Modulation of visceral function by selective stimulation of the left vagus nerve in dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rozman ◽  
M. Bunc
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Selective Stimulation ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Selective stimulation of the ferret abdominal vagus nerve with multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Shulgach ◽  
Dylan W. Beam ◽  
Ameya C. Nanivadekar ◽  
Derek M. Miller ◽  
Stephanie Fulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Selective Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Cuff ◽  
Cuff Electrodes ◽  
Nerve Cuff Electrodes ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractDysfunction and diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are a major driver of medical care. The vagus nerve innervates and controls multiple organs of the GI tract and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could provide a means for affecting GI function and treating disease. However, the vagus nerve also innervates many other organs throughout the body, and off-target effects of VNS could cause major side effects such as changes in blood pressure. In this study, we aimed to achieve selective stimulation of populations of vagal afferents using a multi-contact cuff electrode wrapped around the abdominal trunks of the vagus nerve. Four-contact nerve cuff electrodes were implanted around the dorsal (N = 3) or ventral (N = 3) abdominal vagus nerve in six ferrets, and the response to stimulation was measured via a 32-channel microelectrode array (MEA) inserted into the left or right nodose ganglion. Selectivity was characterized by the ability to evoke responses in MEA channels through one bipolar pair of cuff contacts but not through the other bipolar pair. We demonstrated that it was possible to selectively activate subpopulations of vagal neurons using abdominal VNS. Additionally, we quantified the conduction velocity of evoked responses to determine what types of nerve fibers (i.e., Aδ vs. C) responded to stimulation. We also quantified the spatial organization of evoked responses in the nodose MEA to determine if there is somatotopic organization of the neurons in that ganglion. Finally, we demonstrated in a separate set of three ferrets that stimulation of the abdominal vagus via a four-contact cuff could selectively alter gastric myoelectric activity, suggesting that abdominal VNS can potentially be used to control GI function.

Functional anatomy of the vagal innervation of the cervical trachea of the dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Coon ◽  
Patrick J. Mueller ◽  
Philip S. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Cervical Trachea ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The canine cervical trachea has been used for numerous studies regarding the neural control of tracheal smooth muscle. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there is lateral dominance by either the left or right vagal innervation of the canine cervical trachea. In anesthetized dogs, pressure in the cuff of the endotracheal tube was used as an index of smooth muscle tone in the trachea. After establishment of tracheal tone, as indicated by increased cuff pressure, either the right or left vagus nerve was sectioned followed by section of the contralateral vagus. Sectioning the right vagus first resulted in total loss of tone in the cervical trachea, whereas sectioning the left vagus first produced either a partial or no decrease in tracheal tone. After bilateral section of the vagi, cuff pressure was recorded during electrical stimulation of the rostral end of the right or left vagus. At the maximum current strength used, stimulation of the left vagus produced tracheal constriction that averaged 28.5% of the response to stimulation of the right vagus (9.0 ± 1.8 and 31.6 ± 2.5 mmHg, respectively). In conclusion, the musculature of cervical trachea in the dog appears to be predominantly controlled by vagal efferents in the right vagus nerve.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE VAGUS NERVES UPON CONDUCTION BETWEEN AURICLES AND VENTRICLES IN THE DOG DURING AURICULAR FIBRILLATION

1916 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Canby Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The experiments that have been reported indicate that stimulation of either the right vagus or the left vagus nerve is equally effectual in blocking impulses from the auricles to the ventricles when auricular fibrillation is present. Stimulation of the left vagus nerve is as effectual in blocking impulses from the normally beating auricles as from the auricles when in a state of fibrillation, and the type of auricular activity has apparently no influence on the effect which stimulation of the left vagus has on auriculoventricular conduction.

scholarly journals Chronic Stimulation of the Left Vagus Nerve: Cognitive Motor Effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT:Background:Stimulation of the left vagus nerve (VNS) has been shown to control seizures in double blinded crossover studies in man. Animal studies have reported vagal afferent induced depression of nociceptive and motor reflexes which may be caused by an effect on the descending reticular system controlling spinal cord function. Anticonvulsant drug therapy may cause postural instability. The effects of VNS are assessed not only from the perspective of seizure control but also from the view of potential harm to other bodily systems. Long term (2¼ years) effects of VNS were compared to postural stability analyses.Methods:8 subjects, 2 were females, mean age 34.5 ± 8.23 SD years, with intractable complex partial seizures, taking 3 anticonvulsant drugs were assessed for postural stability in quiet standing and while moving forwards, backwards and sideways with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Data were collected and collated using an AMTI Biomechanics immovable forceplate, Newton M.A. U.S.A. The study design was longitudinal with pre-operative baseline data collected prior to neurostimulation and at intervals post operatively.Results:4/8 balance measures showed significant changes from pre-operative values and after 2¼ years of stimulation. Area of sway (EO) in quiet standing p = .022 and total sway (EC) in the moving state p = .019 and total sway (EC) in quiet standing showed an increase in sway p = .003. Area of sway (EC) p = .004 tended to decrease. Regression analysis for frequency of stimulation showed an increase in sway with higher frequencies T = 1.99, P = .05.Conclusion:Chronic VNS does not augment postural instability.

Dynamics of non-psychotic mental disorders and suicidal intentions in a patient with epilepsy before and after VNS therapy (clinical observation)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Natalya Shova ◽  
Vladimir Mikhailov ◽  
Korovina Svetlana ◽  
Diana Alekseeva ◽  
Anton Platunov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Epilepsy affects millions of people around the world. Stimulation of the left vagus nerve (VNS) has proven to be effective in reducing the frequency of seizures for over 30 years, and some authors have noted the positive dynamics of the effect of stimulation on the emotional status of patients. In this clinical observation, we describe changes in the pathopsychological condition before and after VNS therapy in a patient with a drug-resistant form of epilepsy and suicidal intentions.

scholarly journals Alternative Paradigm of Selective Vagus Nerve Stimulation Tested on an Isolated Porcine Vagus Nerve

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Pečlin ◽  
Janez Rozman
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Isolated Segment ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Alternative paradigm for spatial and fibre-type selective vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was developed using realistic structural topography and tested in an isolated segment of a porcine cervical left vagus nerve (LVN). A spiral cuff (cuff) containing a matrix of ninety-nine electrodes was developed for selective VNS. A quasitrapezoidal stimulating pulse (stimulus) was applied to the LVN via an appointed group of three electrodes (triplet). The triplet and stimulus were configured to predominantly stimulate the B-fibres, minimizing stimulation of the A-fibres and by-passing the stimulation of the C-fibres. To assess which fibres made the most probable contribution to the neural response (NR) during selective VNS, the distribution of conduction velocity (CV) within the LVN was considered. Experimental testing of the paradigm showed the existence of certain parameters and waveforms of the stimulus, for which the contribution of the A-fibres to the NR was slightly reduced and that of the B-fibres was slightly enlarged. The cuff provided satisfactory fascicle discrimination in selective VNS as well as satisfactory fascicle discrimination during NR recording. However, in the present stage of development, fibre-type VNS remained rather limited.

scholarly journals ON THE DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF STIMULATION OF THE TWO VAGUS NERVES ON RATE AND CONDUCTION OF THE DOG'S HEART

1912 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred E. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Heart Block ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Chronotropic Effect ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Negative Chronotropic Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

It may be concluded from the results obtained in these experiments : 1. That stimulation of the right vagus nerve in the dog usually causes arrest of all the chambers of the heart. 2. That stimulation of the left vagus nerve exerts a moderate negative chronotropic effect on the auricles. 3. That stimulation of the left vagus nerve has a profound effect on the conduction of impulses over the auriculoventricular system. 4. That the degree of effect exercised on the auriculoventricular system by stimulation of the left vagus nerve varies. In some dogs conduction is depressed to an extent which causes only a delay in the conduction of impulses from auricles to ventricles (P-R time) ; in other dogs the conduction is depressed to a degree which results in incomplete heart-block; while in still other dogs conduction is so depressed that although the auricles continue to contract, no impulses pass from them to the ventricles. 5. That when stimulation of either the right or left vagus nerve causes asystole of nomotopic ventricular contractions, ectopic ventricular contractions may occur. 6. That the time which elapses before ectopic ventricular contractions occur depends upon the irritability of the ventricular muscle, and this may vary in different dogs. 7. That stimulation of the left vagus nerve may rarely cause sino-auricular block. Possibly stimulation of the right nerve may also produce this effect. 8. That there is consequently usually a great qualitative difference in the action of the two vagus nerves on the heart of the dog.

Selective stimulation of the ferret abdominal vagus nerve with multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Shulgach ◽  
Dylan W. Beam ◽  
Ameya C. Nanivadekar ◽  
Derek M. Miller ◽  
Stephanie Fulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Selective Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Cuff ◽  
Cuff Electrodes ◽  
Nerve Cuff Electrodes ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractDysfunction and diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are a major driver of medical care. The vagus nerve innervates and controls multiple organs of the GI tract and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could provide a means for affecting GI function and treating disease. However, the vagus nerve also innervates many other organs throughout the body, and off-target effects of VNS could cause major side effects such as changes in blood pressure. In this study, we aimed to achieve selective stimulation of populations of vagal afferents using a multi-contact cuff electrode wrapped around the abdominal trunks of the vagus nerve. Four-contact nerve cuff electrodes were implanted around the dorsal (N=3) or ventral (N=3) abdominal vagus nerve in six ferrets, and the response to stimulation was measured via a 32-channel microelectrode array (MEA) inserted into the nodose ganglion. Selectivity was characterized by the ability to evoke responses in MEA channels through one bipolar pair of cuff contacts but not through the other bipolar pair. We demonstrated that is was possible to selectively activate subpopulations of vagal afferents using abdominal VNS. Additionally, we quantified the conduction velocity of evoked responses to determine what types of nerve fibers (i.e. Aδ vs. C) responded to stimulation. We also quantified the spatial organization of evoked responses in the nodose MEA to determine if there is somatotopic organization of the neurons in that ganglion. Finally, we demonstrated in a separate set of three ferrets that stimulation of the abdominal vagus via a four-contact cuff could selectively alter gastric myoelectric activity, suggesting that abdominal VNS can potentially be used to control GI function.

Selective stimulation of the vagus nerve in a man

2009 ◽  
pp. 1628-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Pečlin ◽  
I. Kneževič ◽  
T. Mirkovič ◽  
B. Geršak ◽  
I. Radan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Selective Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals THE RELATION OF THE AURICULAR ACTIVITY FOLLOWING FARADIZATION OF THE DOG'S AURICLE TO ABNORMAL AURICULAR ACTIVITY IN MAN

1913 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-714
Author(s):  
G. Canby Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Vagus Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Stimulation ◽  
Cardiac Disorders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The tumultuous auricular activity which follows faradization of the auricles of mammals and which has been variously described, could be distinctly seen to consist almost constantly in our experiments on dogs of true fibrillatory movements of the separate muscle fibers coëxisting with a rapid auricular tachycardia. During peripheral stimulation of the right vagus nerve the true fibrillation alone existed, the tachycardia being inhibited. A comparison of the electrocardiograms from dogs with this abnormal auricular activity with those from patients with the type of cardiac arhythmia which has been attributed to auricular fibrillation, and from patients with so called auricular flutter, indicates that the auricular activity in patients with either of these conditions differs somewhat from that usually seen in the faradized auricles of the dog in our experiments. The auricular activity of the cases of cardiac arhythmia is apparently true fibrillation, similar to that seen in the faradized auricles of the dog during right vagus stimulation. The electrocardiograms from cases of so called auricular flutter usually give no evidence of auricular fibrillation, and the auricular activity seems to consist of tachycardia alone. Fibrillation may apparently coëxist with the tachycardia in some cases, when the auricular activity seems to resemble closely that usually seen in the dog after auricular faradization. During peripheral stimulation of the left vagus nerve, the electrocardiograms obtained after auricular faradization show changes which render them more nearly similar to those obtained from patients with auricular flutter. The facts that the auricular activity of the faradized auricles of the dog may apparently pass spontaneously into that closely resembling auricular flutter in man, that it may be changed into true fibrillation by right vagus stimulation, and that the abnormal auricular activity in man passes from a state of flutter to that of fibrillation in a similar manner, may be taken as evidence for the belief that auricular fibrillation and auricular flutter in man are closely allied cardiac disorders.

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