reflex activity has been studied in thirty Parkinsonian patients, none of who had received levodopa or sympatholytic drugs. 2. Changes in blood pressure and pulse rate in response to Valsalva's manoeuvre and head-up tilt were investigated by intra-arterial recording. 3. Cardiovascular reflex function deteriorated with advancing age, but there was no correlation with either the duration or the severity of the Parkinsonism. 4. These results are discussed in relation to previous reports of hypotension in Parkinsonism.

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