scholarly journals Membrane properties of solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retina.

1981 ◽  
Vol 321 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tachibana
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Goldfish Retina

3H-adenosine uptake selectively labels rod horizontal cells in goldfish retina

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Studholme ◽  
Stephen Yazulla
Keyword(s):  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Adenosine Uptake ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Goldfish Retina

AbstractThere are four types of horizontal cell in the goldfish retina, three cone- and one rod-type. The neurotransmitter of only one type, the H1 (cone) horizontal cell, has been identified as GABA. 3H-adenosine uptake was examined as a possible marker for the other classes of horizontal cell. Isolated goldfish retinae were incubated in 3H-adenosine (10–40 μCi) in HEPES-buffered saline for 30 min, then fixed, embedded in plastic, and processed for light-microscopic autoradiography (ARG). For double-label immuno/ARG studies, l-μm-thick sections were processed for GABA postembed immunocytochemistry, then for ARG. 3H-adenosine uptake was localized to cone photoreceptors, presumed precursor cells in the proximal outer nuclear layer, and to a single, continuous row of horizontal cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer. No uptake was localized to the region of horizontal cell axon terminals. 3H-adenosine uptake did not colocalize with GABA-IR in H1 horizontal cells, but it did colocalize with adenosine deaminase immunoreactivity. It is concluded that 3H-adenosine uptake selectively labels rod horizontal cells in the goldfish retina based on position and staining pattern, which are similar to rod horizontal cells stained by Golgi or HRP injection methods. The use of 3H-adenosine uptake may provide a useful tool to study other properties of rod horizontal cells (i.e. development) as well as provide clues as to the transmitter used by these interneurons.

scholarly journals GABA receptors on horizontal cells in the goldfish retina

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (20) ◽  
pp. 2101-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Sook Paik ◽  
No-Gi Park ◽  
Sung-Jong Lee ◽  
Hye-Kyong Han ◽  
Chang-Sub Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Goldfish Retina

Spectral sensitivity of the feedback signal from horizontal cells to cones in goldfish retina

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. KRAAIJ ◽  
M. KAMERMANS ◽  
H. SPEKREIJSE
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Cell Recording ◽  
Cone System ◽  
Goldfish Retina ◽  
Uv Range

The spectral sensitivity of cones in isolated goldfish retina was determined with whole-cell recording techniques. Three spectral classes of cones were found with maximal sensitivities around 620 nm, 540 nm, and 460 nm. UV-cones were not found because our stimulator did not allow effective stimulation in the UV range. The spectral sensitivity of the cones closely matched the cone photopigment absorption spectra at the long wavelength side of the spectrum, but deviated significantly at shorter wavelengths. Surround stimulation induced an inward current in cones due to feedback from horizontal cells. The spectral sensitivity of this feedback signal was determined in all three cone classes and found to be broader than the spectral sensitivity of the cones recorded from, and to be spectrally nonopponent. These data are consistent with a connectivity scheme between cones and horizontal cells in which the three horizontal cell systems feed back to all cone systems and in which all horizontal cell systems receive input from more than one cone system.

Proton feedback mediates the cascade of color-opponent signals onto H3 horizontal cells in goldfish retina

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton L. Kamiji ◽  
Kazunori Yamamoto ◽  
Hajime Hirasawa ◽  
Masahiro Yamada ◽  
Shiro Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Goldfish Retina

The axon terminal of goldfish retinal horizontal cells: a low membrane conductance measured in solitary preparations and its implication to the signal conduction from the soma

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yagi ◽  
A. Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Current ◽  
Axon Terminal ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Potassium Currents ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Axon Terminals

1. Mechanical dissociation of the enzyme-treated goldfish retina yielded somata and axon terminals of horizontal cells. The membrane properties of these solitary axon terminals were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. 2. Axon terminals had a large input resistance, comparable to the seal resistance (approximately 30 G omega). Most axon terminals (greater than 80%) showed a nearly linear current-voltage relation between -60 and +10 mV, where the slope conductance was as small as 5 muS/cm2. Some axon terminals showed a shallow negative slope conductance in the same potential range. 3. The membrane current consisted of two components: transient and sustained. The transient component was carried by sodium ions, and the sustained component was a mixture of calcium and potassium currents. The sodium current (INa) was activated by depolarization of beyond -45 mV and was maximal (approximately 60 pA) at -10 mV. It was blocked by 5 microM tetrodotoxin and disappeared in Na+-free medium. The maximum amplitude of INa was less than 10% of INa of the soma. 4. A small calcium current (less than 6 pA) was isolated in a small proportion of cells, with an amplitude approximately 5% of the calcium current evoked in the soma under the identical recording conditions. 5. A small amount of potassium current through the anomalous rectifier was induced in the axon terminal when the membrane potential was below -60 mV. Its conductance was 15-20 muS/cm2, only 1/20 of the estimate in the soma. Other types of potassium currents were not detected. 6. It is concluded that the soma and the axon terminal have a similar set of membrane currents, but the specific membrane conductance of the axon terminal is extremely low. The signal conductivity from soma to axon terminal was assessed using a passive cable model together with numerical values obtained from the present experiments. Although the membrane conductance of the connecting axon was not measurable directly, the calculation strongly suggests that low conductance of the axon terminal membrane minimizes the leakage of signals arriving electrotonically through the thin connecting axon, even if the membrane conductance of the axon was overestimated as being identical to the soma membrane. 7. These results can explain why light-evoked responses recorded from the axon terminal are similar in amplitude as well as in waveform to those recorded from the soma, despite the lack of direct inputs from photoreceptors.

Voltage-dependent ionic currents in solitary horizontal cells isolated from cat retina

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ueda ◽  
A. Kaneko ◽  
M. Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Current ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Potassium Currents ◽  
Ionic Currents ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Delayed Rectifier ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Voltage Dependent

1. Horizontal cells of the cat retina were isolated by enzymatic dissociation. Two types of horizontal cells were identified: the axonless (A-type) horizontal cell having four to six thick, long (approximately 100 microns) dendrites, and the short-axon (B-type) horizontal cell having many (> 5) fine, short (approximately 30 microns) dendrites. 2. Membrane properties of isolated horizontal cells were analyzed under current-clamp and voltage-clamp conditions. In the A-type cell, the average resting potential was -55 mV and the mean membrane capacitance was 110 pF, whereas values in the B-type cell were -58 mV and 40 pF, respectively. The A-type cell showed long-lasting Ca spikes, but B-type cells had no Ca spikes. 3. Five types of voltage-dependent ionic currents were recorded: a sodium current (INa), a calcium current (ICa), and three types of potassium currents. Potassium currents consisted of potassium current through the inward rectifier (Ianomal), transient outward potassium current (IA), and potassium current through the delayed rectifier (IK(v)). INa was recorded only from A-type cells. Other currents were recorded from both types of cells. 4. INa activated when cells were depolarized from a holding potential (Vh) of -95 mV, and it was maximal at -25 mV. This current was blocked by tetrodotoxin. Approximately half of the A-type cells had INa, but no B-type cell had this current. 5. L-type ICa, an inward-going sustained current, was activated with depolarization more positive than -25 mV. Current amplitude reached a maximal value near 15 mV and became smaller with further depolarization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Static and Dynamic Membrane Properties of Large-Terminal Bipolar Cells From Goldfish Retina: Experimental Test of a Compartment Model

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Mennerick ◽  
David Zenisek ◽  
Gary Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Synaptic Terminal ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Dynamic Membrane ◽  
Capacitance Measurements ◽  
Goldfish Retina

Mennerick, Steven, David Zenisek, and Gary Matthews. Static and dynamic membrane properties of large-terminal bipolar cells from goldfish retina: experimental test of a compartment model. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 51–62, 1997. Capacitance measurements allow direct studies of exocytosis and endocytosis in single synaptic terminals isolated from bipolar neurons of goldfish retina. Extending the technique to intact bipolar cells, with their more complex morphology, requires information about the cells' electrotonic architecture. To this end, we developed a compartment model of bipolar neurons isolated from goldfish retina and tested the model experimentally. The isolated cells retained morphology similar to that of bipolar neurons in intact goldfish retina. In whole cell recordings, current relaxations in response to 10-mV hyperpolarizing voltage pulses decayed with a biexponential time course. This suggests that the cells may be described by a two-compartment equivalent circuit with compartments corresponding to the soma/dendrites (6–10 pF) and synaptic terminal (2–4 pF), linked by the axial resistance (30–60 MΩ) of the axon. Four lines of evidence validate the equivalent circuit. 1) Similar estimates of somatic/dendritic and terminal capacitance were obtained whether the patch pipette was attached to the soma or to the synaptic terminal. 2) Estimates of the capacitance of the two compartments in intact cells were similar to estimates from somata and terminals that were isolated by cleavage of the connecting axon. 3) When current transients were generated from a more complete computer simulation of a bipolar neuron, analysis of the simulated transients with the use of the simple two-compartment model yielded capacitance estimates similar to those used to set up the simulation. 4) In isolated cells, the model gave estimates of depolarization-evoked increases in capacitance of the synaptic terminal that were quantitatively similar to those measured in terminals that were detached from the rest of the cell. Although in previous studies researchers have attempted to apply a similar equivalent circuit to more geometrically complex cells, morphological correlates of the equivalent-circuit compartments have been elusive. Our results demonstrate that in dissociated bipolar cells, precise morphological correlates can be assigned to the equivalent-circuit compartments. Additionally, the work shows that time-resolved capacitance measurements of synaptic transmitter release are possible in intact, isolated bipolar neurons and may also be feasible in intact tissue.

Accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid by horizontal cells isolated from the goldfish retina

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2027-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Ayoub ◽  
Dominic Man-Kit Lam
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Goldfish Retina
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