Corticoreticulospinal tract neurophysiology in an arm and hand muscle in healthy and stroke subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Taga ◽  
Charalambos C. Charalambous ◽  
Sharmila Raju ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Yian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Muscle

scholarly journals Association between hand muscle thickness and whole-body skeletal muscle mass in healthy adults: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1644-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Morimoto ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Nobuaki Tottori ◽  
Michio Wachi ◽  
Jun Misaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hand Muscle

Altered neuromuscular control of a hand muscle in chronic rotator cuff tears

2009 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Berth ◽  
Géza Pap ◽  
Wolfram Neumann ◽  
Friedemann Awiszus
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Hand Muscle

The Use of Patterned Neuromuscular Stimulation to Improve Hand Function Following Surgery for Ulnar Neuropathy

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. PETTERSON ◽  
G. P. SMITH ◽  
J. A. OLDHAM ◽  
T. E. HOWE ◽  
R. C. TALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Neuromuscular Stimulation ◽  
Single Motor Unit ◽  
First Dorsal Interosseous Muscle ◽  
Hand Muscle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dorsal Interosseous Muscle

A 60-year-old man with wasting and weakness of the right hand following ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow was referred for electrotherapy. An ulnar nerve transposition had been performed 2 years previously. This had produced some improvement in nerve conduction without significantly improving hand muscle function. The right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) was stimulated for 4 hours per day over a 6-week period with a stimulus pattern replicating the discharge of a single motor unit from a healthy, fatigued FDI (patterned neuromuscular stimulation or PNMS). The response was assessed using a single case design. Significant improvements in the strength and fatigue resistance of the FDI were observed, associated with improvements in general hand function. PNMS may be useful in restoring hand function in patients with muscle atrophy following entrapment neuropathy.

Electrocorticogram–electromyogram coherence during isometric contraction of hand muscle in human

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Ohara ◽  
Takashi Nagamine ◽  
Akio Ikeda ◽  
Takeharu Kunieda ◽  
Riki Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Hand Muscle

Direct and Indirect Corticospinal Control of Arm and Hand Motoneurons in the Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Maier ◽  
E. Olivier ◽  
S. N. Baker ◽  
P. A. Kirkwood ◽  
T. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Common Response ◽  
Hand Muscle ◽  
Comparable Sample

Maier, M. A., E. Olivier, S. N. Baker, P. A. Kirkwood, T. Morris, and R. N. Lemon. Direct and indirect corticospinal control of arm and hand motoneurons in the squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus). J. Neurophysiol. 78: 721–733, 1997. Anatomic evidence suggests that direct corticomotoneuronal (CM) projections to hand motoneurons in the New World squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus) are weak or absent, but electrophysiological evidence is lacking. The nature of the corticospinal linkage to these motoneurons was therefore investigated first with the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex under ketamine sedation in five monkeys. TMS produced early responses in hand muscle electromyogram, but thresholds were high (compared with macaque monkey) and the onset latency was variable. Second, stimulation of the pyramidal tract (PT) was carried out with the use of chronically implanted electrodes in ketamine-sedated monkeys; this produced more robust responses that were markedly facilitated by repetitive stimulation, with little decrease in latency on the third compared with the first shock. Finally, postsynaptic potentials were recorded intracellularly from 93 arm and hand motoneurons in five monkeys under general chloralose anesthesia. After a single PT stimulus, the most common response was a small, slowly rising excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), either alone (35 of 93 motoneurons) or followed by an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (39 of 93). The segmental delay of the early EPSPs was within the monosynaptic range (mean 0.85 ms); however, the rise time of these EPSPs was slow (mean 1.3 ms) and their amplitude was small (mean 0.74 mV). These values are significantly slower and smaller than EPSPs in a comparable sample of Old World macaque monkey motoneurons. The results show that CM connections do exist in the squirrel monkey but that they are weak and possibly located on the remote dendrites of the motoneurons. The findings are consistent with earlier anatomic studies. Repetitive PT stimulation produced large, late EPSPs in some motoneurons, suggesting that, in this species, there are relatively strong nonmonosynaptic pathways linking the corticospinal tract to hand motoneurons.

scholarly journals The effects of eccentric training on hamstring muscle architecture

Kinesiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Murat Emirzeoğlu ◽  
Tüzün Fırat ◽  
Özlem Ülger
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Hand Muscle

The architectural features of the hamstring muscle group are important to prevent injury or to reduce the risk of re-injury. Besides, eccentric training is often used in the rehabilitation of hamstring injuries. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the changes created by eccentric training on hamstring muscle architecture and to determine the minimal values of training duration and intensity for requiring functional changes. The research was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, COCHRANE, CINAHL, and Pedro databases. Full-text studies examining the effect of eccentric training on at least one parameter of the hamstring muscle architecture were included in the review. Studies on cadavers and animals and studies involving different types of training combined with eccentric training were excluded. Twelve of the 7954 studies met the set criteria. According to the results, eccentric training undoubtedly increases fiber length. However, the pennation angle tends to decrease. On the other hand, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area tends to increase depending on the eccentric training. Although the frequency, number of sets and number of repetitions in sets were similar in the examined studies, muscle architecture changes were different. We think that eccentric training duration and the number of repetitions in total or per training session seem to have an impact on muscle architecture. In order to determine the minimal eccentric training program that can create these changes, quality research is needed to examine the duration, intensity and methods of eccentric training.

scholarly journals Time-dependent modulation of spinal excitability during action observation in the macaque monkey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Jerjian ◽  
R.N. Lemon ◽  
A. Kraskov
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Hand Muscles ◽  
Spinal Circuitry ◽  
Hand Muscle ◽  
Spinal Excitability ◽  
Muscle Responses

ABSTRACTNeurons in the primate motor cortex, including identified pyramidal tract neurons projecting to the spinal cord, respond to the observation of others’ actions, yet this does not cause movement in the observer. Here, we investigated changes in spinal excitability during action observation by monitoring short latency electromyographic responses produced by single shocks delivered directly to the pyramidal tract. Responses in hand and digit muscles were recorded from two adult rhesus macaques while they performed, observed or withheld reach-to-grasp and hold actions. We found modest grasp-specific facilitation of hand muscle responses during hand shaping for grasp, which persisted when the grasp was predictable but obscured from the monkey’s vision. We also found evidence of a more general inhibition before observed movement onset, and the size of this inhibition effect was comparable to the inhibition after an explicit NoGo signal. These results confirm that the spinal circuitry controlling hand muscles is modulated during action observation, and this may be driven by internal representations of actions. The relatively modest changes in spinal excitability during observation suggest net corticospinal outflow exerts only minor, sub-threshold changes on hand motoneuron pools, thereby preventing any overflow of mirror activity into overt movement.

Potentiating and fatiguing cortical reactions in a voluntary fatigue test of a human hand muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Zijdewind ◽  
Machiel J. Zwarts ◽  
Daniel Kernell
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Hand Muscle
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