ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES LEVELS IN DRINKING WATER FROM OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usikalu M. R. ◽  
Olawole C. O. ◽  
Joel E. S.
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Effective Doses

Naturally occurring radionuclides levels of 238U, 232Th and 40K were investigated in the water samples collected at different boreholes in all the local government of Ogun State using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector (Canberra Industries Inc.). The activity concentrations measured from the water samples ranged from 0.06 to 1.37 Bq l-1 for 238U, 0.15 to 0.52 Bq l-1 for 232Th and 1.35 to 12.74 Bq l-1 for 40K. The measured activities concentrations for 238U, 232Th and 40K along with their ingested dose conversion factors were used to estimate the annual effective doses in accordance with International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) based on age groups 0 -1y, 1 – 2y, 2 – 7y, 7 – 12y, 12 – 17y and >17y for water consumption. The total annual effective doses calculated varied from 0.004 to 0.517, 0.002 to 0.092, 0.001 to 0.078, 0.001 to 0.076, 0.024 to 0.110 and 0.002 to 0.117 for the age groups accordingly. The physiochemical results showed that 85% of the water was acidic as they have pH less than 6.5 and 65 % of them exceeded the copper concentration recommended limit. It revealed that consumption of the water is safe from natural background radiation for all groups except 0-1 y as the annual effective dose obtained for this group exceeded the average world limit (0.12). The study therefore, suggests that Ogun State populace should use less of these water samples for babies between the age 0-1 year.

ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOME COMMERCIAL BOTTLED WATERS FROM PARTS OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
O O ALATISE ◽  
Y S AKINSANYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Recommended Level

In this work, the presence of natural radioactivity in bottled waters from parts of south-west Nigeria was investigated. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the water samples were ob-tained using a high-purity germanium detector. The ranges of activity concentrations obtained for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were 0.15 to 1.25Bq l-1, 0.02 to 2.94Bq l-1 and 6.96 to 46.47 Bq l-1, respectively. 40K has the highest activity concentration in the bottled water samples while 232Th has the least value. The activity concentrations obtained together with ingested dose conversion factors, were used to calculate the annual effective doses for six age groups ranging from < 1 to >17 years. The calculated total annual effective doses (mSvy-1) ranged from 0.01 to 4.16 and the values are age dependent (highest for < 1year and lowest for 7-12years age groups). The results showed that the average annu-al effective dose for 35% of the bottled water brands were below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of 0.1 mSvy-1 for drinking water. Furthermore, out of the remaining 65% that were higher than the WHO recommended level, 9% were higher than 1 mSvy-1, which is the radia-tion exposure limit for the general public according to the recommendation of the International Com-mission on Radiological Protection. Consequently, consumption of some of the bottled water brands investigated in this study could constitute radiological hazard especially for the < 1 and 12-17years age groups.

Activity Concentrations of Natural Radionuclides in Soils of Rainforest Sites in Western Ghats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Manigandan ◽  
K K Natrajan
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gamma Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Assessments of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil collected from a tropical rainforest forest of western Ghats, India were conducted. These radionuclides were distributed unevenly in the forest soil. For all soil samples, the terrestrial gamma dose rate and the corresponding outdoor annual effective dose equivalents were evaluated. The activity concentration of 232Th and average outdoor gamma dose rates were found to be higher than the global average which appears to affects Western Ghats environment in general, the radiological hazard indices were found to be within the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended limits. Hence, obtained results for natural radionuclides in the forest soils were within the range specified by UNSCEAR (2000) report for virgin soils except 232Th.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN MALAYSIA’S BUILDING MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shittu Abdullahi ◽  
Aznan Fazli Ismail ◽  
Supian Samat
Keyword(s):  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides from common building materials used by Malaysian people for construction purposes were studied using High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The measured activity concentrations of the aforementioned radionuclides range from 10 ± 1 Bq kg−1 (limestone) to 155 ± 61 Bq kg−1 (feldspar), 12 ± 3 Bq kg−1 (limestone) to 274 ± 8 Bq kg−1 (kaolin) and 62 ± 19 Bq kg−1 (limestone) to 1114 ± 20 Bq kg−1 (pottery stone) for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The measured activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides reported herein were found to be in accordance with other previous studies. In general, the activity concentration of the natural radionuclides revealed that all the determined values were below the recommended limit.

Ensuring the Radiation-Related Ecological Safety of Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Stefanenko ◽  
O.P. Sidelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
The One

Nowadays, both builders and public have started to pay more and more interest to such a physical property of building materials as radioactivity. This is due to the fact that on the one hand, in the so-called "nuclear era", the problem of reducing radiation doses for people has acquired a global character, and on the other hand - millions of tons of construction raw materials containing natural radionuclides are extracted from bowels and are used in construction, where the structure of these doses of radiation is sharply deformed. Naturally occurring radionuclides make the largest contribution to the dose of human exposure to radiation. Economic activities lead to a significant redistribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment. The background radiation in buildings is considered to be one of the main types of radiation impact on human beings, since people spend a larger part of time indoors. The radiation control of construction objects is necessary to ensure public radiation safety.

An overview of radioactivity measurement studies in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazir Muhammad ◽  
Matiullah ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Sajjad Tahir ◽  
Fawad Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Radiological Health ◽  
Made In

Abstract In our environment, various naturally occurring radionuclides are present (both underground and overground) in several places, which results in lifelong human exposure. The radiation dose received by human beings from the radiation emitted by these naturally occurring radionuclides is approximately 87%. Exposure to radiation poses radiological health hazards. To assess the human health hazards from radiation, the concentration of these naturally occurring radionuclides are measured in soil (used for cultivation), building materials (soil, bricks, sand, marble, etc.), water and dietary items, worldwide. The available literature revealed that numerous studies related to the subject have been carried out in Pakistan. Most of these studies measured the radioactivity concentrations of primordial [uranium (238U), thorium (232Th), radium (226Ra) and potassium (40K)] and anthropogenic [cesium (137Cs)] radionuclide in soil samples (used for cultivation), fertilizers, building materials (i.e. bricks, rocks, sand, soil, marble, etc.), as well as water and dietary items, using a sodium iodide detector or high purity germanium. An effort was made in 2008 to compile these studies as a review article. However, since then, considerable studies have been undertaken and reported in the literature. Therefore, the main objective of the present article is to provide a countrywide baseline data on radionuclide levels, by overviewing and compiling the relevant studies carried out in Pakistan.

Illustration of HLW Repository Performance: Using Alternative Yardsticks to Assess Modeled Radionuclide Fluxes

2008 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaname Miyahara ◽  
Tomoko Kato
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Conventional Dose ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Groundwater Flux ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Evaluation Point ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Barrier Performance ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Hlw Repository

AbstractComplementary indicators have been used in developing a safety case in order to avoid uncertainties in the biosphere modeling used to estimate conventional dose or risk. For example, radionuclide fluxes can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of barrier performance. However, it is difficult to define relevant yardsticks for comparison, because the fluxes of naturally occurring radionuclides due to geological processes vary considerably depending on time and location. This paper discusses the relevance of alternative yardsticks for assessing modeled radionuclide fluxes by selecting yardsticks calculated from fluxes of natural radionuclides at the groundwater discharge point from the geosphere to an aquifer; these are then compared with fluxes of repository-derived radionuclides at the same point. Such yardsticks avoid surface geological processes that may also contribute to natural fluxes, allowing comparison at a suitable, common evaluation point that avoids dependence on site-specific conditions. The effectiveness and robustness of barrier performance is demonstrated using the developed yardsticks and the sensitivity of the analysis to groundwater flux is illustrated.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity in Soil and Bitumen in Al-Marj Spring and Abu-Jir Village, Anbar, Western Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2E) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Haneen A. Jassam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Hydrocarbon Accumulation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
The World ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material ◽  
Γ Ray

The aim of the present research is to illustrate γ-ray levels emitting from soil and bitumen producing from 238U, 232Th, and 40K along Abu-Jir Fault Zone. in the area extended from Al-Marj valley to Abu-Jir village using scintillometer device. Such study is important in environmental assessment to buildup data base about radioactivity. The concentration of natural radionuclides in the study area was determined to be occurring mostly in the clay minerals and organic matter. A high purity germanium spectrometer was used to detect the activity of these elements which ranged between 00.6±18.1- 1526±102, 0- 8.4±1.4, and 70.1±10.9- 328.2±73 in soil, and 28.2±5.6- 94±22.1, 0- 2.2±0.5, and 38.4±7.9- 70.1±10.9 in bitumen for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively. The anomaly of the Naturally occurring radioactive material was associated with hydrocarbon accumulation and springs. The source of 232Th and 40K came from the same source rock (illite), while 226Ra was associated with ascending fluids. The obtained results showed that the activity of 226Ra in soil has value above the world averages and other countries.

scholarly journals Assessment of Age-Dependent Effective Dose and Toxicity Risks of 226Ra and 228Ra In River Water Samples In Ondo State. Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladele Ajayi ◽  
Olusegun Omogunloye
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Morbidity Risks

Abstract Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in some river waters in southwestern Nigeria were measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 2.31, 0.17 to 2.85, and 7.86 to 65.51 Bq l-1 for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K respectively. The calculated mean of the total annual effective dose were 9.86, 2.46, 1.71, 2.43, 5.74 and 0.99 mSv y-1 for age groups ≤1y, 1-2y, 2-7y, 7-12y, 12-17y, and >17y respectively. Estimated cancer mortality and morbidity risks ranged from 0.04x10-3 to 0.77x10-3 with a mean of 0.42x10-3 and 0.04x10-3 to 0.80x10-3 with a mean of 0.44x10-3 respectively for 226R while they ranged from 0.11x10-3 to 1.89x10-3 with a mean of 0.96x10-3 and 0.16x10-3 to 2.66x10-3 with a mean of 1.38x10-3 respectively for 228Ra. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of 226Ra and 228Ra ranged from 9.39x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 to 181.01x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 100.06x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 and 4.82x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 to 80.70x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 40.90x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 respectively.. Radiological hazard indicator of radium is of concern in these drinking river water samples.

Soil depth profiles and radiological assessment of natural radionuclides in forest ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Manigandan ◽  
B. Chandar Shekar
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Radiological Assessment ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides

AbstractWe measured the distribution of three naturally occurring radionuclides,

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