scholarly journals The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex

1968 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Brindley ◽  
W. S. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation of the Human Visual Cortex Preliminary Report

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Talalla ◽  
Leo Bullara ◽  
Robert Pudenz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Visual Prosthesis ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY:A feasibility study for the development of a human visual prosthesis has led several workers to observe the effects of electrical stimulation of the human visual cortex. Experience with such stimulations of three normal-sighted patients is reported. The results confirm some of the findings of other workers, but do not show that multiple phosphenes were experienced by our patients, using strictly limited parameters of stimulation.

Visual cortex responses to suprachoroidal electrical stimulation of the retina: effects of electrode return configuration

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 036009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Cicione ◽  
Mohit N Shivdasani ◽  
James B Fallon ◽  
Chi D Luu ◽  
Penny J Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Of

Corticogeniculate neurons, corticotectal neurons, and suspected interneurons in visual cortex of awake rabbits: receptive-field properties, axonal properties, and effects of EEG arousal

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Swadlow ◽  
T. G. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Axonal Conduction ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Stimulation Of

The intrinsic stability of the rabbit eye was exploited to enable receptive-field analysis of antidromically identified corticotectal (CT) neurons (n = 101) and corticogeniculate (CG) neurons (n = 124) in visual area I of awake rabbits. Eye position was monitored to within 1/5 degrees. We also studied the receptive-field properties of neurons synaptically activated via electrical stimulation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd). Whereas most CT neurons had either complex (59%) or motion/uniform (15%) receptive fields, we also found CT neurons with simple (9%) and concentric (4%) receptive fields. Most complex CT cells were broadly tuned to both stimulus orientation and velocity, but only 41% of these cells were directionally selective. We could elicit no visual responses from 6% of CT cells, and these cells had significantly lower conduction velocities than visually responsive CT cells. The median spontaneous firing rates for all classes of CT neurons were 4-8 spikes/s. CG neurons had primarily simple (60%) and concentric (9%) receptive fields, and none of these cells had complex receptive fields. CG simple cells were more narrowly tuned to both stimulus orientation and velocity than were complex CT cells, and most (85%) were directionally selective. Axonal conduction velocities of CG neurons (mean = 1.2 m/s) were much lower than those of CT neurons (mean = 6.4 m/s), and CG neurons that were visually unresponsive (23%) had lower axonal conduction velocities than did visually responsive CG neurons. Some visually unresponsive CG neurons (14%) responded with saccadic eye movements. The median spontaneous firing rates for all classes of CG neurons were less than 1 spike/s. All neurons synaptically activated via LGNd stimulation at latencies of less than 2.0 ms had receptive fields that were not orientation selective (89% motion/uniform, 11% concentric), whereas most cells with orientation-selective receptive fields had considerably longer synaptic latencies. Most short-latency motion/uniform neurons responded to electrical stimulation of the LGNd (and visual area II) with a high-frequency burst (500-900 Hz) of three or more spikes. Action potentials of these neurons were of short duration, thresholds of synaptic activation were low, and spontaneous firing rates were the highest seen in rabbit visual cortex. These properties are similar to those reported for interneurons in several regions in mammalian central nervous system. Nonvisual sensory stimuli that resulted in electroencephalographic arousal (hippocampal theta activity) had a profound effect on the visual responses of many visual cortical neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Plasticity in cat visual cortex restored by electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Kasamatsu ◽  
Kazushige Watabe ◽  
Paul Heggelund ◽  
Erling Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cat Visual Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation of Visual Cortex Can Immediately Improve Spatial Vision

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 1867-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M.G. Reinhart ◽  
Wenxi Xiao ◽  
Laura J. McClenahan ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Vision ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Frequency-Dependent Electrical Stimulation of the Visual Cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 1839-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Kanai ◽  
Leila Chaieb ◽  
Andrea Antal ◽  
Vincent Walsh ◽  
Walter Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

Visual cortex contribution to the organization of eye movements produced by local electrical stimulation of the cat lateral geniculate body

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Svetlova ◽  
N. F. Podvigin ◽  
F. N. Makarov ◽  
K. P. Fedorova ◽  
E. V. Evpyat'eva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Body ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Stimulation Of

Effect of electrical stimulation of locus coeruleus on the activity of neurons in the cat visual cortex

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sato ◽  
K. Fox ◽  
N. W. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Beta Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. We studied the effect of electrically stimulating the locus coeruleus (LC) and iontophoresing noradrenergic antagonists on visual responses and spontaneous activity of individual cells in the cat primary visual cortex. 2. A bilateral projection from LC to visual cortex was demonstrated anatomically, by retrograde labeling using horseradish peroxidase. Where electrical stimulation of both ipsilateral and contralateral LC affected a cortical neuron, the effect induced by stimulating each side was similar. 3. One hundred and two cells were recorded in area 17: 52% of them had their activity suppressed and 36% had their activity facilitated by LC stimulation. The suppressive effect was predominant in cortical layers II + III and IV, whereas most cells in layer V and one-half of the cells in layer VI were facilitated by LC stimulation. This suggests that LC neurons innervate each cortical layer in a different manner. 4. Simple and complex cells were equally sensitive to LC stimulation. For simple cells, the suppressive effect of LC stimulation was dominant throughout all layers. For complex cells, the suppressive effect was dominant in layers II + III and IV, whereas the facilitatory effect was dominant in layers V and VI. 5. The suppressive effect of LC stimulation was blocked by iontophoretic application of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists and the facilitatory effect was blocked by either alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists. 6. Nonselective alpha-, and selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptor antagonists suppressed visual and spontaneous activity in almost all neurons tested, suggesting that these receptors are either facilitatory at a postsynaptic site or inhibitory at a site presynaptic to an inhibitory synapse in the visual cortex. 7. beta-Receptor antagonists facilitated activity in 45% and suppressed activity in 36% of the cells tested, suggesting there are both suppressive and facilitatory types of beta-receptors. 8. The effectiveness of alpha- and beta-antagonists on the activity of neurons without LC stimulation also suggested that spontaneously released noradrenaline activated noradrenergic receptors in the visual cortex even in the anesthetized and paralyzed cat. 9. In most cells tested, both alpha- and beta-receptor antagonists exerted effects on single neurons suggesting that endogenous noradrenaline acts on both alpha- and beta-receptors on the same cell. 10. The activation of LC did not improve the signal- (visual response)to-noise (spontaneous discharge) ratio of neurons in the visual cortex. 11. LC seemed to control the activity of each cortical layer differently, by activating different kinds of noradrenergic receptors in different layers.

Artificial Vision for the Blind by Electrical Stimulation of the Visual Cortex

Neurosurgery ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Dobelle ◽  
William H. Dobelle ◽  
Donald O. Quest ◽  
Joao L. Antunes ◽  
Theodore S. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Artificial Vision ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
Television Camera ◽  
The Status ◽  
The University ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Artificial vision for the blind may be feasible by interfacing a television camera with electronics stimulating the visual cortex. The status of a major collaborative effort involving the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, the University of Utah, and the University of Western Ontario is reviewed. Results have been very encouraging, although much work remains to be done.

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