scholarly journals Ventromedial hypothalamic melanocortin receptor activation: regulation of activity energy expenditure and skeletal muscle thermogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 594 (18) ◽  
pp. 5285-5301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya K. Gavini ◽  
William C. Jones ◽  
Colleen M. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
Activity Energy

Combination of Canagliflozin and Exercise Training Leads to Lipid-Dependent Energy Expenditure in Skeletal Muscle in Obese Diabetic Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 742-P
Author(s):  
KENICHI TANAKA ◽  
HIROKAZU TAKAHASHI ◽  
KAZUYO SASAKI ◽  
KANAKO INOUE ◽  
YAYOI MATSUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Diabetic Mice

scholarly journals Effect of raw and encapsulated policosanol on lipid profiles, blood biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism of adult cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110137
Author(s):  
James R Templeman ◽  
Kylie Hogan ◽  
Alexandra Blanchard ◽  
Christopher PF Marinangeli ◽  
Alexandra Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Activity Energy

Objectives The objective of this study was to verify the safety of policosanol supplementation for domestic cats. The effects of raw and encapsulated policosanol were compared with positive (L-carnitine) and negative (no supplementation) controls on outcomes of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and physical activity in healthy young adult cats. Methods The study was a replicated 4 × 4 complete Latin square design. Eight cats (four castrated males, four spayed females; mean age 3.0 ± 1.0 years; mean weight 4.36 ± 1.08 kg; mean body condition score 5.4 ± 1.4) were blocked by sex and body weight then randomized to treatment groups: raw policosanol (10 mg/kg body weight), encapsulated policosanol (50 mg/kg body weight), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg body weight) or no supplementation. Treatments were supplemented to a basal diet for 28 days with a 1-week washout between periods. Food was distributed equally between two offerings to ensure complete supplement consumption (first offering) and measure consumption time (second offering). Blood collection (lipid profile, complete blood count, serum biochemistry) and indirect calorimetry (energy expenditure, respiratory quotient) were conducted at days 0, 14 and 28 of each period. Activity monitors were worn 7 days prior to indirect calorimetry and blood collection. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model (SAS, v.9.4). Results Food intake and body weight were similar among treatments. There was no effect of treatment on lipid profile, serum biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure or respiratory quotient ( P >0.05); however, time to consume a second meal was greatest in cats fed raw policosanol ( P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance These data suggest that policosanol is safe for feline consumption. Further studies with cats demonstrating cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted to confirm whether policosanol therapy is an efficacious treatment for hyperlipidemia and obesity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Energy Expenditure Observed between Scheduled Activities in Collegiate Team-Sport Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Moon ◽  
Hannah A. Zabriskie ◽  
Patrick S. Harty ◽  
Bradley S. Currier ◽  
Julia C. Blumkaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Ncaa Division Ii ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Activity Energy

Energy needs of female team-sport athletes are poorly understood with no evidence highlighting differences present between scheduled activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in energy expenditure between NCAA Division II female basketball (BBALL) and lacrosse (LAX) athletes during different scheduled team activities. Female BBALL (n = 13; 19.8 ± 1.3 yrs; 173.9 ± 13.6 cm; 74.6 ± 9.1kg; 27.1 ± 3.2%fat) and LAX (n = 20; 20.4 ± 1.8yrs; 168.4 ± 6.6cm; 68.8 ± 8.9kg; 27.9 ± 3.1%fat) athletes were outfitted with heart rate and activity monitors during four consecutive days on five different occasions (20 days total) across an entire academic year to assess differences in total daily activity energy expenditure (TDEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and physical activity level (PAL). Data were categorized by type of scheduled daily activities: Practice, Game, Conditioning, or Off. Independent of day type, TDEE, AEE, and PAL levels were greater (p < 0.05) in BBALL athletes. For each sport, TDEE, AEE, and PAL were significantly different (p < 0.05) between classified activity days. BBALL and LAX athletes experienced higher values on game days for TDEE, AEE, and PAL, with the lowest values experienced on off days. In conclusion, calculated levels of TDEE, AEE, and PAL in female collegiate BBALL and LAX athletes were determined to be different, irrespective of the scheduled activity.

scholarly journals β-Adrenergically Stimulated Fat Oxidation Is Diminished in Middle-Aged Compared to Young Subjects*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3764-3769
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
W. H. M. Saris
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract The effect of aging on β-adrenergically mediated substrate utilization was investigated in nine young (25.2 ± 1.7 yr old) and eight older males (52.9 ± 2.1 yr old), matched for body weight and body composition. In a first experiment, the nonselectiveβ -agonist isoprenaline (ISO) was infused in increasing standardized doses, and during each infusion period energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry. In a second experiment, forearm skeletal muscle metabolism was studied during a standardized infusion dose of ISO (19 ng/kg fat-free mass·min). During β-adrenergic stimulation there was an increased carbohydrate oxidation (at an ISO infusion dose of 24 ng/kg fat-free mass·min, 31% vs. 21% of total energy expenditure; P &lt; 0.05) and a decreased fat oxidation (51 vs. 62 of total energy expenditure; P &lt; 0.05) in older compared to young subjects. Skeletal muscle lactate release significantly increased in the older subjects (from −175 ± 32 to −366 ± 66 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min), whereas there was no change in young subjects (from− 32 ± 21 to 23 ± 57 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min; interaction group × ISO, P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, there was a tendency toward a blunted ISO-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid uptake in the older subjects (interaction group × ISO, P = 0.062). Thus, middle-aged subjects have a blunted ability to oxidize fat during β-adrenergic stimulation compared to young subjects. This diminished fat oxidation may be an important etiological factor in the age-related increase in body fatness and obesity by favoring fat storage above oxidation.

scholarly journals Female rats selectively bred for high intrinsic aerobic fitness are protected from ovariectomy-associated metabolic dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. R530-R542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Vieira-Potter ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Young-Min Park ◽  
Rebecca J. Welly ◽  
Rebecca J. Scroggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽  
Resting Energy

Ovariectomized rodents model human menopause in that they rapidly gain weight, reduce spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and develop metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. How contrasting aerobic fitness levels impacts ovariectomy (OVX)-associated metabolic dysfunction is not known. Female rats selectively bred for high and low intrinsic aerobic fitness [high-capacity runners (HCR) and low-capacity runners (LCR), respectively] were maintained under sedentary conditions for 39 wk. Midway through the observation period, OVX or sham (SHM) operations were performed providing HCR-SHM, HCR-OVX, LCR-SHM, and LCR-OVX groups. Glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and SPA were measured before and 4 wk after surgery, while body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adipose tissue distribution, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle phenotype, hepatic lipid content, insulin resistance via homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance and AdipoIR, and blood lipids were assessed at death. Remarkably, HCR were protected from OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance, observed only in LCR. HCR rats were ∼30% smaller, had ∼70% greater spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed ∼10% more relative energy, had greater skeletal muscle proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha, and ∼40% more BAT. OVX did not increase energy intake and reduced SPA to the same extent in both HCR and LCR. LCR were particularly affected by an OVX-associated reduction in resting energy expenditure and experienced a reduction in relative BAT; resting energy expenditure correlated positively with BAT across all animals ( r = 0.6; P < 0.001). In conclusion, despite reduced SPA following OVX, high intrinsic aerobic fitness protects against OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance. The mechanism may involve preservation of resting energy expenditure.

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