scholarly journals Extracellular miRNAs as mediators of obesity‐associated disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Brasil Brandao ◽  
Marsel Lino ◽  
C. Ronald Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Mirnas

scholarly journals Tumor-Progressive Mechanisms Mediating miRNA–Protein Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12303
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Konishi ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Mikihiro Fujiya
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Development And Differentiation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded short-chain RNAs that are endogenously expressed in vertebrates; they are considered the fine-tuners of cellular protein expression that act by modifying mRNA translation. miRNAs control tissue development and differentiation, cell growth, and apoptosis in cancer and non-cancer cells. Aberrant regulation of miRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. Numerous investigations have shown that the changes in cellular miRNA expression in cancerous tissues and extracellular miRNAs enclosed in exosomes are correlated with cancer prognosis. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer in clinical applications. In the previous decade, miRNAs have been shown to regulate cellular functions by directly binding to proteins and mRNAs, thereby controlling cancer progression. This regulatory system implies that cancer-associated miRNAs can be applied as molecular-targeted therapy. This review discusses the roles of miRNA–protein systems in cancer progression and its future applications in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Extracellular miRNAs: From Biomarkers to Mediators of Physiology and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Mori ◽  
Raissa G. Ludwig ◽  
Ruben Garcia-Martin ◽  
Bruna B. Brandão ◽  
C. Ronald Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Mirnas

scholarly journals Emerging microRNA biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 180212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Chen ◽  
Zijing Xia ◽  
Ya-Nan Deng ◽  
Yanfang Yang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Recurrence Prediction ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one abundant class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which regulate various biological processes by inhibiting expression of target genes. miRNAs have important functional roles in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and emerging evidence has indicated the feasibility of miRNAs as robust cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the progress in miRNA-related research, including study of its oncogene or tumour-suppressor roles and the advantages of miRNA biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, treatment and recurrence prediction. Along with analytical technique improvements in miRNA research, use of the emerging extracellular miRNAs is feasible for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs: Potential and Emerging Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Junping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Artery Disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are composed of a group of endogenous and noncoding small RNAs which control expression of complementary target mRNAs. The extended functions of miRNAs enhance the complexity of gene-regulatory processes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Indeed, recent studies have shown that miRNAs are closely related to myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, angiogenesis, coronary artery disease, dyslipidaemia, stroke, and so forth. These findings suggest a new therapeutic pointcut for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and show the extensive therapeutic potential of miRNA regulation. Moreover, it has been shown that circulating extracellular miRNAs are stable in bodily fluids, which indicates circulating miRNAs as potential and emerging biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis. This review highlights the most recent findings indicative of circulating miRNAs as potential clinical biomarkers for diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Extracellular MicroRNAs as Intercellular Mediators and Noninvasive Biomarkers of Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3455
Author(s):  
Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Subcellular Compartmentalization ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
Promote Tumor Development

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are released by different types of cells through highly regulated mechanisms under normal and pathological conditions. These extracellular miRNAs can be delivered into recipient cells for functional purposes, acting as cell-to-cell signaling mediators. It has been discovered that cancer cells release miRNAs into their surroundings, targeting normal cells or other cancer cells, presumably to promote tumor development and progression. These extracellular miRNAs are associated with oncogenic mechanisms and, because they can be quantified in blood and other bodily fluids, may be suitable noninvasive biomarkers for cancer detection. This review summarizes recent evidence of the role of extracellular miRNAs as intercellular mediators, with an emphasis on their role in the mechanisms of tumor development and progression and their potential value as biomarkers in solid tumors. It also highlights the biological characteristics of extracellular miRNAs that enable them to function as regulators of gene expression, such as biogenesis, gene silencing mechanisms, subcellular compartmentalization, and the functions and mechanisms of release.

scholarly journals Does microRNA Perturbation Control the Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Diabetes? Implications for Cardiovascular Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Lucia La Sala ◽  
Maurizio Crestani ◽  
Silvia Garavelli ◽  
Paola de Candia ◽  
Antonio E. Pontiroli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Mirnas Expression

Metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the pathological mechanisms underlying the mutual development of obesity and T2D are difficult to define, a better understanding of the molecular aspects is of utmost importance to identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, a class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as key modulators of metabolic abnormalities. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of intra- and extracellular miRNAs as determinants of the crosstalk between adipose tissues, liver, skeletal muscle and other organs, triggering the paracrine communication among different tissues. miRNAs may be considered as risk factors for CVD due to their correlation with cardiovascular events, and in particular, may be related to the most prominent risk factors. In this review, we describe the associations observed between miRNAs expression levels and the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, we sought to depict the molecular aspect of the interplay between obesity and diabetes, investigating the role of microRNAs in the interorgan crosstalk. Finally, we discussed the fascinating hypothesis of the loss of protective factors, such as antioxidant defense systems regulated by such miRNAs.

scholarly journals Intracellular and Extracellular MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Corcoran ◽  
Anne M Friel ◽  
Michael J Duffy ◽  
John Crown ◽  
Lorraine O'Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas

BACKGROUND Successful treatment of breast cancer is enhanced by early detection and, if possible, subsequent patient-tailored therapy. Toward this goal, it is essential to identify and understand the most relevant panels of biomarkers, some of which may also have relevance as therapeutic targets. METHODS We critically reviewed published literature on microRNAs (miRNAs) as relevant to breast cancer. SUMMARY Since the initial recognition of the association of miRNAs with breast cancer in 2005, studies involving cell lines, in vivo models, and clinical specimens have implicated several functions for miRNAs, including suppressing oncogenesis and tumors, promoting or inhibiting metastasis, and increasing sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy and targeted agents in breast cancer. For example, miR-21 is overexpressed in both male and female breast tumors compared with normal breast tissue and has been associated with advanced stage, lymph node positivity, and reduced survival time. miR-21 knock-down in cell-line models has been associated with increased sensitivity to topotecan and taxol in vitro and the limitation of lung metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, the discovery of extracellular miRNAs (including miR-21), existing either freely or in exosomes in the systemic circulation, has led to the possibility that such molecules may serve as biomarkers for ongoing patient monitoring. Although additional investigations are necessary to fully exploit the use of miRNAs in breast cancer, there is increasing evidence that miRNAs have potential not only to facilitate the determination of diagnosis and prognosis and the prediction of response to treatment, but also to act as therapeutic targets and replacement therapies.

scholarly journals Intracellular and Extracellular miRNAs in Regulation of Angiogenesis Signaling

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnenna A. Finn ◽  
Charles D. Searles
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Mirnas

Extracellular miRNAs Mediate Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (320) ◽  
pp. ec90-ec90
Author(s):  
N. R. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Mirnas
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