scholarly journals Water response of the frog olfactory epithelium as observed from the olfactory bulb.

1978 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Arito ◽  
M Iino ◽  
S F Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Water Response

scholarly journals Extinction reverses olfactory fear-conditioned increases in neuron number and glomerular size

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (41) ◽  
pp. 12846-12851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomene G. Morrison ◽  
Brian G. Dias ◽  
Kerry J. Ressler
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Odor Stimulus ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odor Learning

Although much work has investigated the contribution of brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex to the processing of fear learning and memory, fewer studies have examined the role of sensory systems, in particular the olfactory system, in the detection and perception of cues involved in learning and memory. The primary sensory receptive field maps of the olfactory system are exquisitely organized and respond dynamically to cues in the environment, remaining plastic from development through adulthood. We have previously demonstrated that olfactory fear conditioning leads to increased odorant-specific receptor representation in the main olfactory epithelium and in glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. We now demonstrate that olfactory extinction training specific to the conditioned odor stimulus reverses the conditioning-associated freezing behavior and odor learning-induced structural changes in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb in an odorant ligand-specific manner. These data suggest that learning-induced freezing behavior, structural alterations, and enhanced neural sensory representation can be reversed in adult mice following extinction training.

BDNF expression in olfactory bulb and epithelium during regeneration of olfactory epithelium

2012 ◽  
Vol 516 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuhiro Uranagase ◽  
Sayaka Katsunuma ◽  
Kiyoshi Doi ◽  
Ken-Ichi Nibu
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Bdnf Expression

Subchronic inhalation exposure to 2-ethyl-1-hexanol impairs the mouse olfactory bulb via injury and subsequent repair of the nasal olfactory epithelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1949-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mio Miyake ◽  
Yuki Ito ◽  
Masato Sawada ◽  
Kiyoshi Sakai ◽  
Himiko Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Inhalation Exposure

scholarly journals Sniff Olfactometry: Temporal effects on odorant mixture perception in humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaifeng Ding ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wang ◽  
Dmitry Rinberg ◽  
Terry Acree
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Recognition Probability ◽  
Human Odor

There is evidence in mice and honeybees that signals initiated by odorants at the olfactory epithelium arrive downstream in the olfactory bulb between 10 and 200ms later and that these latencies are ligand dependent. It has recently been proposed that these latencies could be used by mice to identify or classify. Here we demonstrate that humans are sensitive to the timing of individual of odorant presentation. Using a two-alternate forced choice (2AFC) paradigm—subjects chose which odorant they recognized first after they experienced two 70ms puffs separated in time by some interval in the range of -450ms to +450ms. All subject recognition probabilities yielded the same linear function of latency (p<0.05) even though they differed in their recognition thresholds for the components and their recognition probability to detect them in binary mixtures. These results indicate that temporal structure of odor delivery affects human odor perception and sniff olfactometry (SO) has the temporal resolution necessary to measure these effects. <div><br></div>

scholarly journals Responses of the Rat Olfactory Epithelium to Retronasal Air Flow

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1941-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Scott ◽  
Humberto P. Acevedo ◽  
Lisa Sherrill ◽  
Maggie Phan
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Stimulus Concentration ◽  
Stimulus Modes

Responses of the rat olfactory epithelium were assessed with the electroolfactogram while odorants were presented to the external nares with an artificial sniff or to the internal nares by positive pressure. A series of seven odorants that varied from very polar, hydrophilic odorants to very nonpolar, hydrophobic odorants were used. Although the polar odorants activated the dorsal olfactory epithelium when presented by the external nares (orthonasal presentation), they were not effective when forced through the nasal cavity from the internal nares (retronasal presentation). However, the nonpolar odorants were effective in both stimulus modes. These results were independent of stimulus concentration or of humidity of the carrier air. Similar results were obtained with multiunit recordings from olfactory bulb. These results help to explain why human investigations often report differences in the sensation or ability to discriminate odorants presented orthonasally versus retronasally. The results also strongly support the importance of odorant sorption in normal olfactory processes.

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