scholarly journals The rapidly adapting receptors in mammalian airways and their responses to changes in extravascular fluid volume

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tissa Kappagoda ◽  
Krishnan Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extravascular Fluid ◽  
Extravascular Fluid Volume

Evidence for increased intrathoracic fluid volume in man at high altitude

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Jaeger ◽  
J. T. Sylvester ◽  
A. Cymerman ◽  
J. J. Berberich ◽  
J. C. Denniston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Extravascular Fluid ◽  
Pressure Volume Curve ◽  
Transthoracic Electrical Impedance ◽  
Extravascular Fluid Volume

To determine if subclinical pulmonary edema occurs commonly at high altitude, 25 soldiers participated in two consecutive 72-h field exercises, the first at low altitude (200–875 m) and the second at high altitude (3,000–4,300 m). Various aspects of ventilatory function and pulmonary mechanics were measured at 0, 36, and 72 h of each exercise. Based on physical examination and chest radiographs there was no evidence of pulmonary edema at high altitude. There was, however, an immediate and sustained decrease in vital capacity and transthoracic electrical impedance as well as a clockwise rotation of the transpulmonary pressure-volume curve. In contrast, closing capacity and residual volume did not change immediately upon arrival at high altitude but did increase later during the exposure. These observations are consistent with an abrupt increase in thoracic intravascular fluid volume upon arrival at high altitude followed by a more gradual increase in extravascular fluid volume in the peribronchial spaces of dependent lung regions.

Plasma volume and extravascular fluid volume during pregnancy and the puerperium

1949 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Caton ◽  
Charles C. Roby ◽  
Duncan E. Reid ◽  
John G. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extravascular Fluid ◽  
Extravascular Fluid Volume

Pulmonary Intra- and Extravascular Fluid Volume Changes with Exercise

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Korsgren ◽  
R. Luepker ◽  
B. Liander ◽  
E. Varnauskas
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Extravascular Fluid ◽  
Extravascular Fluid Volume

Isoflurane but Not Mechanical Ventilation Promotes Extravascular Fluid Accumulation during Crystalloid Volume Loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara M. Connolly ◽  
George C. Kramer ◽  
Robert G. Hahn ◽  
Neil F. Chaisson ◽  
Christer H. Svensén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Extravascular Fluid ◽  
Tissue Manipulation

Background The combination of isoflurane anesthesia and mechanical ventilation reduces urinary output and promotes redistribution of a crystalloid bolus into the extravascular space. The authors hypothesized that mechanical ventilation rather than isoflurane causes this alteration. Methods The fate of a 25-ml/kg, 20-min, 0.9% saline fluid bolus was studied in four different experiments per sheep: while conscious and spontaneously ventilating (CSV), while conscious and mechanically ventilated (CMV), while anesthetized with isoflurane and mechanical ventilated (ISOMV), and while anesthetized with isoflurane and spontaneously ventilating (ISOSV). Results By calculations based on the indicator dilution and mass balance principles, plasma expansion was similar between protocols. Isoflurane but not mechanical ventilation reduced urinary output and increased interstitial fluid volume (P < 0.001): At 180 min, mean total urinary outputs were 15.6 +/- 2.1 and 15.9 +/- 2.9 ml/kg in the CSV and CMV protocols and 2.7 +/- 0.6 and 3.1 +/- 1.1 ml/kg in the ISOSV and ISOMV protocols, respectively. The net changes in extravascular volume, assumed to be interstitial fluid volume, were 8.6 +/- 3.3 and 8.1 +/- 3.1 ml/kg, and 22.5 +/- 1.5 and 22.1 +/- 1.6 ml/kg in the corresponding protocols. Volume kinetic analysis demonstrated extravascular fluid accumulation associated with isoflurane anesthesia similar to the calculated interstitial accumulation of 20.2 +/- 0.5 and 26.5 +/- 0.3 ml/kg in the ISOSV and ISOMV protocols, respectively. Conclusion Isoflurane, but not mechanical ventilation, decreased urinary excretion and increased interstitial fluid volume. Volume kinetic analysis indicated "third-space" losses due to isoflurane. Perioperative fluid retention may be associated not only with surgical tissue manipulation, but with anesthesia per se.

scholarly journals P1085EFFECT OF INTRAVASCULAR FLUID REMOVAL ON THE RATE OF CHANGE OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA DIAMETER, EARLY DIASTOLIC MITRAL VALUE INFLOW AND NUMBER OF LUNG ECHO B-LINES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Otsubo ◽  
Katsuya Kajimoto
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Fluid Removal ◽  
Extravascular Fluid ◽  
B Lines ◽  
Total Fluid

Abstract Background and Aims In hemodialysis therapy, intravascular fluid is removed first. As intravascular water is removed, the circulating serum protein concentrations increase, resulting in a marked increase in the driving force which pulls water from the extravascular space into the blood vessels, by a process called plasma refilling. We examined the effect of total fluid removal and intravascular fluid removal as estimated by the change of the hematocrit value during dialysis on the rate of change of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, early diastolic mitral valve inflow (E wave), and lung echo B-lines. Method We enrolled 59 patients under maintenance hemodialysis for this study. Lung ultrasound was performed at the first session of the week. Bilateral scanning of the anterior and lateral chest walls was performed with the patient in a supine position. The chest wall was divided into 8 areas (2 anterior and 2 lateral areas per side), and 1 scan was obtained for each area. The total number of B-lines was estimated. Echocardiographic measurements were obtained at the same time and the IVC dimensions and E wave were estimated. We performed each ultrasound examinations at two time-points (just after the start and just before the end of the hemodialysis therapy). We then investigated the rate of change ((post-pre)/post) of the IVC diameter, E wave, and number of B-lines. A peripheral blood sample was obtained before and after the hemodialysis session and the hematocrit was measured. We estimated the intravascular fluid volume as pre body weight /13, and estimated intravascular fluid removal as (post hematocrit – pre hematocrit)/post hematocrit x estimated intravascular fluid. We also defined estimated extravascular fluid removal as total fluid removal – estimated intravascular fluid removal. We investigated the relationship between the total, intravascular and extravascular fluid removals and the rate of change of the IVC diameter, E wave, and number of B-lines. Results The rate of change of the IVC diameter was negatively related to the estimated intravascular fluid volume (r=-0.285, P=0.033), but not to the estimated extravascular fluid or total fluid removal. The rate of change of the E wave was negatively related to the estimated intravascular fluid volume (r=-0.422, P=0.001), and the estimated extravascular fluid (r=-0.369, P=0.006) and total fluid removal (r=-0.419, P=0.002). Among these, the rate of change of the E wave was most closely related to the estimated intravascular fluid volume. The rate of change of the number of B-lines was not associated with the estimated intravascular fluid volume, but was negatively correlated with the estimated extravascular fluid (r=-0.368, P=0.005) and total fluid removal (r=-0.353, P=0.008). The estimated extravascular fluid removal was the most closely related to the rate of change of the number of B-lines. Conclusion The rates of changes of the IVC diameter and E wave were strongly associated with the estimated intravascular fluid removal, whereas the rate of change of the number of B-lines was correlated with estimated extravascular fluid removal. The E wave represents the flow to the left ventricle, which occurs after left ventricular diastole, reflecting the preload status. The IVC dimensions are strongly associated with the right atrial pressure and blood volume and therefore reflect the intravascular volume. Therefore, both the E wave and the IVC diameter may represent the intravascular fluid volume. On the other hand, the number of B-lines has been reported to be correlated with the amount of extravascular lung water. Our results were consistent with these reports.

Influence of Variations in Body-Fluid Volumes on Sodium Metabolism in Man

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berth Josephson
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Extravascular Fluid ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Sodium Metabolism ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Extravascular Fluid Volume ◽  
Dextran Solution ◽  
Very High ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

Abstract A review has been given of recent papers on the influence of acute changes in extracellular, extravascular fluid volume and in plasma volume on the salt metabolism. The influence of intravascular pressure, pitressin, adrenal steroids, etc., has been mentioned. Some work from the author's laboratory has been reported. It was found in this laboratory that a large intravenous infusion-25 ml./min. during 1-2 hours-of iso-oncotic glucose has no influence on sodium excretion in normal man, but that it gives rise to a very high increase of the sodium output in cases of arterial hypertension. Later on it was found that patients with cardiac failure behave as the hypertensive do in this respect. On the other hand, an intravenous infusion of a corresponding amount of iso-oncotic dextran solution gives a considerable decrease of sodium excretion in healthy subjects as well as in patients with the above-mentioned diseases. The correlation between these results and the changes of the kidney function and the renal hemodynamic have been discussed.

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