PALEOENVIRONMENT OF BROWN COAL FROM SANGATTA COAL MINES, EAST BORNEO, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulfi Zetra ◽  
Imam B. Sosrowidjojo ◽  
R. Y. Perry Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Different Sources

Organic geochemical studies on brown coal (lignite) located in Inul area were carried out, an area that is located in Sangatta coal mines, East Borneo, which is a part of the Balikpapan formation, aged as old as Middle Miocene to Late Miocene. Aliphatic hydrocarbon biomarker compounds which were identified by using the GC-MS analysis showed a presence of n-alkane (n-C12-n-C36) with bimodal distribution, which described the sources of organic compounds that originated from two different sources. These sources of organic compounds are phytoplankton, zooplankton and higher plants terrestrial. The Pr/Ph ratio of 1.3, the dominance of C31-homohopane and a high ratio of Tm/Ts indicated that the process of peat depositions took place in an oxic environment.  The existence of hopanoid contents showed that there were dominant activities of microbes and biolipids organic compounds such as bb-hopane and hop-17(21)-ene inside the samples of olean-12-ene and a-cadinene, which inidicated that they are organic compounds that came from higher plants such as Angiosperm and immature coals. The existence of 24-ethylcholestene and 5b-cholest-24-ene found in the coal samples, which are categorised as steranes, also indicated a low level of carbonization from the coal itself. 

AROMATIC BIOMARKER FROM BROWN COAL, SANGATTA COALFIELD, EAST BORNEO OF MIDDLE MIOCENE TO LATE MIOCENE AGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulfi Zetra ◽  
Imam B. Sosrowidjojo ◽  
R. Y. Perry Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
High Calorie

A section of the Sangatta coalfield in the Balikpapan formation located in Kutai Basin, East Borneo, Indonesia, is the Inul area, located North of Pinang Dome. This section of the coalmine has coals with low calories (ca. 4379 cal/g), which is why they cannot be used optimally yet. The reasons of using low calorie coals are besides from being used as a mixing ingredient for the blending process of high calorie coals, they are also used to diversify the coals through the process of coal liquefaction (coal to liquid). In order for the coal liquefaction to be processed correctly, there needs to be a study on the geochemistry organics through coal biomarker analysis, particularly on the hydrocarbon aromatic fractions, so that the origins of the coal organic compounds could be known. Biomarker analysis on the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction shows the existence of naphthalene compound groups with sesquiterpenoids skeleton, phenanthrene with diterpenoids, sesterpenoids skeleton and triterpenoids aromatic pentacyclic. The existence of cadalene compound, triterpene pentacyclic monoaromatic, -triaromatic, -tetraaromatic, -pentaaromatic and triterpenoid C-ring cleaved hydrocarbon with oleanane, ursane and lupane skeletons indicated that the source of coal organic compounds were derived from b-amyrin which were produced by Angiospermae plants. The coal biomarkers distribution, particularly the high abundance of triterpenoid pentacyclic triaromatic compound, confirmed the low maturity of the coals which is predicted to profit from the process of liquefaction due to the high contents of their aromatic fractions.

scholarly journals Particle size-dependent fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) and their atmospheric implications on the aging of WSOC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Qin ◽  
Jihua Tan ◽  
Xueming Zhou ◽  
Yanrong Yang ◽  
Yuanyuan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Particle ◽  
Humification Degree ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract. Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) are essential in atmospheric particle formation, migration, and transformation processes. Size-segregated atmospheric particles were collected in a rural area of Beijing. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the sources and optical properties of WSOC. Sophisticated data analysis on EEM data was performed to characteristically estimate the underlying connections among aerosol particles in different sizes. The WSOC concentrations and average fluorescence intensity (AFI) showed monomodal distribution in winter and bimodal distribution in summer, with dominant mode between 0.26 to 0.44 µm for both seasons. The EEM spectra of size-segregated WSOC were different among variant particle sizes, which could be the results of changing sources and/or chemical transformation of organics. Size distributions of fluorescence regional intensity (region Ⅲ and Ⅴ) and HIX indicate that humification degree or aromaticity of WSOC was highest between 0.26 to 0.44 µm. The Stokes shift (SS) and the harmonic mean of the excitation and emission wavelengths (WH) reflected that π-conjugated systems were high between 0.26 to 0.44 µm as well. The parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) results showed that humic-like substances were abundant in fine particles (< 1 µm) and peaked at 0.26–0.44 µm. All evidence supported that the humification degree of WSOC increased in submicron mode (< 0.44 µm) and decreased gradually. Thus, it was conjectured that condensation of organics still goes on in submicron mode, resulting in the highest humification degree exhibit in particle size between 0.26 to 0.44 µm rather than < 0.26 µm. Synthetically analyzing 3-dimensional fluorescence data could efficiently present the secondary transformation processes of WSOC.

VOCC: a database of volatile organic compounds in cancer

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (115) ◽  
pp. 114783-114789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Mohan Agarwal ◽  
Mansi Sharma ◽  
Shehnaz Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Different Sources

Volatile organic compounds in cancer database (VOCC) has been developed, which provides comprehensive information of VOCs distinctly observed in cancer vs. normal from various malignancies and different sources.

scholarly journals Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Ages of Fatty Acids in Marine Sediments from the Western North Pacific

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Uchida ◽  
Yasuyuki Shibata ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Yuichiro Kumamoto ◽  
Minoru Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter

Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of five fatty-acid biomarkers was conducted for marine sediments collected from the western North Pacific. The fatty acids (C12 to C34) showed a typical bimodal distribution pattern with two maxima at C16 and C26. Their carbon isotopic compositions ranged from −25.1‰ (C16) to −31.8‰ (C28), suggesting that they derived from terrestrial higher plants and marine organisms. A large variations of 14C ages were found among the fatty acids detected in the same sedimentary horizon of the core, ranging from 530 BP (C18) to 3250 BP (C28). The results of 14C analysis of fatty acids could be divided into two groups, i.e., lower molecular weight (LMW) fatty acids (C16, C18) derived from marine organisms and higher molecular weight (HMW) fatty acids (C24, C26, C28) derived from terrestrial higher plants. The HMW fatty acids showed older ages, ranging from 2550 BP (C24) to 3250 BP (C28), than LMW fatty acids (530 BP [C18] to 1,820 years BP [C16]). On the other hand, bulk-phase total organic matter (TOM) showed the age of 2260 BP that is between those two groups, suggesting that it was likely a mixture of organic matter derived from marine and terrestrial sources. The compound specific 14C ages and δ13C data of sedimentary fatty acids presented here could provide useful information to decipher the fate and transport process of terrestrial organic matter to marine sediments.

An early heron (Aves, Ardeidae, Ardea) from the Middle Miocene of Nebraska

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 968-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Upper Miocene ◽  
Living Species

The genus Ardea includes all living species of large herons. Brodkorb (1963) listed five fossil species of Ardea, and only one fossil species has since been described. Of these six, only two are unquestionably members of the genus Ardea. Ardea brunhuberi von Ammon, 1918, from the Upper Miocene Brown Coal Formation, Württemburg, Germany, was moved by Brodkorb (1980) to the Phalacrocoracidae as Phalacrocorax brunhuberi. Brodkorb (1980) considered A. lignitum Giebel, 1860, from the Sarmatian Brown Coal of Rippersroda, Thuringia, Germany, to be a large owl in the genus Bubo. Olson (1985) similarly regards A. perplexa from the Astaracian of Sansan, France, to be a large owl, possibly in the genus Bubo. The type of Ardea aureliensis Milne-Edwards, 1871, from the Oreleanian of Suevres, France, has never been illustrated or restudied and its affinities need to be confirmed (Olson, 1985). The valid fossil species are Ardea polkensis Brodkorb, 1955, from the late Hemphillian Bone Valley Mining District, Florida, and A. howardae Brodkorb, 1980, from the Plio/Pleistocene Shungura Formation, Omo Basin, Ethiopia. A large species of Ardea is also known from the late Clarendonian Love Bone Bed local fauna, Florida, but is based on material too fragmentary for specific identification (Becker, 1985). This note reports the earliest certain occurrence of Ardea now known.

scholarly journals Organic compounds from the Rhaetic-Liassic coals of Scoresby Sund, East Greenland

1975 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
K.R Pedersen ◽  
J Lam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fossil Flora ◽  
Normal Alkanes ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Palmitic Acids

A large number of aromatic and hydroaromatic hydrocarbons were detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry from the bituminous coals. A minor part consists of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons in which the distribution of normal alkanes in the range C24 to C32 shows a similarity to that of recent plant material with an odd/even distribution rate higher than one. A relatively high amount of pristane is present which is not known in higher plants. A heterocyclic compound, dibenzofuran, was isolated and characterized, and a methyl dibenzofuran seems to be present. Monoterpenoid compounds and minor amounts of acids were detected; myristic and palmitic acids were characterized as methyl esters. The coal is derived from the Kap Stewart Formation which bears a well-known fossil flora dominated by gymnospermous plants and without angiosperms. Some of the extracted organic compounds are present in recent gymnosperms. In recent material dibenzofuran and derivatives are only known in lichens and one angiospermous species.

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