scholarly journals Leg vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic high-intensity exercise training are enhanced in the early postmenopausal phase

2017 ◽  
Vol 595 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969-2983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nyberg ◽  
Jon Egelund ◽  
Camilla M. Mandrup ◽  
Caroline B. Andersen ◽  
Karen M. B. E. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Adaptations

scholarly journals Exercise and oestrogens: aerobic high-intensity exercise promotes leg vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations in early postmenopause

2017 ◽  
Vol 595 (20) ◽  
pp. 6379-6380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharmegan Tharmaratnam ◽  
Tyler Tabobondung ◽  
Taylor Tabobondung ◽  
Seyon Sivagurunathan ◽  
Mina Amin Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Early Postmenopause ◽  
Mitochondrial Adaptations

Effect of short-term, high-intensity exercise training on human skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity: single versus multiple bouts per session

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394
Author(s):  
Martin J. MacInnis ◽  
Lauren E. Skelly ◽  
F. Elizabeth Godkin ◽  
Brian J. Martin ◽  
Thomas R. Tripp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

The legs of 9 men (age 21 ± 2 years, 45 ± 4 mL/(kg·min)) were randomly assigned to complete 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise training, involving either one or four 5-min bouts of counterweighted, single-leg cycling. Needle biopsies from vastus lateralis revealed that citrate synthase maximal activity increased after training in the 4-bout group (p = 0.035) but not the 1-bout group (p = 0.10), with a significant difference between groups post-training (13%, p = 0.021). Novelty Short-term training using brief intense exercise requires multiple bouts per session to increase mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Preservation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in older adults: relationship between mitochondria, fibre type and high-intensity exercise training

2017 ◽  
Vol 595 (11) ◽  
pp. 3345-3359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Wyckelsma ◽  
Itamar Levinger ◽  
Michael J. McKenna ◽  
Luke E. Formosa ◽  
Michael T. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Content

scholarly journals Novel, high-intensity exercise prescription improves muscle mass, mitochondrial function, and physical capacity in individuals with Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. Kelly ◽  
Matthew P. Ford ◽  
David G. Standaert ◽  
Ray L. Watts ◽  
C. Scott Bickel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

We conducted, in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), a thorough assessment of neuromotor function and performance in conjunction with phenotypic analyses of skeletal muscle tissue, and further tested the adaptability of PD muscle to high-intensity exercise training. Fifteen participants with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2–3) completed 16 wk of high-intensity exercise training designed to simultaneously challenge strength, power, endurance, balance, and mobility function. Skeletal muscle adaptations ( P < 0.05) to exercise training in PD included myofiber hypertrophy (type I: +14%, type II: +36%), shift to less fatigable myofiber type profile, and increased mitochondrial complex activity in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar fractions (I: +45–56%, IV: +39–54%). These adaptations were accompanied by a host of functional and clinical improvements ( P < 0.05): total body strength (+30–56%); leg power (+42%); single leg balance (+34%); sit-to-stand motor unit activation requirement (−30%); 6-min walk (+43 m), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39, −7.8pts); Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total (−5.7 pts) and motor (−2.7 pts); and fatigue severity (−17%). Additionally, PD subjects in the pretraining state were compared with a group of matched, non-PD controls (CON; did not exercise). A combined assessment of muscle tissue phenotype and neuromuscular function revealed a higher distribution and larger cross-sectional area of type I myofibers and greater type II myofiber size heterogeneity in PD vs. CON ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, persons with moderately advanced PD adapt to high-intensity exercise training with favorable changes in skeletal muscle at the cellular and subcellular levels that are associated with improvements in motor function, physical capacity, and fatigue perception.

scholarly journals Effect of high-intensity exercise training on lactate/H+ transport capacity in human skeletal muscle

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. E255-E261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Pilegaard ◽  
Kristian Domino ◽  
Thomas Noland ◽  
Carsten Juel ◽  
Ylva Hellsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Giant Vesicles

The present study examined the effect of high-intensity exercise training on muscle sarcolemmal lactate/H+ transport and the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) as well as lactate and H+ release during intense exercise in humans. One-legged knee-extensor exercise training was performed for 8 wk, and biopsies were obtained from untrained and trained vastus lateralis muscle. The rate of lactate/H+ transport determined in sarcolemmal giant vesicles was 12% higher ( P < 0.05) in the trained than in untrained muscle ( n = 7). The content of MCT1 and MCT4 protein was also higher (76 and 32%, respectively; n = 4) in trained muscle. Release of lactate and H+ from the quadriceps muscle at the end of intense exhaustive knee-extensor exercise was similar in the trained and untrained leg, although the estimated muscle intracellular-to-interstitial gradients of lactate and H+ were lower ( P < 0.05) in the trained than in the untrained muscle. The present data show that intense exercise training can increase lactate/H+transport capacity in human skeletal muscle as well as improve the ability of the muscle to release lactate and H+ during contractions.

scholarly journals The Molecular Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle to High-Intensity Exercise/Training and Hypoxia

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Yanchun Li ◽  
Muhammed M. Atakan ◽  
Jujiao Kuang ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Signalling

High-intensity exercise/training, especially interval exercise/training, has gained popularity in recent years. Hypoxic training was introduced to elite athletes half a century ago and has recently been adopted by the general public. In the current review, we have summarised the molecular adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to high-intensity exercise/training, focusing on mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and muscle fibre composition. The literature suggests that (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) PGC-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α) might be the main mediators of skeletal muscle adaptations to high-intensity exercises in hypoxia. Exercise is known to be anti-inflammatory, while the effects of hypoxia on inflammatory signalling are more complex. The anti-inflammatory effects of a single session of exercise might result from the release of anti-inflammatory myokines and other cytokines, as well as the downregulation of Toll-like receptor signalling, while training-induced anti-inflammatory effects may be due to reductions in abdominal and visceral fat (which are main sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Hypoxia can lead to inflammation, and inflammation can result in tissue hypoxia. However, the hypoxic factor HIF1-α is essential for preventing excessive inflammation. Disease-induced hypoxia is related to an upregulation of inflammatory signalling, but the effects of exercise-induced hypoxia on inflammation are less conclusive. The effects of high-intensity exercise under hypoxia on skeletal muscle molecular adaptations and inflammatory signalling have not been fully explored and are worth investigating in future studies. Understanding these effects will lead to a more comprehensive scientific basis for maximising the benefits of high-intensity exercise.

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