scholarly journals The role of mitochondria in metabolic disease: a special emphasis on the heart dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilen Federico ◽  
Sergio De Fuente ◽  
Julieta Palomeque ◽  
Shey‐Shing Sheu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Heart Dysfunction

scholarly journals Fructose and Mannose in Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Cancer

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Lieu ◽  
Neil Kelekar ◽  
Pratibha Bhalla ◽  
Jiyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Mannose Metabolism

History suggests that tasteful properties of sugar have been domesticated as far back as 8000 BCE. With origins in New Guinea, the cultivation of sugar quickly spread over centuries of conquest and trade. The product, which quickly integrated into common foods and onto kitchen tables, is sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose dimers. While sugar is commonly associated with flavor, there is a myriad of biochemical properties that explain how sugars as biological molecules function in physiological contexts. Substantial research and reviews have been done on the role of glucose in disease. This review aims to describe the role of its isomers, fructose and mannose, in the context of inborn errors of metabolism and other metabolic diseases, such as cancer. While structurally similar, fructose and mannose give rise to very differing biochemical properties and understanding these differences will guide the development of more effective therapies for metabolic disease. We will discuss pathophysiology linked to perturbations in fructose and mannose metabolism, diagnostic tools, and treatment options of the diseases.

Chronic binge alcohol and ovariectomy dysregulate omental adipose tissue metaboproteome in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected female macaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonquil Marie Poret ◽  
Jessie J Guidry ◽  
Liz Simon ◽  
Patricia E. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Functional Pathways

Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced mortality of people living with HIV (PLWH), and the prevalence of at-risk alcohol use is higher among PLWH. Increased survival and aging of PLWH is associated with increased prevalence of metabolic comorbidities especially among menopausal women, and adipose tissue metabolic dysregulation may be a significant contributing factor. We examined the differential effects of chronic binge alcohol (CBA) administration and ovariectomy (OVX) on the omental adipose tissue (OmAT) proteome in a subset of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques of a longitudinal parent study. Quantitative discovery-based proteomics identified 1429 differentially expressed proteins. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to calculate z-scores, or activation predictions, for functional pathways and diseases. Results revealed protein changes associated with functional pathways centered around the "OmAT metaboproteome profile". Based on z-scores, CBA did not affect functional pathways of metabolic disease but dysregulated proteins involved in AMPK signaling and lipid metabolism. OVX-mediated proteome changes were predicted to promote pathways involved in glucose- and lipid-associated metabolic disease. Proteins involved in apoptosis, necrosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways were also predicted to be activated by OVX, and these were predicted to be inhibited by CBA. These results provide evidence for the role of ovarian hormone loss in mediating OmAT metaboproteome dysregulation in SIV and suggest that CBA modifies OVX-associated changes. In the context of OVX, CBA administration produced larger metabolic and cellular effects, which we speculate may reflect a protective role of estrogen against CBA-mediated adipose tissue injury in female SIV-infected macaques.

Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
David Raubenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Nutritional Biology ◽  
Nutritional Immunology

This concluding chapter looks at some of the big issues that remain in nutritional biology. Exploding protein into its constituent amino acids means having to deal with 19 extra dimensions, which is fine in theory but daunting in practice. However, such an expansion is what will be needed to understand the mechanisms of protein appetite, the role of protein in aging, obesity, and immune function, or the behavioral and metabolic consequences of replacing marine-based animal proteins with plant-derived alternatives in the diets of farmed fish. The next step will be to associate primary response variables such as life span, disease susceptibility, and fecundity with associated physiological, metabolic, and geometric responses. Other issues include nutritional epigenetics and early-life prevention of metabolic disease, human obesity, nutritional immunology, and modeling nutritional interactions.

scholarly journals Charles Nicholas Hales. 25 April 1935 — 15 September 2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 105-130
Author(s):  
Kenneth Siddle ◽  
J. Paul Luzio ◽  
Stephen O'Rahilly
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Clinical Biochemistry ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones

Charles Nicholas (‘Nick’) Hales was for 40 years a leading figure in UK biomedical research, and for 25 years Head of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at Cambridge University. During a distinguished career he made major contributions to diabetes research in three quite different fields: development and application of immunoassay methods for polypeptide hormones such as insulin; elucidation of mechanisms regulating insulin secretion; and demonstration of the role of early life nutrition in the development of metabolic disease in adulthood. He had a boundless enthusiasm for science, and especially for exploring new ideas, that infected all who had the privilege of working with him.

Role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in human metabolic disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sampath ◽  
James M Ntambi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

The Role of Angiotensin in Obesity and Metabolic Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Mathai ◽  
Nora Chen ◽  
Lauren Cornall ◽  
Richard S. Weisinger
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease
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