IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR 3G – WIFIOFFLOAD NETWORKS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setiyo Budiyanto ◽  
Muhamad Asvial ◽  
Dadang Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Roulette Wheel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Stable Throughput

A new algorithm for optimizing  3G–WiFioffload and load balancing between nodes, called as New – Genetic Zone Routing Protocol (N – GZRP), is proposed in this paper. N – GZRP is a combination of outputs of Roulette Wheel selections method (RWs) and Rank Selections Method (Rs). Output from RWs is optimized by Rs where Rs is used as a threshold value of the uncertainty that occurs due to the use of RWs.  The algorithm is implemented for detecting the performance of mobile devices on several different types of networks.  The simulation results are compared with the (RWs)–GZRPand ZRP algorithm. The simulation results show that 35% of power consumption can be saved by using the proposed algorithm compared with GZRPalgorithm. Moreover,when compared with ZRP algorithm the proposed algorithm can save 60% power consumption. In addition, N – GZRP has a more stable throughput which is 3 Kbps higher than ZRP. The simulation results also show that N–GZRPhas smaller average delay than GZRP and ZRPwhich are about 20 msand 1400 ms, respectively.N – GZRP also reduces the synchronization delay about 25 ms and 45 ms compared withGZRPalgorithmand ZRP algorithm, respectively.

A Small World Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 828-833
Author(s):  
Wen Jun Xu ◽  
Li Juan Sun ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Ru Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Small World ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Network Diameter ◽  
Simulation Results

In order to reduce the average path length of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and save the energy, in this paper, the concept of the small world is introduced into the routing designs of WSNs. So a new small world routing protocol (SWRP) is proposed. By adding a few short cut links, which are confined to a fraction of the network diameter, we construct a small world network. Then the protocol finds paths through recurrent propagations of weak and strong links. The simulation results indicate that SWRP reduces the energy consumption effectively and the average delay of the data transmission, which leads to prolong the lifetime of both the nodes and the network.

An Energy Balance Routing Protocol Based on AODV

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 2442-2445
Author(s):  
Hong Pan ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Node Failure ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Minimal Residual

The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. AODV protocol is usually used to establish path in MANET while not consider energy controlling, this will lead to some nodes become invalid quickly. This paper presents an routing protocol called EAODV base on AODV, it selects the path where the average energy is the maximal and the minimal residual energy of node is higher than the threshold value to transmit data, it also can prolong the network lifetime. the simulation results show that EAODV can efficiently reduce node failure rate and the average end-to-end delay.

Research on MANET-Based Reliable Zone Routing Protocol

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Guo Zhao Hou ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Simulation Results

In MANET, the scheme for maintaining an inter-zone route in ZRP makes ZRP take more lost packets and more route re-discovering times; the former makes ZRP take lower delivery ratio of data packets, which makes ZRP take less reliability; the latter makes ZRP take more transmission delay and more routing overheads. Aiming at the problem above, a MANET-based reliable zone routing protocol (MRZRP) was proposed. In MRZRP, each node saved multiple backup routes from the node to each intra-zone node by maintaining an directed acyclic graph based on an intra-zone topology, and an inter-zone route was repaired by using backup segment routes as much as possible. The simulation results show that MRZRP improves delivery ratio of data packets, which shows that MRZRP improves the protocol reliability, and MRZRP also reduces the transmission delay and routing overheads.

scholarly journals PEMILIHAN NODE TETANGGA YANG HANDAL DENGAN MEMPERHITUNGKAN SIGNAL STRENGTH DAN LINK QUALITY PADA ZONE ROUTING PROTOCOL DI LINGKUNGAN MANET

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Ary Indra Iswara ◽  
waskitho wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Neighbor Discovery ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Neighbor Discovery Protocol ◽  
Update Process ◽  
Selection Of

Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol on MANET, because of the routing protocol is based on two protocols, namely IntrAzone Routing Protocol (IARP) and IntErzone Routing Protocol (IERP). Through IARP, each node identifies distance to all nodes in its routing zone. Although the network is very large,the update process is only distribute locally in its routing zone only and not the whole network. While IERPprotocol is responsible to find a route to a node that is located outside the zone. The selection of neighboringnodes completely done by Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), which is performe by the node selection NDP issending beacons broadcast message. NDP only use TTL to decide whether the neighboring nodes in broken ormaintained.In this research, the method of signal strength based link-sensing stability adaptation into the work processof the NDP. This method works based on the signal strength of a node. Signal strength of a node are reliableif the node does not exceed the predetermined threshold value. Reliable nodes that will be stored in theneighbor table and will be a reference to the IARP routing process. Nodes are not reliable will be disconnected and will not send beacons at the message again.The selection of reliable neighbor nodes by calculating the signal strength and link quality is able to improvethe performance of ZRP routing protocols. Protocols tested in scenarios designed by the wide variationarea. The test results showed an increase of 4:13 kbps increase in throughput, a decrease of 9.98 ms e2e delayand routing overhead decreased by 3.83%.

Experimental Studies and CFD Modeling on the Effects of a Cut in the Baffle on Power Consumption

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palani Sivashanmugam ◽  
Pullabatala Sandeep
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Agitated Vessel ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up

Experimental studies and CFD modeling on the effect of baffle V cut on power consumption, using a standard turbine agitator, has been presented. Modification was done by introducing a V cut in the baffle. The power consumption for the agitated vessel fitted with standard plain baffle is higher than that of the V cut baffle. Power characteristics for three different types of baffle combination were obtained within transition and turbulent regimes of the fluid flow in the agitated vessel. CFD simulations have been used to predict power consumption. The simulation results have been compared with the experimental data obtained on a pilot-scale set up.

A Bandwidth and Energy Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Enhanced Performance in Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharadwaj ◽  
Surjeet Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Background & Objective: There are some challenging issues such as providing Quality of Service (QoS), restricted usage of channels and shared bandwidth pertaining to ad-hoc networks in a dynamic topology. Hence, there is a requirement to support QoS for the application environment and multimedia services in ad-hoc networks with the fast growing and emerging development of information technology. Eventually, bandwidth is one of the key elements to be considered. Methods: Energy aware QoS routing protocol in an ad-hoc network is presented in this article. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results indicate that the improved protocol outperforms Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in terms of QoS metric such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, loss rate and average delay.

Catechize Global Optimization through Leading Edge Firefly Based Zone Routing Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Sherin Zafar ◽  
Usha Batra
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Background: Zone Routing Protocol is evolving as an efficient hybrid routing protocol with an extremely high potentiality owing to the integration of two radically different schemes, proactive and reactive in such a way that a balance between control overhead and latency is achieved. Its performance is impacted by various network conditions such as zone radius, network size, mobility, etc. Objective: The research work described in this paper focuses on improving the performance of zone routing protocol by reducing the amount of reactive traffic which is primarily responsible for degraded network performance in case of large networks. The usage of route aggregation approach helps in reducing the routing overhead and also help achieve performance optimization. Methods: The performance of proposed protocol is assessed under varying node size and mobility. Further applied is the firefly algorithm which aims to achieve global optimization that is quite difficult to achieve due to non-linearity of functions and multimodality of algorithms. For performance evaluation a set of benchmark functions are being adopted like, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay to validate the proposed approach. Results: Simulation results depict better performance of leading edge firefly algorithm when compared to zone routing protocol and route aggregation based zone routing protocol. The proposed leading edge FRA-ZRP approach shows major improvement between ZRP and FRA-ZRP in Packet Delivery Ratio. FRA-ZRP outperforms traditional ZRP and RA-ZRP even in terms of End to End Delay by reducing the delay and gaining a substantial QOS improvement. Conclusion: The achievement of proposed approach can be credited to the formation on zone head and attainment of route from the head hence reduced queuing of data packets due to control packets, by adopting FRA-ZRP approach. The routing optimized zone routing protocol using Route aggregation approach and FRA augments the QoS, which is the most crucial parameter for routing performance enhancement of MANET.

scholarly journals A Novel Cross-Latch Shift Register Scheme for Low Power Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Po-Yu Kuo ◽  
Ming-Hwa Sheu ◽  
Chang-Ming Tsai ◽  
Ming-Yan Tsai ◽  
Jin-Fa Lin
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Shift Register ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Layout Area

The conventional shift register consists of master and slave (MS) latches with each latch receiving the data from the previous stage. Therefore, the same data are stored in two latches separately. It leads to consuming more electrical power and occupying more layout area, which is not satisfactory to most circuit designers. To solve this issue, a novel cross-latch shift register (CLSR) scheme is proposed. It significantly reduced the number of transistors needed for a 256-bit shifter register by 48.33% as compared with the conventional MS latch design. To further verify its functions, this CLSR was implemented by using TSMC 40 nm CMOS process standard technology. The simulation results reveal that the proposed CLSR reduced the average power consumption by 36%, cut the leakage power by 60.53%, and eliminated layout area by 34.76% at a supply voltage of 0.9 V with an operating frequency of 250 MHz, as compared with the MS latch.

Research and Improvement about LEACH Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 1028-1032
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Qi Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Random Cluster ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Node Energy

In recent years, as the development of wireless sensor network, people do some deep researches on cluster-based protocol, most around the prolongation of the lifetime of WSN and decline of energy consumed by the sensors. This paper analyses of classical clustering routing protocol based on LEACH, aiming at the node energy foot presents energy improved clustering routing algorithm, the random cluster head selection algorithm of threshold to be changed, lowering the threshold, in the original threshold increases the node's remaining energy factor, reduces the communication load of cluster nodes, and simulation. The simulation results show that the LEACH-E improved algorithm, energy saving, reducing balance node energy consumption, effectively prolongs the network lifetime.

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