scholarly journals Human perceptual learning in identifying the oblique orientation: retinotopy, orientation specificity and monocularity.

1995 ◽  
Vol 483 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Schoups ◽  
R Vogels ◽  
G A Orban
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Oblique Orientation ◽  
Orientation Specificity

scholarly journals Feature-based attention enables robust, long-lasting location transfer in human perceptual learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Chin Hung ◽  
Marisa Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Learning Transfer ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Orientation Specificity ◽  
Do So ◽  
Training Protocols

AbstractVisual perceptual learning (VPL) is typically specific to the trained location and feature. However, the degree of specificity depends upon particular training protocols. Manipulating covert spatial attention during training facilitates learning transfer to other locations. Here we investigated whether feature-based attention (FBA), which enhances the representation of particular features throughout the visual field, facilitates VPL transfer, and how long such an effect would last. To do so, we implemented a novel task in which observers discriminated a stimulus orientation relative to two reference angles presented simultaneously before each block. We found that training with FBA enabled remarkable location transfer, reminiscent of its global effect across the visual field, but preserved orientation specificity in VPL. Critically, both the perceptual improvement and location transfer persisted after 1 year. Our results reveal robust, long-lasting benefits induced by FBA in VPL, and have translational implications for improving generalization of training protocols in visual rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Decoupling Orientation Specificity from Perceptual Learning in Amblyopic Vision

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/if648 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 648-648
Author(s):  
Cong Yu ◽  
Jun-Yun Zhang ◽  
Lin-Juan Cong ◽  
Stanley A Klein ◽  
Dennis M Levi
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Orientation Specificity

scholarly journals Decoupling orientation specificity from perceptual learning in amblyopic vision

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 286-286
Author(s):  
J.-Y. Zhang ◽  
L.-J. Cong ◽  
S. Klein ◽  
D. Levi ◽  
C. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Orientation Specificity

Orientation-Specific Learning in Stereopsis

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
V S Ramachandran ◽  
O Braddick
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Oblique Line ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Oblique Orientation ◽  
Perception Time ◽  
Line Elements ◽  
Specific Learning

Inexperienced observers show a delay before experiencing the stereoscopic percept from a random-dot stereo pair. This perception time is progressively reduced with repeated exposures of the stereogram. We have investigated the specificity of this perceptual learning effect, using stereograms made up of short oblique line elements. Learning with a stereogram consisting of 45° line elements transferred completely to an uncorrelated pattern with the same element orientation, but there was a marked failure of transfer to a pattern whose elements had the opposed oblique orientation. Thus the stereoscopic skill that has been acquired may be specific to those orientation analysers that were stimulated during the training period.

scholarly journals Physiological Correlates of Perceptual Learning in Monkey V1 and V2

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1867-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Ghose ◽  
Tianming Yang ◽  
John H. R. Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Visual Neurons ◽  
Receptive Field Properties ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Orientation Specificity ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

Performance in visual discrimination tasks improves with practice. Although the psychophysical parameters of these improvements have suggested the involvement of early areas in visual cortex, there has been little direct study of the physiological correlates of such perceptual learning at the level of individual neurons. To examine how neuronal response properties in the early visual system may change with practice, we trained monkeys for more than 6 mo in an orientation discrimination task in which behaviorally relevant stimuli were restricted to a particular retinal location and oriented around a specific orientation. During training the monkeys' discrimination thresholds gradually improved to much better than those of naive monkeys or humans. Although this improvement was specific to the trained orientation, it showed little retinotopic specificity. The receptive field properties of single neurons from regions representing the trained location and a location in the opposite visual hemifield were measured in V1 and V2. In most respects the receptive field properties in the representations of the trained and untrained regions were indistinguishable. However, in the regions of V1 and V2 representing the trained location, there were slightly fewer neurons whose optimal orientation was near the trained orientation. This resulted in a small but significant decrease in the V1 population response to the trained orientation at the trained location. Consequently, the observed neuronal populations did not exhibit any orientation-specific biases sufficient to explain the orientation specificity of the behavioral improvement. Pooling models suggest that the behavioral improvement was accomplished with a task-dependent and orientation-selective pooling of unaltered signals from early visual neurons. These data suggest that, even for training with stimuli suited to the selectivities found in early areas of visual cortex, behavioral improvements can occur in the absence of pronounced changes in the physiology of those areas.

scholarly journals Feature-based attention enables robust, long-lasting location transfer in human perceptual learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Chin Hung ◽  
Marisa Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Orientation Specificity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Do So ◽  
Training Protocols

AbstractVisual perceptual learning (VPL) is typically specific to the trained location and feature. However, the degree of specificity depends upon particular training protocols. Manipulating covert spatial attention during training facilitates learning transfer to other locations. Here we investigated whether feature-based attention (FBA), which enhances the representation of particular features throughout the visual field, facilitates VPL transfer, and how long such an effect would last. To do so, we implemented a novel task in which observers discriminated a stimulus orientation relative to two reference angles presented simultaneously before each block. We found that training with FBA enabled remarkable location transfer, reminiscent of its global effect across the visual field, but preserved orientation specificity in VPL. Critically, both the perceptual improvement and location transfer persisted after one year. Our results reveal robust, long-lasting benefits induced by FBA in VPL, and have translational implications for improving generalization of training protocols in visual rehabilitation.

Perceptual Learning of Vocoded Speech With and Without Contralateral Hearing: Implications for Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Martin Chavant ◽  
Alexis Hervais-Adelman ◽  
Olivier Macherey
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Vocoded Speech

Purpose An increasing number of individuals with residual or even normal contralateral hearing are being considered for cochlear implantation. It remains unknown whether the presence of contralateral hearing is beneficial or detrimental to their perceptual learning of cochlear implant (CI)–processed speech. The aim of this experiment was to provide a first insight into this question using acoustic simulations of CI processing. Method Sixty normal-hearing listeners took part in an auditory perceptual learning experiment. Each subject was randomly assigned to one of three groups of 20 referred to as NORMAL, LOWPASS, and NOTHING. The experiment consisted of two test phases separated by a training phase. In the test phases, all subjects were tested on recognition of monosyllabic words passed through a six-channel “PSHC” vocoder presented to a single ear. In the training phase, which consisted of listening to a 25-min audio book, all subjects were also presented with the same vocoded speech in one ear but the signal they received in their other ear differed across groups. The NORMAL group was presented with the unprocessed speech signal, the LOWPASS group with a low-pass filtered version of the speech signal, and the NOTHING group with no sound at all. Results The improvement in speech scores following training was significantly smaller for the NORMAL than for the LOWPASS and NOTHING groups. Conclusions This study suggests that the presentation of normal speech in the contralateral ear reduces or slows down perceptual learning of vocoded speech but that an unintelligible low-pass filtered contralateral signal does not have this effect. Potential implications for the rehabilitation of CI patients with partial or full contralateral hearing are discussed.

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