ETHANOL SEPARATION USING SEPABEADS207 ADSORBENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazin Abdulhusein Beden ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Ethanol Adsorption ◽  
Ethanol Separation

This work was aimed at evaluating the ethanol separation using Sepabeads207 adsorbent. A 10 wt% of ethanol solution was used as a model fermentation broth. The separation of ethanol from the solution was performed in a tube containing Sepabeads207 at different operating conditions: temperatures, 20 to 40oC; solution pH, 4 to 7; and contact times, 5 to 25 minutes. Recovery of ethanol via stripping was studied between 15 and 35 minutes, and at different air temperatures of 80 to 95oC. The concentration of liquid ethanol was measured using gas chromatography and refractometer. A higher ethanol concentration by Sepabeads207 adsorption was obtained at 20oC and solution pH 4 for 5 minutes, while the recovery was performed better at 80oC for 15 minutes. By applying these conditions, 10 wt% of ethanol in the solution was concentrated to 46 wt%. The ethanol adsorption data are: i). capacity of 0.22 g ethanol/g adsorbent, ii). selectivity of 7.75 (g ethanol/g water (adsorbed)) / (g ethanol/g water (original solution)), and iii). efficiency of 100%. Sepabeads207 is a promising adsorbent for ethanol separation from the dilute ethanol solution.

PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF FIXED-TRAY, SEMI-CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION COLUMN FOR ETHANOL SEPARATION FROM WATER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Atirah Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Distillation Column ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Parametric Investigation ◽  
Tray Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Distillation ◽  
Ethanol Separation

This work was aimed to evaluate the parameters affecting the separation of model fermentation broth (7 mole% ethanol) using 10-tray, semi-continuous distillation column. Ethanol compositions in distillate and bottoms were determined at different reflux ratios and feed locations. Results show that the distillation of lower ethanol concentration is better carried out at higher reflux ratio with feed charged at the middle or bottom tray for good overall tray efficiency. The distillation unit is able to purify the feed to 78 mole% ethanol in distillate. Through trial-and-error stepping off, about 81 mole% was predicted as optimum ethanol purity at reflux ratio of 2.33, while a lower reflux ratio of 1.44 was estimated for 78 mole%.  Fixed-tray, semi-continuous distillation is a suitable option to concentrate fermentation broth with sufficient ethanol purity. 

Enhanced adsorption of nitrate from water by modified wheat straw: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Mehdinejadiani ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Amininasab ◽  
Leila Manhooei
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Competing Anions ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
General Order ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption

Abstract This study represents the first attempt to chemically modify wheat straw (WS) using 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS) and (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) (DABCO). Field emission scanning electron micrographs (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the successful morphological and structural modification of WS and the thermal stability of the modified WS (MWS). The MWS was used to remove nitrate from water. The optimum conditions of nitrate adsorption onto MWS were examined by conducting batch experiments. The results indicated that 85% of nitrate was removed under the conditions of initial nitrate concentration = 20 mg L−1, initial solution pH = 7, contact time = 10 min, MWS dosage = 2 g L−1 and temperature ≈ 25 °C. The kinetic adsorption data were best fitted to the general order model and the adsorption process occurred in three distinct stages. The equilibrium adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm. Additionally, separation factor values were smaller than 1, implying that the adsorption process was favorable. The presence of competing anions impeded the nitrate adsorption in the order of sulfate > chloride > bicarbonate> phosphate. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process was exothermic, feasible and spontaneous in nature. Overall, the MWS could achieve efficient removal of nitrate under the simplest operating conditions.

Effects of Air Temperature on Combustion Characteristics of LPG Diffusion Flame

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Salman ◽  
Ibrahim A. Ibrahim ◽  
Hamada M. Gad ◽  
Tharwat M. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Wide Range

In the present study, the combustion characteristics of LPG gaseous fuel diffusion flame at elevated air temperatures were experimentally investigated. An experimental test rig was manufactured to examine a wide range of operating conditions. The investigated parameters are the air temperatures of 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 K with constant percentage of nitrogen addition in combustion air stream of 5 % to give low oxygen concentration of 18.3 % by mass at constant air swirl number, air to fuel mass ratio, and thermal load of 1.5, 30, and 23 kW, respectively. The gaseous combustion characteristics were represented as axial and radial temperatures distributions, temperatures gradient, visible flame length and species concentrations. The results indicated that as the air temperature increased, the chemical reaction rate increased and flame volume decreased, the combustion time reduced leading to a reduction in flame length. The NO concentration reaches its maximum values near the location of the maximum centerline axial temperature. Increasing the combustion air temperature by 200 K, the NO consequently O2 concentrations are increased by about % 355 and 20 % respectively, while CO2 and CO concentrations are decreased by about % 21 and 99 % respectively, at the combustor end.

scholarly journals Color Stability of Phycoerythrin Crude Extract (PECE) from Rhodomonas Salina Toward Physicochemical Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Endar Marraskuranto ◽  
Tri Joko Raharjo ◽  
Rina Sri Kasiamdari ◽  
Tri Rini Nuringtyas
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Rhodomonas Salina ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
The Stability

Rhodomonas salina produces Cr-phycoerythrin545 as its designated phycoerythrin (PE) with an absorption maximum at 545 nm and a shoulder 564 nm. PE has potential to be applied as colorants, pharmaceutical agents, and fluorescent dye tags. The stability of the PE color is influenced by the physicochemical factors of the solution. This study aimed to analyze the color stability of PECE against chemical (ethanol and pH) and physical (light and temperature) factors. PECE was prepared from freeze-dried biomass of R. salina and was extracted in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.0) using a freeze-thaw method in -25 oC (2 hours) and 4 oC (24 hours). The resulting extract was concentrated and dried in a freeze-dryer. Analyses were conducted using UV-visible and fluorescence spectrophotometer. PECE showed color stability against light of white fluorescent lamp exposure up to 8 hours, temperature exposure up to 40 oC, ethanol solution up to concentration of 20 % (v/v), and pH range 3.9-8.42. Results from this study can be useful for extraction, purification, and future application of Cr-PE545.

scholarly journals Extraction of resinoids from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L): I. Efficiency and optimization of extraction

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milenovic ◽  
Vlada Veljkovic ◽  
Branimir Todorovic ◽  
Miomir Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Full Factorial

The extraction of resinoids from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L) was studied in a series of two papers. In the first part, the effects of the operating conditions on the yield of resinoids (total extract) were analyzed, while the mathematical models of extraction kinetics were compared in the second one. The extraction was carried out using an aqueous solution of ethanol (70 and 95 % v/v) at a hydromodulus (plant material to solvent ratio, w/v) of 1:5 or 1:10. The plant material was disintegrated and divided into three fractions (mean particle size: 0.23, 0.57 and 1.05 mm). The temperature was 25, 50 or about 80?C (boiling temperature). A higher yield of resinoids was obtained when the plant material of greater disintegration degree (0.23 mm) was treated with 70% v/v aqueous ethanol solution at higher hydromoduli (1:10) and temperatures (80?C). The effects of the operating factors on the yield of resinoids were estimated by using both the full factorial experimental plan 24 and artificial neuronic networks (ANN) of 3-4-1 topology. Of the two methods, the ANN one was found to be advantageous because of its capability of estimating the yield of resinoids in the whole range of the applied operating conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of active sludge and aquatic ferns usage for removal of zinc in a biological wastewater treatment system

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Amir Hajiali ◽  
Lacramioara Diana Robescu
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Aquatic Fern

In this research capability of biological treatment method via active sludge and aquatic fern evaluated in different operating conditions and they were optimized in order to remove Zn (II). A simple reactor performance for treatment of model and real wastewater on laboratory and semi-industrial scale was investigated. This refining process proceeded with special attention to the effect of solution pH-value, pollutant concentration, absorbent concentration and reaction time. The batch semi-industrial scale reactor represented over 90 % removal efficiency under pH-value of 6 and 5-5.5 for aquatic ferns and active sludge, respectively. Effective reaction times represented various durations for aquatic ferns and active sludge with respect of 120 minutes and 90 minutes. The two biological masses had the best performances with 6 g/l for aquatic ferns and 5 g/l for active sludge. In the presence of 5 ppm of Zn (II) as the objective heavy metal, both absorbents had over 93.2 % removal efficiencies. While obviously laboratory-scale attempts introduced higher acceptable reduction efficiencies via this economic applicable treatment method. Additionally, economic considerations clarified feasibility of this recommended simple method.

scholarly journals Local wheat peel as a solid surface to remove Azure B dye from aqueous solution:Equilibrium isotherms and thermodynamic study

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Phenomenon ◽  
Azure B ◽  
Adsorbent Surface ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy

In this research local wheat peel was used as an adsorbent surface for removal of Azure B (AB) dye from the aqueous solution. The adsorption process was performed at different experimental parameters, equilibrium time, temperature, ionic strength and solution pH. The isotherms of adsorption are of H-type as compared with Giles curves and the adsorption data were coincide with Freundlich equation. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo- first and second order kinetic models. The effect of temperature was studied and the amount of dye adsorbed was found to increase with the increasing of temperature from 25 to 50 oC. The values of thermodynamic functions like enthalpy and entropy have been estimated. The quantity of adsorbed dye on the wheat peel increase according to the sequence follows: pH 9.3? 8 ? 7 ?6 ?5.2.The adsorption phenomenon is influenced by the sodium chloride concentration of solution. The obtained data refer to a decrease in amount of Azure B adsorbed in the existence of electrolyte.

Developing of Polypyrrole Coating on Rotating Steel Cylinder for Improving its Corrosion Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. El-Shazly ◽  
H.A. Al-Turaif
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Sodium Tartrate ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Pyrrole Monomer

This work investigates the possibility of using polypyrrole (PPy) coating for improving the corrosion resistance of rotating cylinder subjected to saline solution. Galvanostatic technique was used for layer formation under different conditions of current density, pyrrole monomer concentration, sodium tartrate concentration and solution pH. The potentiodynamic technique was used for examination of PPy coated steel in corrosive medium composed of 3.5%NaCl under different rotating speed ranging from 200 to 1000 rpm. The formed PPy layer was investigated for its corrosion resistance using 3.5% NaCl solution under different rotational speed using the potentiodynamic technique. The preliminary results showed that coating steel with polypyrrole layer under different rotational speed can improve its corrosion resistance by a factor ranging from 1.2 to 1.88 depending on the operating conditions

scholarly journals Adsorption Behaviors of Oxytetracycline onto Sediment in the Weihe River, Shaanxi, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hui Cheng ◽  
Sheng-Ke Yang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
The Impact

Adsorption behaviors of oxytetracycline onto sediment in the Weihe River were described. The impact factors in the processes of adsorption, such as contact time, solution pH, temperature, and ionic strength, were determined by experiments. The experimental results were analyzed by kinetic and isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow a pseudo-first-order model. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. However, the Langmuir isotherm was more suitable to describe the adsorption. Thermodynamics parameters such as Gibbs-free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°), and entropy change (ΔS°) were calculated. Results showed that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, entropy increasing, and endothermic in nature, which reached equilibrium in about 24 hours. The adsorption capacity did not cause obvious change at solution pH 4.0–7.0, and both decreased in solution pH 7.0–10.0 and 4.0–2.0. The presence of electrolytes such as NaCl in aqueous solution had a significant negative effect on the adsorption. The mechanisms controlling the adsorption were supposed to be chemisorption.

Experimental Investigation of a Lab-Scale, Cross-Flow Grain Dryer for Testing of Drying Efficiency and Characteristic Profiles of a Packed Bed

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor N. Suess ◽  
Michael P. Twedt ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Drying Efficiency

This study investigates the drying mechanisms of corn when it is exposed to air at elevated temperature and velocity within a cross-flow packed bed dryer. A highly-instrumented laboratory-scale experimental test dryer was constructed to batch-dry samples of 0.03 m3 (1 ft3) of high moisture corn. This is achieved using a perforated wall drying chamber with forced air at temperatures ranging from 180–240°F. The high temperature, high velocity air entering the column is supplied by a variable speed fan and a variable Wattage electric heating coil through a 0.09 m2 (1 ft2) square air duct. This device is able to precisely control the drying air temperate and flow rate, while also measuring the temperature and humidity of the air exiting the dryer. In creating and instrumenting this apparatus, tests were performed to analyze both energy use and drying rate to determine the operating conditions that find a balance between energy and time requirements for moisture removal. This study used a variety of supply air temperatures and air flow rates in drying samples of corn at two initial moisture contents (19%MC and 24%MC) to 15%MC. This is done to determine if there are notable differences in energy requirements (Btu/pound water removed) between different operating conditions. This study determined that corn undergoes a significant pre-heating process before peak drying efficiency is achieved. Current grain dryer designs should focus the most energy just after that pre-heating process for highest overall efficiencies. Additionally, this study found an inverse relationship between dry time and energy efficiency, which showed that an optimum balance between those two factors should be identified.

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