scholarly journals Endocrine regulation of gut function - a role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dervla O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Resveratrol in pandemic: irritable bowel syndrome and obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
А.А. Пальцын ◽  
Н.Б. Свиридкина
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
White Fat

Ресвератрол - полифенол, присутствующий во многих ягодах, фруктах, орехах - объект многих тысяч публикаций, в большинстве которых описываются его положительные влияния на различные аспекты здоровья, и даже на продолжительность жизни. В лекции обсуждаются данные о возможности и механизмах профилактического и лечебного действия содержащегося в пище ресвератрола при двух пандемиях: синдроме раздражённого кишечника и ожирении. В публикациях указывается, что около 90% поглощённого с пищей ресвератрола в неизменённом виде достигает толстого кишечника. Здесь ресвератрол включается в метаболизм микробиоты. Бактериологический анализ результатов его действия обнаруживает существенные изменения в количественном соотношении нескольких видов бактерий. Этими изменениями сегодня объясняют многочисленные благоприятные для здоровья результаты приема ресвератрола: стимулируется синтез глюкагоноподобного пептида-1; стимулируется секреция инсулина, снижается концентрация глюкозы в крови; нормализуется липидный обмен; подавляется воспаление; увеличивается синтез короткоцепочечных жирных кислот (бутирата); ускоряется превращение белого жира в бурый. Описаны антиобесогенный, антидиабетический, антиоксидантный, антивоспалительный, антивозрастной, антиатерогенный, антигипертензивный, кардиопротективный, антираковый эффекты ресвератрола. Исследования действия ресвератрола демонстрируют мощное и разностороннее влияние кишечной микробиоты на качество и продолжительность жизни. Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in many berries, fruits, and nuts. It has been addressed in many thousands of publications, most of which describe its positive effects on various aspects of health and even on life expectancy. This review discusses possibilities and mechanisms of preventive and therapeutic actions of dietary resveratrol in two pandemics, irritable bowel syndrome and obesity. It has been reported that about 90% of resveratrol consumed with food reaches the large intestine unchanged and includes into metabolism of the gut microbiota. Bacteriological analysis of the resveratrol effect reveals significant changes in quantitative ratios of several types of bacteria. These changes are currently considered to account for numerous health benefits of resveratrol supplementation, such as stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 synthesis and insulin production; decrease in blood glucose; improvement of lipid metabolism; suppression of inflammation; increased synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (butyrate); and accelerated conversion of white fat into brown fat. Also, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-atherogenic, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, and anticancer effects of resveratrol are described. Research into the effects of resveratrol demonstrates powerful and versatile effects of gut microbiota on quality of life and longevity.

Effect of a glucagon-like peptide 1 analog, ROSE-010, on GI motor functions in female patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. G120-G128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Maria Vazquez-Roque ◽  
Johanna Iturrino ◽  
Amy Boldingh ◽  
Duane Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Gastric Accommodation ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog ROSE-010 reduced pain during acute exacerbations of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our objective was to assess effects of ROSE-010 on several gastrointestinal (GI) motor and bowel functions in constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). In a single-center, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study, we evaluated safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics in female patients with IBS-C. ROSE-010 (30, 100, or 300 μg sc) or matching placebo was administered once daily for 3 consecutive days and on 1 day 2–10 days later. We measured GI and colonic transit by validated scintigraphy and gastric volumes by single-photon emission computed tomography. The primary end points were half time of gastric emptying of solids, colonic transit geometric center at 24 h, and gastric accommodation volume. Analysis included intent-to-treat principle, analysis of covariance (with body mass index as covariate), and Dunnett-Hsu test for multiple comparisons. Exposure to ROSE-010 was approximately dose-proportional across the dose range tested. Demographic data in four treatment groups of female IBS-C patients (total 46) were not different. Gastric emptying was significantly retarded by 100 and 300 μg of ROSE-010. There were no significant effects of ROSE-010 on gastric volumes, small bowel or colonic transit at 24 h, or bowel functions. The 30- and 100-μg doses accelerated colonic transit at 48 h. Adverse effects were nausea ( P < 0.001 vs. placebo) and vomiting ( P = 0.008 vs. placebo). Laboratory safety results were not clinically significant. In IBS-C, ROSE-010 delayed gastric emptying of solids but did not retard colonic transit or alter gastric accommodation; the accelerated colonic transit at 48 h with 30 and 100 μg of ROSE-010 suggests potential for relief of constipation in IBS-C.

scholarly journals Gut Microbial Metabolites and Biochemical Pathways Involved in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Effects of Diet and Nutrition on the Microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1012-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanalee C James ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Wayne Young ◽  
Warren C McNabb ◽  
Nicole C Roy
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The food we consume and its interactions with the host and their gut microbiota affect normal gut function and health. Functional gut disorders (FGDs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), can result from negative effects of these interactions, leading to a reduced quality of life. Certain foods exacerbate or reduce the severity and prevalence of FGD symptoms. IBS can be used as a model of perturbation from normal gut function with which to study the impact of foods and diets on the severity and symptoms of FGDs and understand how critical processes and biochemical mechanisms contribute to this impact. Analyzing the complex interactions between food, host, and microbial metabolites gives insights into the pathways and processes occurring in the gut which contribute to FGDs. The following review is a critical discussion of the literature regarding metabolic pathways and dietary interventions relevant to FGDs. Many metabolites, for example bile acids, SCFAs, vitamins, amino acids, and neurotransmitters, can be altered by dietary intake, and could be valuable for identifying perturbations in metabolic pathways that distinguish a “normal, healthy” gut from a “dysfunctional, unhealthy” gut. Dietary interventions for reducing symptoms of FGDs are becoming more prevalent, but studies investigating the underlying mechanisms linked to host, microbiome, and metabolite interactions are less common. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the recent literature to assist with further progression of research in this field.

V. Stress and irritable bowel syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. G519-G524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeran A. Mayer ◽  
Bruce D. Naliboff ◽  
Lin Chang ◽  
Santosh V. Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Different types of stress play important roles in the onset and modulation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The physiological effects of psychological and physical stressors on gut function and brain-gut interactions are mediated by outputs of the emotional motor system in terms of autonomic, neuroendocrine, attentional, and pain modulatory responses. IBS patients show an enhanced responsiveness of this system manifesting in altered modulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and in alterations in the perception of visceral events. Functional brain imaging techniques are beginning to identify brain circuits involved in the perceptual alterations. Animal models have recently been proposed that mimic key features of the human syndrome.

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