scholarly journals Infra‐slow modulation of fast beta/gamma oscillations in the mouse visual system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Orlowska‐Feuer ◽  
Annette Elisabeth Allen ◽  
Timothy Matthew Brown ◽  
Hanna Jowita Szkudlarek ◽  
Robert James Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Slow Modulation

scholarly journals Infra-slow modulation of fast beta/gamma oscillations in the mouse visual system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Orlowska-Feuer ◽  
Annette Elisabeth Allen ◽  
Timothy Matthew Brown ◽  
Hanna Jowita Szkudlarek ◽  
Robert James Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
List Type ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Neurophysiological Activity ◽  
Fast Oscillations

ABSTRACTInfra-slow (<0.02 Hz) and fast beta/gamma (20 – 100 Hz) oscillations in neurophysiological activity have been widely found in the subcortical visual system. While it is well established that fast beta/gamma oscillations are involved in visual processing, the role (if any) of infra-slow oscillations is currently unknown. One possibility is that infra-slow oscillations exert influence by modulating the amplitude of fast oscillations, yet the extent to which these different oscillations arise independently and interact remains unknown. We addressed these questions by recording in vivo spontaneous activity from subcortical visual system of visually intact mice, and animals whose retinal network was disrupted by advanced rod/cone degeneration (rd/rd cl) or melanopsin loss (Opn4-/- We found many neurons expressing only one type of oscillation, and indeed fast oscillations were absent in rd/rd cl. Conversely, neurons co-expressing the two oscillations were also common, and were encountered more often than expected by chance in visually intact but not Opn4-/- mice. Finally, where they co-occurred we found that beta/gamma amplitude was modulated by the infra-slow rhythm. Our data thus reveal that: 1.) infra-slow and beta-gamma oscillations are separable phenomena; and 2.) that they actively co-occur in a subset of neurones in which the phase of infra-slow oscillations define beta-gamma oscillation amplitude. These findings suggest that infra-slow oscillations could influence vision by modulating beta-gamma oscillations, and raise the possibility that disruptions in these oscillatory behaviours contribute to vision dysfunction in retinal dystrophy.KEY POINTS SUMMARYNeurophysiological activity in the subcortical visual system fluctuates in both infra-slow and fast oscillatory ranges, however the level of co-occurrence and potential functional interaction of these rhythms is unknown.Analyzing dark-adapted spontaneous activity in the mouse subcortical visual system, we find that these two types of oscillation interact uniquely through a population of neurons expressing both rhythms.Genetic ablation of rod/cone signaling potentiates infra-slow and abolishes fast beta/gamma oscillations while genetic ablation of melanopsin substantially diminishes the interaction between these two rhythms.Our results indicate that in an intact visual system the phase of infra-slow modulates fast beta/gamma oscillations.Thus one possible impact of infra-slow oscillations in vision is to guide visual processing by interacting with fast narrowband oscillations.

scholarly journals From Fast Oscillations to Circadian Rhythms: Coupling at Multiscale Frequency Bands in the Rodent Subcortical Visual System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Chrobok ◽  
Mino D. C. Belle ◽  
Jihwan Myung
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Functional Organisation ◽  
Fast Oscillations ◽  
Interesting System

The subcortical visual system (SVS) is a unique collection of brain structures localised in the thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. The SVS receives ambient light inputs from retinal ganglion cells and integrates this signal with internal homeostatic demands to influence physiology. During this processing, a multitude of oscillatory frequency bands coalesces, with some originating from the retinas, while others are intrinsically generated in the SVS. Collectively, these rhythms are further modulated by the day and night cycle. The multiplexing of these diverse frequency bands (from circadian to infra-slow and gamma oscillations) makes the SVS an interesting system to study coupling at multiscale frequencies. We review the functional organisation of the SVS, and the various frequencies generated and processed by its neurons. We propose a perspective on how these different frequency bands couple with one another to synchronise the activity of the SVS to control physiology and behaviour.

Author response for "The brain of the African wild dog. IV . The visual system"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Chengetanai ◽  
Adhil Bhagwandin ◽  
Mads F. Bertelsen ◽  
Therese Hård ◽  
Patrick R. Hof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Author Response ◽  
African Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
The Brain

Digital differential hysteresis iimage processing displays what the microscope acquires but the eye can't see

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Visual System ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Data Reading ◽  
Hysteresis Properties

Differential hysteresis processing is a new image processing technology that provides a tool for the display of image data information at any level of differential contrast resolution. This includes the maximum contrast resolution of the acquisition system which may be 1,000-times higher than that of the visual system (16 bit versus 6 bit). All microscopes acquire high precision contrasts at a level of <0.01-25% of the acquisition range in 16-bit - 8-bit data, but these contrasts are mostly invisible or only partially visible even in conventionally enhanced images. The processing principle of the differential hysteresis tool is based on hysteresis properties of intensity variations within an image.Differential hysteresis image processing moves a cursor of selected intensity range (hysteresis range) along lines through the image data reading each successive pixel intensity. The midpoint of the cursor provides the output data. If the intensity value of the following pixel falls outside of the actual cursor endpoint values, then the cursor follows the data either with its top or with its bottom, but if the pixels' intensity value falls within the cursor range, then the cursor maintains its intensity value.

Newborn's Preference for Faces

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Umiltà ◽  
Francesca Simion ◽  
Eloisa Valenza
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Human Face ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
Face Experiment

Four experiments were aimed at elucidating some aspects of the preference for facelike patterns in newborns. Experiment 1 showed a preference for a stimulus whose components were located in the correct arrangement for a human face. Experiment 2 showed a preference for stimuli that had optimal sensory properties for the newborn visual system. Experiment 3 showed that babies directed their attention to a facelike pattern even when it was presented simultaneously with a non-facelike stimulus with optimal sensory properties. Experiment 4 showed the preference for facelike patterns in the temporal hemifield but not in the nasal hemifield. It was concluded that newborns' preference for facelike patterns reflects the activity of a subcortical system which is sensitive to the structural properties of the stimulus.

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