scholarly journals Neural influences on human intestinal epitheliumin vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 594 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Krueger ◽  
Klaus Michel ◽  
Florian Zeller ◽  
Ihsan E. Demir ◽  
Güralp O. Ceyhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Influences

Potency of naloxone's anorectic effect in rats is dependent on diet preference

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. R217-R221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Glass ◽  
M. Grace ◽  
J. P. Cleary ◽  
C. J. Billington ◽  
A. S. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Diet Preference ◽  
Anorectic Effect ◽  
Neural Influences

Modulation of feeding behavior by neuropeptide Y (NPY) and opioids is well established, but the possibility that these neural influences provoke specific appetites, NPY for carbohydrate and opioids for fat, has also been considered. In other studies, intake of standard chow after NPY stimulation can be blocked by naloxone, indicating an interaction between these systems in the regulation of feeding. The present experiments examined the nature of NPY-opioid interactions in diet selection. Rats were administered NPY and naloxone concurrently, then chose between high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets. Subcutaneous administration of naloxone (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) potently reduced intake of the preferred diet, but not the nonpreferred diet. A similar pattern of selection was seen in a separate experiment where the same doses of naloxone were administered after 24-h food deprivation. These data support the idea that the opioid system mediates the “rewarding” aspects of feeding.

scholarly journals Neural Influences on Sonic Hedgehog and Apoptosis in the Rat Penis1

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bond ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
Carol A. Podlasek
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Neural Influences

Neural influences on renal responses to acute volume expansion in rats with heart failure

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. H1441-H1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Patel ◽  
P. L. Zhang ◽  
P. K. Carmines
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Renal Nerve Activity ◽  
Neural Influences ◽  
Renal Responses ◽  
Renal Sympathetic ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Experiments were performed to test the postulate that neural influences underlie the suppressed excretory response to acute volume expansion (VE) typically observed 3-4 wk after myocardial infarction to induce chronic heart failure (CHF). Responses to VE were assessed in innervated (intact) and denervated (DNX) kidneys of anesthetized CHF rats and sham-operated controls. CHF rats exhibited blunted natriuretic responses to VE in both intact kidneys (35% of sham response) and DNX kidneys (55% of sham DNX response). CHF rats also displayed suppressed excretory responses to atrial natriuretic factor (0.25 microgram.kg-1.min-1 iv) in both intact kidneys (74% of sham response) and DNX kidneys (63% of sham DNX response). Additional experiments confirmed that the compliance of the venoatrial junction did not differ between sham rats (52 +/- 2 mmHg/microliter) and CHF rats (54-2 mmHg/microliter). The observations support the contention that both tonic renal sympathetic renal nerve activity and suppressed renal atrial natriuretic factor responsiveness likely contribute to the blunted excretory response to VE during CHF.

Neural Influences on Induction of Contact Hypersensitivity

2006 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WAYNE STREILEIN ◽  
PASCALE ALARD ◽  
HIRONORI NIIZEKI
Keyword(s):  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Neural Influences

Is Innervation a Prime Regulator of Cerebral Blood Flow?

Physiology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Bevan ◽  
RD Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Pial Artery ◽  
Neural Influences

Pial artery diameter is likely to be regulated by local effects of pressure and flow, since there is little evidence for neural influences on these vessels. The larger cerebral arteries are influenced by the same constrictor and dilator neural outflows that are distributed to many other tissues of the head.

Maximum exercise heart rate reduction with maturation in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Corre ◽  
H. Cho ◽  
R. J. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Reduction ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Maximum Exercise ◽  
Control Heart ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neural Influences

Maximum exercise heart rate decreases with maturation in the rat as well as in man. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism(s) which might be responsible for this reduction in max exercise heart rate in the rat. Maximum exercise heart rates were 618 +/- 7 vs. 580 +/- 9 beats/min for the young (5 wk) and mature (19 wk) rats, respectively. Atropine had no effect on max exercise heart rate. Propranolol reduced max heart rate in both groups with the older rats having the lowest value. Resting heart rates were recorded following injections of atropine propranolol, and propranolol plus atropine. Under all conditions, including control, heart rates were lower in the mature rats. Electrical stimulation in situ showed a significant difference in the threshold voltage for stimulation at 600 beats/min: 1.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.1 V for the young and mature rats, respectively. These data suggest that intrinsic changes occur in the myocardium with maturation and the reduction in max exercise heart rate is due to these intrinsic changes as opposed to changes in neural influences.

Activity-independent neural influences on cat soleus motor unit phenotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhong ◽  
Roland R. Roy ◽  
John A. Hodgson ◽  
Robert J. Talmadge ◽  
Elena J. Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Neural Influences
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