Does the iontophoretic application of bretylium tosylate modulate sweating during exercise in the heat in habitually trained and untrained men?

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1692-1699
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Amano ◽  
Shin Sekihara ◽  
Naoto Fujii ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
Yoshimitsu Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iontophoretic Application

Synaptic transmission and its duplication by focally applied acetylcholine in parasympathetic neurons in the heart of the frog

1971 ◽  
Vol 177 (1049) ◽  
pp. 509-539 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Neuronal Membrane ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Iontophoretic Application ◽  
Synaptic Boutons ◽  
Synaptic Transmitter

Synaptic transmission has been analysed in parasympathetic nerve cells that lie in the transparent interatrial septum of the heart of the frog. Using Nomarski interference optics, one can see much cellular detail, including synaptic boutons in living preparations. 1. On each ganglion cell, the 10 to 20 synaptic boutons are usually derived from a single vagal nerve fibre. These fibres branch extensively to innervate a number of septal ganglion cells. 2. The chemical transmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), liberated by a presynaptic impulse survives for up to 40 ms, setting up an excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) which triggers one and sometimes two action potentials in the postsynaptic cell. The e.p.s.p. is made up of quantal components, as at the neuromuscular junction. 3. Nerve-evoked e.p.s.p.s can be well matched in amplitude and time course by iontophoretic application of ACh to selected areas of the neuronal membrane. In particular, the miniature e.p.s.p., which is due to the focal release of a small quantity of transmitter, was accurately mimicked by iontophoretic application of ACh. By grading the amount of ACh released from an electrode one could also duplicate the wide variety of nerve-evoked postsynaptic discharges of ganglion cells. 4. The permeability changes initiated in the postsynaptic membrane by applied ACh and the synaptic transmitter appear identical, since the ionic fluxes for both responses have the same equilibrium potential. Also, the receptors which react with the synaptic transmitter are desensitized by applied ACh. 5. Cholinesterase inhibitors (Tensilon and Eserine) have a variable action on different cells, with respect both to nerve-evoked and Ach evoked potentials. The reasons for this variation are unclear, and need further study. 6. Miniature e.p.s.p.s resemble analogous potentials at nerve-muscle junctions and other synapses. A significant proportion of the min e.p.s.p.s is released as multiple units. This proportion is increased in high Ca2+, while single units alone occur in a low Ca2+-high Mg2+ environment. 7. The experiments provide information about the release of ACh from nerve terminals and its action on the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. They are in good agreement with analogous studies on skeletal neuromuscular junctions

TRIGEMINAL UNIT RESPONSES TO IONTOPHORETIC APPLICATION OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE

Abstracts ◽  
1978 ◽  
pp. 738 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Henry ◽  
R.K. Andersen ◽  
J.P. Lund ◽  
E. Puil
Keyword(s):  
Iontophoretic Application

The roles of GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition on binaural processing in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the mustache bat

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1999-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yang ◽  
G. D. Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Tone Burst ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Lateral Lemniscus ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
Iontophoretic Application ◽  
Monaural Stimulation ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Glycinergic Inhibition ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. We studied the monaural and binaural response properties of 99 neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) of the mustache bat before and during the iontophoretic application of antagonists that blocked gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors (bicuculline) or glycine receptors (strychnine). All cells were driven by monaural stimulation of the contralateral ear, whereas monaural stimulation of the ipsilateral ear never evoked discharges. The binaural properties of 81 neurons were determined by holding the intensity constant at the contralateral ear and presenting a variety of intensities to the ipsilateral ear. This procedure generated interaural intensity disparity (IID) functions and allowed us to determine the effect of ipsilaterally evoked inhibition on a constant excitatory drive evoked by the contralateral ear. 2. One of the main findings is that the IID functions in the majority of DNLL neurons were not affected by application of either strychnine or bicuculline. Blocking glycinergic inhibition with strychnine had no effect on the IID functions in 75% of the cells studied. However, strychnine did change the IID functions in approximately 25% of the DNLL population. In those cells glycinergic inhibition appeared to be partially, or, in a few cases, entirely responsible for the ipsilaterally evoked spike suppression. In contrast, blocking GABAergic inhibition with bicuculline had no discernible effect on the ipsilaterally evoked spike suppression in any of the excitatory/inhibitory cells that we recorded. GABAergic inhibition, therefore, plays no role in the formation of IID functions of neurons in the DNLL. Furthermore, the results suggest that glycinergic inhibition also does not contribute to the suppression of spikes evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear in the vast majority of DNLL neurons. 3. Although the majority of IID functions were not influenced when either GABAergic or glycinergic innervation was blocked, ipsilateral stimulation alone evoked both a glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition in most DNLL cells. These inhibitory events were demonstrated in 18 other cells by evoking discharges with the iontophoretic application of glutamate. Stimulating the ipsilateral ear alone under these conditions caused a suppression of the glutamate-evoked discharges. Furthermore, the spike suppression persisted for a period of time that was longer than the duration of the tone burst at the ipsilateral ear. 4. The application of bicuculline or strychnine had different effects on the glutamate-elicited spikes. Bicuculline reduced the duration of the inhibition, and it was always the latter portion of the inhibition that was abolished by bicuculline. In more than half of the cells studied strychnine also reduced the duration of the inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals ALTERATION OF MEDULLARY RESPIRATORY UNIT DISCHARGE BY IONTOPHORETIC APPLICATION OF PUTATIVE NEUROTRANSMITTERS

1978 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD B. KIRSTEN ◽  
J. SATAYAVIVAD ◽  
WALTER M. JOHN ◽  
S.C. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Unit Discharge ◽  
Iontophoretic Application

Iontophoretic Application of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid on Crayfish Muscle

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 203 (4949) ◽  
pp. 1074-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA TAKEUCHI ◽  
NORIKO TAKEUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Crayfish Muscle ◽  
Iontophoretic Application

Iontophoretic application of NMDA produces different types of excitatory responses in developing human cortical and caudate neurons

1991 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cepeda ◽  
Warwick Peacock ◽  
Michael S. Levine ◽  
Nathaniel A. Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Iontophoretic Application ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Excitatory Responses

Rat hypothalamic neuron responses in amino acid ingestion behavior and by iontophoretic application of amino acids

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Eiichi Tabuchi ◽  
Kunio Torii ◽  
Tenroku Shu ◽  
Taketoshi Ono ◽  
Kenichiro Muramoto
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hypothalamic Neuron ◽  
Iontophoretic Application
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