FABRICATION OF UNFIRED BRICKS FROM INDUSTRIAL SCHEDULED WASTE (WWTS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umul Masikin Othman Othman ◽  
Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Manufacturing industries produce wastes or secondary products, in which it has a direct impact to the environment. The storage of such wastes remains at the disposal would pollute the air, water resource and agricultural fields. There is a huge opportunity for recycling and it uses large quantities of wastes to minimize the environmental impact. This paper investigates the effect of utilization Wastewater Treatment sludge (WWTs) blended with Laterite Clay (LC) at 50:50 ratio to produce unfired bricks. These target materials were stabilized using Hydrated Lime (HL), Portland cement (PC) on its own and combination of Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), HL:GGBS and PC:GGBS both (50:50 and 70:30 ratio) at 10%, 20% and 30% stabilizer dosage. Compressive strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test were conducted and compared with the relevant standards. It was found that it is feasible to utilize WWTs as unfired bricks from the economical and environmental point of view as it will conserve natural resource, protect the environment from waste disposal, and produce a low cost, low carbon construction components.

The Influence of the Properties of the Material Used for Obtaining Geopolymers on Their Structure and Compressive Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187
Author(s):  
Ilenuta Severin ◽  
Maria Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Straw Ash

This article presents the influence of the properties of the materials in the geopolymeric mixture, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) + wheat straw ash (WSA) + uncalcined red mud (RMu), and ground granulated blast furnace slag + wheat straw ash + calcined red mud (RMc), over the microstructure and mechanical properties of the synthesised geopolymers. The activation solutions used were a NaOH solution with 8M concentration, and a solution realised from 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3. The samples were analysed: from the microstructural point of view through SEM microscopy; the chemical composition was determined through EDX analysis; and the compressive strength tests was done for samples tested at 7 and 28 days, respectively. The SEM micrographies of the geopolymers have highlighted a complex structure and an variable compressive strength. Compressive strength varied from 24 MPa in the case of the same recipe obtained from 70% of GGBFS + 25% WSA +5% RMu, alkaline activated with NaOH 8M (7 days testing) to 85 MPa in the case of the recipe but replacing RMu with RMc with calcined red mud, alkaline activated with the 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3 solution (28 days testing). This variation in the sense of the rise in compressive strength can be attributed to the difference in reactivity of the materials used in the recipes, the curing period, the geopolymers structure, and the presence of a lower or higher rate of pores, as well as the alkalinity and the nature of the activation solutions used.

Influence of four additional activators on hydrated-lime [Ca(OH) 2 ] activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeonung Jeong ◽  
Jae Eun Oh ◽  
Yubin Jun ◽  
Jongnam Park ◽  
Ju-hyung Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

scholarly journals Preparation of Foamed Phosphogypsum Lightweight Materials by Incorporating Cementitious Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Ting WANG ◽  
Xiaojian GAO ◽  
Jian WANG
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

As a byproduct of phosphoric acid industry, phosphogypsum has many environmental problems. In order to recycle phosphogypsum to manufacture lightweight building materials, cementitious additives including fly ash, ground granulate blast-furnace slag and Portland cement were added to improve strength and water-resistance and different volume of foam was added to reduce the bulk density. The results show that hydrated lime can improve mechanical strength and water resistance of PG paste and the optimal dosage of hydrated lime is 6 %. Higher addition of fly ash or ground granulated blast-furnace slag improves the fluidity and delays the setting time of PG paste. The addition of 10 ~ 20 % fly ash results in a little reducing influence and 10 % ground granulated blast-furnace slag leads to an increase of 20.7 % for 28 days compressive strength of hardened PG specimen. The higher addition of Portland cement results in the better mechanical strength and water resistance of PG specimens. The 28day compressive and flexural strength reaches 25.9 MPa and 8.9 MPa respectively for the 25 % Portland cement mixture. PG based lightweight building materials can prepared by the addition of 60 % volume of air foam, with compressive strength of 1.7 MPa, bulk density of 521.7 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity of 0.0724 W/(m·K). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.19910

scholarly journals ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF GRIND BLAST FURNACE GRANULATED SLAG PJSC “SEVERSTAL” IN CEMENT SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Н. Калиновская ◽  
К.С. Аль-Мусави ◽  
Д.В. Кузнецов
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Granulated Slag ◽  
Iron And Steel Works ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Furnace Slag

В металлургическом производстве образуются технологические отходы (шлаки, шламы, пыль, окалина и другие), количество которых исчисляется в сотнях миллионов тонн. Одним из наиболее распространенных металлургических отходов является доменный гранулированный шлак, который при помоле приобретает гидравлические свойства и может использоваться как компонент вяжущего для цементных систем. Приведены результаты исследования свойств доменного шлака ПАО «Северсталь» (г. Череповец, РФ), а именно химический и фазовый состав предоставленных образцов шлака, а также индекс его активности по EN 15167 в зависимости от тонкости помола. На данном этапе исследований шлака не видится препятствий для использования шлака ПАО «Северсталь» в качестве компонента вяжущего в цементных системах. Показано, что с точки зрения прочности на сжатие и изгиб, а также расплыва стандартного конуса, который косвенно характеризует водоудерживающую способность вяжущего, предпочтительной является тонкость помола Sуд = 3 500…4 000 см2/г. Использование вяжущего, состоящего на 100 % из шлака, нецелесообразно без применения активатора. In the process of enrichment and smelting of metals, technological wastes (slags, sludge, dust, scale and others) are generated, the amount of which is calculated in hundreds of millions of tons. One of the local metallurgical waste is granulated blast-furnace slag, which, after grinding, acquires the hydraulic properties and can be used as a component of a binder. The results of studying the properties of blast-furnace slag of Severstal Iron and Steel Works (Cherepovets, Russia), namely the chemical and phase composition of the provided slag samples, as well as the index of its activity according to EN 15167, depending on the fineness of grinding are presented. At this stage of slag research, there are no obstacles to using slag from Severstal as a binder component in cement systems. It is shown that from the point of view of compressive and bending strength, as well as the spreading of a standard cone, which indirectly characterizes the water-holding capacity of the binder, the fineness of grinding 3500...4000 cm2/g is preferable. The use of a binder consisting of 100 % slag is not recommended without the use of an activator.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ternary Binders Based on Flash-Calcined Sediments and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag Using a Mixture Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zeraoui ◽  
Walid Maherzi ◽  
Mahfoud Benzerzour ◽  
Nor-Edine Abriak
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Initial Setting Time ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Initial Setting ◽  
Furnace Slag

CO2 emissions resulting from the production of cement is a major issue, but can be limited by the partial substitution of cement by low-carbon-impact additions. The aim of this study was the formulation of a ternary binder based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and flash-calcined sediment (FCS), a dredged waste which was valorized after applying a new heat treatment: flash calcination. The used materials were physically, chemically and mineralogically characterized. The composition of the formulations was optimized using mixture designs. Five formulations, one reference formulation RM (100% OPC), one binary formulation (50% OPC/50% GGBS), and three ternary formulations with a variable FCS rate (10%, 15%, 20%), were selected and characterized fresh and hardened. Results showed that the incorporation of FCS reduced the workability and increased the density. In addition, a decrease in the initial setting time and the heat of hydration peak were observed. In the hardened state, the formulation containing 10% FCS showed 90-day mechanical strengths superior to that of RM. The use of FCS in ternary binders could reduce the environmental impact by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Engineering Parameters of Rice Straw Concrete with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Taha Ashour ◽  
Mohamad Morsy ◽  
Azra Korjenic ◽  
Henriette Fischer ◽  
Mervat Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
Engineering Parameters ◽  
Furnace Slag

The construction industry is responsible for a large amount of both embodied carbon and emissions. Especially with concrete, there is still a lot of potential for designing recipes in a more ecological way. Approaches to reduce the environmental impact of concrete include the use of industrial and agricultural by-products. This study combines the approaches of replacing cement with granulated blast furnace slag and the use of NaOH-treated rice straw fibers. The research objective comprises the design of an ecologically optimized concrete as well as the question of whether a pretreatment of rice straw fibers with NaOH improves the performance of the designed concrete. The method includes mechanical and physical testing of the of the designed concrete as well as an optical analysis with a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that treating rice straw with 1% NaOH indicates a better bond between fibers and the surrounding matrix. The tests in which the rice straw was treated with NaOH achieved a higher density, splitting strength, tensile strength and compressive strength. The study contributes an ecologically optimized concrete with granulated blast furnace slag and NaOH-treated rice straw concrete, which shows a great potential as an environmentally friendly, low-cost construction material.

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