scholarly journals Evidence for a physiological role of pulmonary arterial baroreceptors in sympathetic neural activation in healthy humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 598 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia L. Simpson ◽  
Victoria L. Meah ◽  
Andrew Steele ◽  
Suman Thapamagar ◽  
Christopher Gasho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Atrial natriuretic peptides in man

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gary Nicholls ◽  
Hamid Ikram ◽  
Ian G. Crozier ◽  
Eric A. Espiner ◽  
Tim G. Yandle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Urine Electrolytes ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Research on the physiological role of atrial peptides in man is limited, and the potential for these peptides, or more stable analogues, in therapeutics is uncertain. It is clear, however, that plasma levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (IR-ANP) are increased in volunteers taking a high sodium diet, and are elevated in patients with heart failure, chronic renal failure, and primary aldosteronism. There is suggestive evidence that IR-ANP levels are increased also in essential hypertension, although overlap with normotensives is considerable. Injection or infusion of artrial peptides into man results in a diuresis, an increased output of urine electrolytes, a fall in blood pressure and a rise in heart rate, suppression of aldosterone and sometimes of renin also, and stimulation of norepinephrine. In essential hypertensives, urinary effects may be greater than in normotensives. Heart failure patients show a rise in cardiac output and falls in both systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure. Over the next few years and especially if specific antagonists can be developed, the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of atrial peptides in normal man and in clinical disorders should be clarified. It is possible that stable analogues of atrial peptides will find a place in the treatment of cardiac failure, renal failure, and perhaps hypertension.

The Endothelin System in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J Parris ◽  
David J Webb
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Endothelin Receptor ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Endothelin Antagonists ◽  
Endothelin System ◽  
Potent Vasoconstrictor ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process

Endothelin-1, a member of a novel family of regulatory peptides, is the most potent vasoconstrictor and pressor substance known. Endothelin-1 is a 21-amino-acid endothelium-derived peptide causing uniquely sustained vasoconstriction. In addition, endothelin-1 has pronounced effects on the coronary, renal and cerebral circulations, enhances responses to other vasoconstrictors, and is comitogenic. Recent studies have shown that the endothelins are essential for normal fetal development, and that endothelin-1 plays an important physiological role in the regulation of basal vascular tone and blood pressure in healthy humans. There is now also a wealth of evidence suggesting that endothelin-1 is a key mediator in a range of cardiovascular diseases associated with sustained vasoconstriction, such as chronic heart failure, and with vasospasm, such as subarachnoid haemorrhage. In addition, endothelin-1 appears to act in opposition to nitric oxide to promote the atherosclerotic process. There are a large number of oral and intravenously active endothelin antagonists entering clinical development and a number of clinical studies, particularly with endothelin receptor antagonists, are now under way. Such studies are beginning to define the role of the endothelins in cardiovascular disease and to confirm the potential of the endothelin system as an important new therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Role of the pulmonary arterial baroreceptors in the effects produced by capsaicin in the dog

1964 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel M. Coleridge ◽  
J. C. G. Coleridge ◽  
C. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

scholarly journals A specific role for serotonin in overcoming effort cost

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Meyniel ◽  
Guy M Goodwin ◽  
JF William Deakin ◽  
Corinna Klinge ◽  
Christine MacFadyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Computational Effect ◽  
The Impact

Serotonin is implicated in many aspects of behavioral regulation. Theoretical attempts to unify the multiple roles assigned to serotonin proposed that it regulates the impact of costs, such as delay or punishment, on action selection. Here, we show that serotonin also regulates other types of action costs such as effort. We compared behavioral performance in 58 healthy humans treated during 8 weeks with either placebo or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram. The task involved trading handgrip force production against monetary benefits. Participants in the escitalopram group produced more effort and thereby achieved a higher payoff. Crucially, our computational analysis showed that this effect was underpinned by a specific reduction of effort cost, and not by any change in the weight of monetary incentives. This specific computational effect sheds new light on the physiological role of serotonin in behavioral regulation and on the clinical effect of drugs for depression.Clinical trial Registration: ISRCTN75872983

Physiological Role of Cyclic Electron Flow in Higher Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Wei HUANG ◽  
Shi-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Kun-Fang CAO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cyclic Electron Flow

Navigating the Road to Transplant in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Road Less Taken

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Adaani E. Frost ◽  
Harrison W. Farber
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Donor Organ ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lung Allocation Score ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Dramatic advances in therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the last 20 years have improved survival from a median of 2.5 years in the pretreatment era to 7.5 years currently. However, impressive as that may seem, it is important to note that a median survival of 7.5 years is equivalent to that of surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer, thus underscoring the importance of lung transplantation as a treatment option in patients with PAH. In this edition of Advances, Edelman has reviewed the pathway to transplantation for patients with PAH, detailing the recommendations for timing of referral, listing for lung transplantation, the role of the lung allocation score in allocating a donor organ, and the outcome of lung transplantation.

The Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (ROMK): An Intriguing Pharmacological Target for an Innovative Class of Diuretic Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2627-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Calderone ◽  
Alma Martelli ◽  
Eugenia Piragine ◽  
Valentina Citi ◽  
Lara Testai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Diuretic Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Target ◽  
Diuretic Agents ◽  
Effective Drugs

In the last four decades, the several classes of diuretics, currently available for clinical use, have been the first line option for the therapy of widespread cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Diuretic drugs generally exhibit an overall favourable risk/benefit balance. However, they are not devoid of side effects. In particular, all the classes of diuretics cause alteration of potassium homeostasis. <p> In recent years, understanding of the physiological role of the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels, has shown an intriguing pharmacological target for developing an innovative class of diuretic agents: the ROMK inhibitors. This novel class is expected to promote diuretic activity comparable to (or even higher than) that provided by the most effective drugs used in clinics (such as furosemide), with limited effects on potassium homeostasis. <p> In this review, the physio-pharmacological roles of ROMK channels in the renal function are reported, along with the most representative molecules which have been currently developed as ROMK inhibitors.

An Expanding Role of Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yildiz ◽  
Alparslan Sahin ◽  
Michael Behnes ◽  
İbrahim Akin
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial
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