scholarly journals Morphological and electrophysiological determination of the projections of jaw-elevator muscle spindle afferents in rats.

1985 ◽  
Vol 369 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Appenteng ◽  
R Donga ◽  
R G Williams
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Muscle Spindle Afferents ◽  
Electrophysiological Determination

scholarly journals Characterization of Muscle Spindle Afferents in the Adult Mouse Using an In Vitro Muscle-Nerve Preparation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e39140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Wilkinson ◽  
Heidi E. Kloefkorn ◽  
Shawn Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Muscle Spindle Afferents ◽  
Muscle Nerve

The Encoding of the Receptor Potential into Impulse Patterns of Muscle Spindle Afferents of Cats

Motor Control ◽  
1973 ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.-J. Grüsser ◽  
Heidemarie Hohne-Zahn ◽  
Samia A. Jahn ◽  
K. Pellnitz
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Muscle Spindle Afferents

scholarly journals Contribution of muscle spindle afferents to control of masticatory pressure

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Tadashi Nagashima ◽  
Takashi Nokubi ◽  
Takashi Morimitsu ◽  
Minoru Yoshida ◽  
Akio Ikehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Muscle Spindle Afferents

Activity patterns in individual hindlimb primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents during normal movements in unrestrained cats

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Loeb ◽  
J. Duysens
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Muscle Spindle Afferents ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Rapid Modulation

1. Chronically implanted microelectrode wires in the L7 and S1 dorsal root ganglia were used to record unit activity from cat hindlimb primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents. Units could be reliably recorded for several days, permitting comparison of their activity with homonymous muscle EMG and length during a variety of normal, unrestrained movements. 2. The general observation was that among both primary and secondary endings there was a broad range of different patterns of activity depending on the type of muscle involved and the type of movement performed. 3. During walking, the activity of a given spindle primary was usually consistent among similar step cycles. However, the activity was usually poorly correlated with absolute muscle length, apparently unrealted to velocity of muscle stretch, and could change markedly for similar movements performed under different conditions. 4. Spindle activity modulation not apparently related to muscle length changes was assumed to be influenced by fusimotor activity. In certain muscles, this presumption leads to the conclusion that gamma-motoneurons may be activated out of phase with homonymous alpha-motoneurons as well as by more conventional alpha-gamma-motoneuron coactivation. 5. Simultaneous recordings of two spindle primary afferents from extensor digitorum longus indicated that spindles within the same muscle may differ considerably with respect to this presumed gamma-motoneuron drive. 6. Spindle secondary endings appeared to be predominantly passive indicators of muscle length during walking, but could demonstrate apparently strong fusimotor modulation during other motor activities such as postural changes and paw shaking. 7. Both primary and secondary endings were observed to undergo very rapid modulation of firing rates in response to presumed reflexly induced intrafusal contractions. 8. It is suggested that the pattern of fusimotor control of spindles may be tailored to the specific muscle and task being performed, rather than necessarily dominated by rigid alpha-gamma coactivation.

scholarly journals Firing properties of muscle spindles supplying the intrinsic foot muscles of humans in unloaded and freestanding conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Knellwolf ◽  
A. R. Burton ◽  
E. Hammam ◽  
V. G. Macefield
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Medial Malleolus ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Muscle Spindle Afferents ◽  
Tungsten Microelectrode ◽  
Firing Properties ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

We recently developed an approach for recording from muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the foot in freestanding humans by inserting a tungsten microelectrode into the posterior tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus of the ankle. Here we characterize the behavior of muscle spindles in the small muscles of the foot in 1) seated subjects with the leg horizontal and the foot naturally plantarflexed and 2) standing subjects. In the first study, recordings were made from 26 muscle spindle afferents located within flexor digiti minimi brevis ( n = 4), abductor digiti minimi ( n = 3), quadratus plantae ( n = 3), plantar interossei ( n = 4), flexor digitorum brevis ( n = 3), dorsal interossei ( n = 2), and lumbricals ( n = 2), with one each supplying abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, and flexor hallucis brevis. The identity of another two muscle afferents was unknown. The majority of the units were silent at rest, only seven (27%) being spontaneously active. Because of the anatomic constraints of the foot, some spindles supplying muscles acting on the toes responded to movements of one or more digits. In the second study, 12 muscle spindle afferents were examined during standing. The ongoing discharge of eight spindle afferents covaried with changes in the center of pressure during postural sway. We conclude that the majority of spindle endings in the small muscles of the foot are silent at rest, which may allow them to encode changes in conformation of the foot when it is loaded during standing. Moreover, these muscle spindle afferents can provide useful proprioceptive information during standing and postural sway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have characterized the firing properties of muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the human foot for the first time. The majority of the spindle endings are silent in seated subjects, and most fire tonically during standing, their discharge covarying with center of pressure during postural sway. We conclude that spindle endings in the intrinsic muscles of the foot provide useful proprioceptive information during free standing.

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