GEOLOGICAL STUDY AND MINING PLAN IMPORTANCE FOR MITIGATING ALKALI SILICA REACTION IN AGGREGATE QUARRY OPERATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edy Tonnizam Mohamad ◽  
Bhatawdekar Ramesh Murlidhara ◽  
Mohd Nur Asmawisham Bin Alel ◽  
Danial Jahed Armaghani
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Mine Plan

More than 80 million tonnes of construction aggregate are produced in Peninsular Malaysia. Majority of construction aggregate are produced from granite. Developing regions of Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Selangar utilize granite aggregates. Normally it is considered aggregates as non-alkali reactive. Geological study can identify various rock types, geological structures, and reactive minerals which contribute to Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). Deformed granites formed through faulting results in reduction of quartz grain size. Microcrystalline quartz and phyllosilicates are found in granites in contact with country rocks. Secondary reactive minerals such as chalcedony and opal may be found in granite. Alkali Silica reaction is slow chemical reaction in concrete due to reactive silica minerals in aggregates, alkalis in cement and moisture. For long term durable concrete, it is essential to identify potential alkali silica reactive aggregates. Lack of identifying reactive aggregates may result spalling, cracking in concrete and ultimately ASR can result in hazard to concrete structure. This paper deals with geological study of any aggregate quarry to identify rock type and geological structures with laboratory test –petrographic analysis and bar mortar test can identify type of aggregates being produced. Mine plan with Surpac software can be developed for systematic working for aggregate quarry to meet construction aggregate demand.

scholarly journals Quartzite Mining Waste: Diagnosis of ASR Alkali-Silica Reaction in Mortars and Portland Cement Concrete

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7642
Author(s):  
Ivan Francklin ◽  
Rogério Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando Augusto Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Reactive Behavior ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Mitigation Methods

The main objective was to determine the deleterious potential of quartzite mining tailings subjected to different ASR alkali–silica reaction tests. The studies included petrographic analysis, chemical analysis of cements, expansion tests in mortar bars and concrete prisms, and microstructural analysis. Petrographic analysis of quartzites indicated high percentages of deformed quartz (95%), and were classified as potentially reactive. Two types of HES high early strength cement with alkaline equivalents of 0.749% and 0.61%, respectively, were selected. Of the 8 samples analyzed by the accelerated method in mortars, only 2 quartzite samples and 1 diabasium sample indicated potentially reactive behavior. The accelerated and long-term methods in concrete prisms proved to be effective and were consistent with the deleterious potential of the samples. All analyzed samples were diagnosed with the ASR gel. In the microstructural analysis, in addition to the ASR products, other expansive products of late ettringite were detected. Reaction mitigation methods are proposed so that quartzite waste can be used as an alternative aggregate in concrete, and thus contribute to the reduction of mine tailings and, consequently, reduce the negative environmental impact from mining.

scholarly journals Flood vulnerability assessment in the Accra Metropolis, southeastern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wullobayi Dekongmen ◽  
Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah ◽  
Martin Kyereh Domfeh ◽  
Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari ◽  
Yihun Taddele Dile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Density ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Density Values ◽  
High Runoff ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Very High

AbstractFloods in Ghana have become a perennial challenge in the major cities and communities located in low-lying areas. Therefore, cities and communities located in these areas have been classified as potential or natural flood-prone zones. In this study, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Accra Metropolis was used to assess the drainage density and elevation patterns of the area. The annual population estimation data and flood damages were assessed to understand the damages and population trend. This research focused primarily on the elevation patterns, slope patterns, and drainage density of the Accra Metropolis. Very high drainage density values, which range between 149 and 1117 m/m2, showed very high runoff converging areas. High drainage density was also found to be in the range of 1117–1702 m/m2, which defined the area as a high runoff converging point. The medium and low converging points of runoff were also found to be ranging between 1702–2563 m/m2 and 2563–4070 m/m2, respectively. About 32% of the study area is covered by natural flood-prone zones, whereas flood-prone zones also covered 33% and frequent flood zones represent 25%. Areas in the Accra Metropolis that fall in the Accraian and Togo series rock types experience high floods. However, the lineament networks (geological structures) that dominate the Dahomeyan series imply that the geological structures in the Dahomeyan series also channel the runoffs into the low-lying areas, thereby contributing to the perennial flooding in the Accra Metropolis.

From the Margins to Centre Stage: ‘Indian’ Demonstration Effects in Malaysia’s Political Landscape

Urban Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bunnell ◽  
S. Nagarajan ◽  
Andrew Willford
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Racial Differentiation

This paper traces senses of injustice among Indian Malaysians which found expression in the ‘illegal’ Hindraf rally in Kuala Lumpur in 2007. While underlying ethnic and racial differentiation has been rendered through law in the post-colonial nation-state, the focus here is on a specific locality: resettlement flats for Indians displaced for the construction of Malaysia’s federal government administrative centre, Putrajaya. Ex-plantation workers are shown to be symbolically peripheral (to the spectacular ‘national landscape’ of Putrajaya) and to have experienced everyday forms of ethnicised marginalisation. The rally in the commercial heart of Kuala Lumpur—involving tens of thousands of Indian Malaysians from across peninsular Malaysia—mobilised what were previously largely localised grievances such as those associated with the Putrajaya estate evictions. It is shown how this ethnic transgression not only contests the ‘second-class’ position of Indians in Malaysia, but may also contribute to a redrawing of the ethnic contours of Malaysia’s legal and political landscape. More broadly, the Hindraf events also serve as a reminder that rights and social justice claims expressed in key urban centres continue to have important national-scale dimensions, even in an ostensibly neo-liberalised global economy.

GIFFEN EFFECT MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1228-1245
Author(s):  
V.I. Tsurikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
Income Individual ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The mathematical model of the Giffen effect proposed in the article clearly demonstrates both the effect itself and the reasons for its manifestation. The main advantages of the model include its extreme simplicity, which opens up access to the widest circle of readers, the use of standard methods for solving the consumer choice problem, and the most important fundamental agreement with the results of the field experiment of Jensen and Miller. The model shows that any good for which there is a more expensive substitute can be of little value. This or that good is endowed with the appropriate property by a particular consumer due to his or her own preferences, income level and prevailing prices. Any good of little value, including those that can only be consumed by a high-income individual, may turn out to be Giffen’s goods. Therefore, the consumption of Giffen’s product cannot be considered as evidence of the low standard of living of the consumer. According to the model, an increase in demand for an increasingly expensive low-value good, which is the essence of the Giffen paradox, is the result of optimizing a set of goods, i.e. the result of rational consumer behavior. It is shown that for the manifestation of the Giffen effect, it is necessary that the amount of funds allocated by the consumer for the purchase of a low-value good and its more expensive substitute falls into a certain rather narrow range of values. The failures of numerous and long-term studies aimed at detecting empirical manifestations of Giffen behavior in various historical events are explained by the fact that the corresponding analysis was carried out on the basis of averaged rather than individual values of demand for all categories of consumers. As a result, the negative slope of the aggregate demand curve turned out to be dominant over the positive sections of certain individual demand curves.

scholarly journals SPATIAL REGENERATION OF MUSLIM BURIAL PRACTICES IN THE METROPOLITAN AREAS OF KUALA LUMPUR AND JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Reza Mohamed Afla
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Burial Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Full Body

This article focuses on the subject of burial practices which are performed by the Muslim population and the management at public cemeteries within the metropolitan areas of Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. This research examines specifically, the conventional way of burial practice by the majority of the Muslim population. Unlike other major religions in Southeast Asia which are more open and flexible in the disposal of corpses, full body burial is mandatory in Islam. In response to the escalating issue of lack of space and land shortage for Muslim cemetery, local authorities of the two metropolitan areas have identified alternatives and solutions in handling these alarming situations. This research has recognised factors that lead to these problems, as well as discussing available methods to overcome these issues. The finding exhibits Muslim cemetery’s layout to be problematic due to abundance of burial practices accumulated by patrons which led to disorganisation of space and claustrophobia. This article concludes by providing proposals and design guidelines at the terrain level, together with recommendations that emphasise the long-term usage of the grave plots.

scholarly journals Observation of the rock slope thermal regime, coupled with crack meter stability monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Racek ◽  
Jan Blahůt ◽  
Filip Hartvich
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
First Results

Abstract. This article describes an innovative, complex and affordable monitoring system designed for joint observation of environmental parameters, rock block dilatations and temperature distribution inside the rock mass with a newly designed 3-meter borehole temperature sensor. Global radiation balance data are provided by pyranometers. The system introduces a novel approach for internal rock mass temperature measurement, which is crucial for the assessment of the changes in the stress field inside the rock slope influencing its stability. The innovative approach uses an almost identical monitoring system at different sites allowing easy setup, modularity and comparison of results. The components of the monitoring system are cheap, off-the-shelf and easy to replace. Using this newly designed system, we are currently monitoring three different sites, where the potential rock fall may endanger society assets below. The first results show differences between instrumented sites, although data time-series are relatively short. Temperature run inside the rock mass differs for each site significantly. This is very likely caused by different aspects of the rock slopes and different rock types. By further monitoring and data processing, using advanced modelling approaches, we expect to explain the differences among the sites, the influence of rock type, aspect and environmental variables on the long-term slope stability.

scholarly journals Petrographic analysis of carbonate rocks for alkali-aggregate reactivity

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar ◽  
Lalu Prasad Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Rock Sample ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Alkali Silica Reactivity ◽  
Alkali Carbonate ◽  
Alkali Aggregate Reactivity

Quality of aggregate is of extreme concern when it is to be used for infrastructures. Besides, many physical and mechanicalproperties of the aggregate, presence or absence of deleterious constituents and alkali-silica reactivity are especially importantwhen aggregates are to be used in concrete structures. High potential of alkali-silica reactivity or alkali-carbonate reactivity andpresence of deleterious constituents may impair the infrastructures.A ledge rock sample from the heap to be taken for crushing was petrographically analysed for alkali-silica reactivity. Inoverall, two rock clans (dolosparstone and dolomicrosparstone) with three sub clans (rock type X, Y and Z) from the sample 2 areidentified. Rock type X (dolosparstone) constitutes 82.94% of the whole sample, and shows notable amount of quartz and calciteveins, and carbonaceous material and hematite on the mosaic of dolospars. Rock types Y (dolosparstone) and Z (dolomicrosparstone)contain trace amount of microquartz, mega quartz (>15 mm) and carbonaceous opaques. The rock type Z is dominantly composedof dolomicrospars. Major portions of all the rock types are characterised by mosaics of dolomite in association with variableamounts of muscovite, quartz, and calcite. Calcite often replaces the mosaics of dolomite and bands of quartz, forming a veinnetworks in rock types X and Y. Silica is represented by a low-temperature mega quartz either in ground or in veins, a trace amountof microquartz in rock types Y and Z. There is no other reactive silica components, thus showing a low potential to alkali-silicareactivity. However, the sample shows potential of alkali-carbonate reactivity as significant proportion of rock type havingdolomicrospars are found.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v14i0.5433Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol.14 2011, pp.15-20

Caracteres petrographiques de l'ophite de Vebre (Ariege)

1965 ◽  
Vol S7-VII (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Ch Riotte ◽  
Jean Thiebaut
Keyword(s):  
Basaltic Magma ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
The Right ◽  
Potassium Enrichment ◽  
Later Phase

Abstract Petrographic analysis of the ophite outcrop on the right bank of the Ariege river, below Vebre, France, shows that the rock is rich in epidote and exhibits pegmatoid differentiation. Three rock types are distinguished--common ophite with variable amounts of epidote; ophite with phlogopite; and pegmatoid rocks with orthoclase. The results of four chemical analyses indicate that the Vebre ophites were affected by pneumatolysis during crystallization from a saturated basaltic magma. The pneumatolysis caused the crystallization of hornblende and, in a later phase of potassium enrichment, the superimposition of orthoclase in the pegmatoid plagioclases and the phlogopite in the hornblende crystals of the ophite.

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