scholarly journals Surround contribution to light adaptation in cat retinal ganglion cells.

1975 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Enroth-Cugell ◽  
P Lennie ◽  
R M Shapley
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

scholarly journals Gap Junctions Contribute to Differential Light Adaptation across Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells

Neuron ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-228.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yao ◽  
Jon Cafaro ◽  
Amanda J. McLaughlin ◽  
Friso R. Postma ◽  
David L. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

Light adaptation in the primate retina: Analysis of changes in gain and dynamics of monkey retinal ganglion cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Purpura ◽  
Daniel Tranchina ◽  
Ehud Kaplan ◽  
Robert M. Shapley
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Feedback Model ◽  
Light Levels

AbstractThe responses of monkey retinal ganglion cells to sinusoidal stimuli of various temporal frequencies were measured and analyzed at a number of mean light levels. Temporal modulation tuning functions (TMTFs) were measured at each mean level by varying the drift rate of a sine-wave grating of fixed spatial frequency and contrast. The changes seen in ganglion cell temporal responses with changes in adaptation state were similar to those observed in human subjects and in turtle horizontal cells and cones tested with sinusoidally flickering stimuli; “Weber's Law” behavior was seen at low temporal frequencies but not at higher temporal frequencies. Temporal responses were analyzed in two ways: (1) at each light level, the TMTFs were fit by a model consisting of a cascade of low- and high-pass filters; (2) the family of TMTFs collected over a range of light levels for a given cell was fit by a linear negative feedback model in which the gain of the feedback was proportional to the mean light level. Analysis (1) revealed that the temporal responses of one class of monkey ganglion cells (M cells) were more phasic at both photopic and mesopic light levels than the responses of P ganglion cells. In analysis (2), the linear negative feedback model accounted reasonably well for changes in gain and dynamics seen in three P cells and one M cell. From the feedback model, it was possible to estimate the light level at which the dark-adapted gain of the cone pathways in the primate retina fell by a factor of two. This value was two to three orders of magnitude lower than the value estimated from recordings of isolated monkey cones. Thus, while a model which includes a single stage of negative feedback can account for the changes in gain and dynamics associated with light adaptation in the photopic and mesopic ranges of vision, the underlying physical mechanisms are unknown and may involve elements in the primate retina other than the cone.

Electrophysiology of retinal ganglion cells in the mouse: a study of a normally pigmented mouse and a congenic hypopigmentation mutant, pearl

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 968-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Balkema ◽  
L. H. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Criterion Response

1. The organization of the receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells in te normal mouse was studied qualitatively in recordings from 43 single axons in the optic nerve and optic tract, and the light sensitivity was studied quantitatively in 26 of these cells by measuring incremental sensitivity. 2. The receptive fields of normal animals were elliptical, had concentric center and peripheral subdivisions, and had an antagonistic center/surround organization; the receptive-field centers ranged from 1.95 to 83 degrees in diameter, with a median of 7 degrees. 3. The incremental sensitivity to white light was measured using a criterion response of 10 extra spikes; the most sensitive dark-adapted cell required a stimulus luminance of 3.5 x 10(-3) cd/m2 to generate a criterion response. 4. The action spectrum measured at seven different wavelengths (433-619 nm) from ganglion cells in the normally pigmented mouse resembled the CIE (International Commission on Illumination, CIE 1957 (11)) relative scotopic luminous efficiency function (41) and is consistent with a curve having a peak around 500 nm. 5. On light adaptation with blue light (less than 460 nm), the sensitivity to longer wavelength stimuli increased by 0.2-0.5 log units relative to the sensitivity to the shorter wavelengths; these results are compatible with the presence of a photoreceptor sensitive to long wavelengths in the normally pigmented mouse (C57BL/6J+/+). 6. The organization of the receptive fields of 48 retinal ganglion cells from the hypopigmentation mutant pearl (C57BL/6J-pe) was also studied qualitatively; the receptive field organization was similar to that of the normally pigmented mouse. 7. In 25 cells from dark-adapted pearl mice, the incremental sensitivity to white light was, on the average, 1.6 log units less than that for normal mice. 8. The dark-adapted action spectrum of pearl mice was similar to that of normally pigmented mice. However, a shift in sensitivity to longer wavelengths did not occur on selective light adaptation with the most luminous blue light (less than 460 nm) background that we could produce. 9. We conclude that pearl is one of the mammalian genes that codes for functions that affect dark-adapted retinal sensitivity. The results of this study and past studies suggest that the pearl gene's action on light sensitivity is predominantly within the retina and before (distal to) the ganglion cells.

Can We See with Melanopsin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lucas ◽  
Annette E. Allen ◽  
Nina Milosavljevic ◽  
Riccardo Storchi ◽  
Tom Woelders
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Circuit Performance ◽  
Form Vision ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Pupil Constriction

A small fraction of mammalian retinal ganglion cells are directly photoreceptive thanks to their expression of the photopigment melanopsin. These intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have well-established roles in a variety of reflex responses to changes in ambient light intensity, including circadian photoentrainment. In this article, we review the growing evidence, obtained primarily from laboratory mice and humans, that the ability to sense light via melanopsin is also an important component of perceptual and form vision. Melanopsin photoreception has low temporal resolution, making it fundamentally biased toward detecting changes in ambient light and coarse patterns rather than fine details. Nevertheless, melanopsin can indirectly impact high-acuity vision by driving aspects of light adaptation ranging from pupil constriction to changes in visual circuit performance. Melanopsin also contributes directly to perceptions of brightness, and recent data suggest that this influences the appearance not only of overall scene brightness, but also of low-frequency patterns.

Calcium Signals Induced By Tonic Firing In Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyril I. Kuznetsov ◽  
Vitaliy Yu. Maslov ◽  
Svetlana A. Fedulova ◽  
Nikolai S. Veselovsky
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Tonic Firing
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