scholarly journals Differential protein metabolism and regeneration in hypertrophic diaphragm and atrophic gastrocnemius muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yan ◽  
Xuli Gao ◽  
Qiaohua Niu ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Differential Protein ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

scholarly journals Differential protein metabolism and regeneration in hypertrophic diaphragm and atrophic gastrocnemius muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yan ◽  
Xuli Gao ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xiufeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

AbstractWhether differences in regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration are involved in the different phenotypic adaptation mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in hibernators? Two fast-type muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) in summer active and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels were selected to detect changes in cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber type distribution, and protein expression indicative of protein synthesis metabolism (protein expression of P-Akt, P-mTORC1, P-S6K1, and P-4E-BP1), protein degradation metabolism (MuRF1, atrogin-1, calpain-1, calpain-2, calpastatin, desmin, troponin T, Beclin1, and LC3-II), and muscle regeneration (MyoD, myogenin, and myostatin). Results showed the CSA of the diaphragm muscle increased significantly by 26.1%, whereas the CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly by 20.4% in the hibernation group compared with the summer active group. Both muscles displayed a significant fast-to-slow fiber-type transition in hibernation. Our study further indicated that increased protein synthesis, decreased protein degradation, and increased muscle regeneration potential contributed to diaphragm muscle hypertrophy, whereas decreased protein synthesis, increased protein degradation, and decreased muscle regeneration potential contributed to gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the differences in muscle regeneration and regulatory pattern of protein metabolism may contribute to the different adaptive changes observed in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles of ground squirrels.

Gluconeogenesis in arctic ground squirrels between periods of hibernation

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Galster ◽  
PR Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Major Energy Source ◽  
Arctic Ground Squirrels ◽  
Gluconeogenic Substrate

The hibernation season in the arctic ground squirrel (Citellus undulatus) is broken into 8- to 18- day cycles by short homeothermal periods during which the carboydrate reserves depleted during hibernation are replenished. This study follows a number of metabolities in tissues and body fluids to assess the sources for reconstitution of the glucose reserves: lactate, urea, ammonia, free fatty acid, glycerol, triglyceride, and glucose in plasma; glycogen in liver and muscle; and urea and ammonia nitrogen in urine. Fat is the major energy source during both homeothermal and heterothermal periods, the contribution from glucose being limited to glycolysis. Reconstitution of glycogen is accomplished prior to reentry through maximal use of substrates from all sources including glycolysis, fat, and protein metabolism. Of the new gluconeogenic substrate, one-fourth is supplied from protein and three-fourths from fat.

Differential Protein Metabolism and Gene Expression in Tomato Fruit during Wounding Stress1

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni A. Mehta ◽  
Barbara L. Parsons ◽  
Arkesh M. Mehta ◽  
Hira L. Nakhasi ◽  
Autar K. Mattoo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Differential Protein

scholarly journals The action of the β-agonist clenbuterol on protein metabolism in innervated and denervated phasic muscles

1989 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Maltin ◽  
S M Hay ◽  
M I Delday ◽  
G E Lobley ◽  
P J Reeds
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Denervated Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

1. Clenbuterol treatment in innervated and denervated phasic extensor digitorum longus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles from rats caused a significant increase in RNA and protein contents in all muscles except denervated extensor digitorum longus. 2. All muscles showed an increase in the fractional rate of protein synthesis (Ks) with clenbuterol, but the temporal response varied. 3. The data suggest that the effect of clenbuterol on protein metabolism in innervated muscles is muscle-type specific, and demonstrate the homology of response for denervated muscles.

Effects of alimentary factors on intensity of protein metabolism in hens

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
B. Ya. Kyryliv ◽  
◽  
A. V. Hunchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SARCOPENIA PATHOGENESIS IN CHRONOC KIDNEY DISEASE: INTEGRATED ROLE OF mTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Gasanov
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
End Stage

In recent decades, the main pathogenetic mechanisms for maintaining muscle mass and strength have been discovered. Most of the scientific papers on the molecular aspects of the  pathogenesis of sarcopenia were focused on the Akt-signaling  pathway. The subject of the study were people of elderly and senile  age, immobilized patients, patients with CKD 1-4 stages, animals. However, recently more attention has been paid to the role  of protein – the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR. It seems to be a key link in the control of muscle mass and is a promising  marker in understanding the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of  sarcopenia. Its importance in protein metabolism in patients with  end stage kidney disease is not studied and requires further research. The presented scientific review contains  information on the role of mTOR and its components – mTORC1 and mTORC2 in maintaining muscle mass and strength in a healthy  person and in the formation of sarcopenia in patients with CKD. The  general aid of mTORC1 complex is regulation of protein production  which is necessary for cell growth and differentiation. mTORC2  complex functions are not enough studied. It is established that it  plays important role in such biological processes as cytoskeleton  organization, intracellular homeostasis maintaining, so it provides  cell resistance and cell survivability in negative external and internal  impulses. mTOR protein can be considered as promising molecular  marker in diagnostics of protein metabolism early disturbances in  patients with CKD and also as additory factor of sarcopenia severity assessment.

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