scholarly journals Role of joint afferents in motor control exemplified by effects on reflex pathways from Ib afferents.

1978 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lundberg ◽  
K Malmgren ◽  
E D Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Joint Afferents ◽  
Reflex Pathways

Units of Action in Motor Control: Role of Response Complexity and target Speed

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Schneider ◽  
Richard A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Target Speed

The Role of Specific Motor Control Exercises

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-99
Author(s):  
Dianne E. Andreotti ◽  
Sean G. T. Gibbons ◽  
Francesco Cantarelli
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control

Role of the medullary lateral tegmental field in reflex-mediated sympathoexcitation in cats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. R451-R464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan S. Orer ◽  
Gerard L. Gebber ◽  
Shaun W. Phillips ◽  
Susan M. Barman
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

We tested the hypothesis that blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors on medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF) neurons would reduce the sympathoexcitatory responses elicited by electrical stimulation of vagal, trigeminal, and sciatic afferents, posterior hypothalamus, and midbrain periaqueductal gray as well as by activation of arterial chemoreceptors with intravenous NaCN. Bilateral microinjection of a non-NMDA receptor antagonist into LTF of urethane-anesthetized cats significantly decreased vagal afferent-evoked excitatory responses in inferior cardiac and vertebral nerves to 29 ± 8 and 24 ± 6% of control ( n = 7), respectively. Likewise, blockade of non-NMDA receptors significantly reduced chemoreceptor reflex-induced increases in inferior cardiac (from 210 ± 22 to 129 ± 13% of control; n = 4) and vertebral nerves (from 253 ± 41 to 154 ± 20% of control; n = 7) and mean arterial pressure (from 39 ± 7 to 21 ± 5 mmHg; n = 8). Microinjection of muscimol, but not an NMDA receptor antagonist, caused similar attenuation of these excitatory responses. Sympathoexcitatory responses to the other stimuli were not attenuated by microinjection of a non-NMDA receptor antagonist or muscimol into LTF. In fact, excitatory responses elicited by stimulation of trigeminal, and in some cases sciatic, afferents were enhanced. These data reveal two new roles for the LTF in control of sympathetic nerve activity in cats. One, LTF neurons are involved in mediating sympathoexcitation elicited by activation of vagal afferents and arterial chemoreceptors, primarily via activation of non-NMDA receptors. Two, non-NMDA receptor-mediated activation of other LTF neurons tonically suppresses transmission in trigeminal-sympathetic and sciatic-sympathetic reflex pathways.

Changes in Transmission in Some Reflex Pathways During Movement in Humans

Physiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
E Fournier ◽  
P-D Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Spinal Pathways ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Spinal Circuitry ◽  
Human Experiments

The gain of the monosynaptic stretch rerflex is controlled by many spinal pathways. Only human experiments allow the exploration of changes in transmission in these pathways during voluntary movement. Unexpected results have been obtained, which have led to new conceptions concerning the functional role of the spinal circuitry.

From Movement to Action

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Self Motion

Tracts descending from motor control centers in the brainstem and cortex target motor interneurons and in select cases motoneurons. The mechanisms and constraints of postural control are elaborated and the effect of body mass on posture discussed. Feed-forward reflexes that maintain posture during standing and other conditions of self-motion are described. The role of descending tracts in postural control and the pathological posturing is described. Pyramidal (corticospinal and corticobulbar) and extrapyramidal control of body and face movements is contrasted. Special emphasis is placed on cortical regions and tracts involved in deliberate control of facial expression; these pathways are contrasted with mechanisms for generating emotional facial expressions. The signs associated with lesions of either motoneurons or motor control centers are clearly detailed. The mechanisms and presentation of cerebral palsy are described. Finally, understanding how pre-motor cortical regions generate actions is used to introduce apraxia, a disorder of action.

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