Abnormal changes in motor cortical maps in humans with spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Tazoe ◽  
Monica A. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cortical Maps ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortical

scholarly journals Rescue of axotomized motor cortical neurons from death by bone marrow derived stromal cells transplantation after spinal cord injury in rodent model

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S555
Author(s):  
Khaviyaa Chandramohan ◽  
Lavanya Venkitasamy ◽  
Kirubhanand Chandrashekaran ◽  
Felicia Mary Michael ◽  
Sankar Venkatachalam
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortical

Reactivating the Dormant Motor Cortex After Spinal Cord Injury With EEG Neurofeedback: A Case Study With a Chronic, Complete C4 Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo López-Larraz ◽  
Carlos Escolano ◽  
Luis Montesano ◽  
Javier Minguez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Eeg Neurofeedback ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Eeg Alpha

Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients present poor motor cortex activation during movement attempts. The reactivation of this brain region can be beneficial for them, for instance, allowing them to use brain-machine interfaces for motor rehabilitation or restoration. These brain-machine interfacess generally use electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the cortical activation during the attempts of movement, quantifying it as the event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the alpha/mu rhythm. Based on previous evidence showing that higher tonic EEG alpha power is associated with higher ERD, we hypothesized that artificially increasing the alpha power over the motor cortex of these patients could enhance their ERD (ie, motor cortical activation) during movement attempts. We used EEG neurofeedback (NF) to enhance the tonic EEG alpha power, providing real-time visual feedback of the alpha oscillations measured over the motor cortex. This approach was evaluated in a C4, ASIA A, SCI patient (9 months after the injury) who did not present ERD during the movement attempts of his paralyzed hands. The patient performed 4 NF sessions (in 4 consecutive days) and screenings of his EEG activity before and after each session. After the intervention, the patient presented a significant increase in the alpha power over the motor cortex, and a significant enhancement of the mu ERD in the contralateral motor cortex when he attempted to close the assessed right hand. As a proof of concept investigation, this article shows how a short NF intervention might be used to enhance the motor cortical activation in patients with chronic tetraplegia.

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