CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND BUILDING DESIGN: THE DEVELOPMENT OF GIS DATABASE AND PRODUCT AS DESIGN AID

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devagaran Samugavelu ◽  
Abdul Naser Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Economical Design ◽  
Building Foundation ◽  
Gis System ◽  
Factual Data

Civil infrastructure as well as building foundation design depends primarily on the availability and accuracy of soil investigation data. The data from site and laboratory are vital for a safe and economical design for any kind of infrastructure or buildings. This paper describes the use of GIS in processing and presenting factual data of site investigation reports in formats that are meaningful to users especially geotechnical designer. The initial effort is carried out for Perak Tengah District in the State of Perak, Malaysia. In this study the site investigation reports are archived in an appropriate manner so it can be quickly retrieved by user at any time. In the second part, the data are stored in GIS system that can be processed and presented into maps describing some basic important data for designer at various depths. Thus, the data are available at any time and the systems will be a meaningful tool for geotechnical designers. 

scholarly journals Engineering Site Investigation for Foundation Design and Construction in Shale and Sandstone Derived Soils of Okitipupa Area, Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
FALOWO OLUSOLA OLUMUYIWA
Keyword(s):  
Site Investigation ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Building Foundation ◽  
Allowable Bearing Capacity ◽  
Engineering Standards ◽  
Electrical Soundings

Geotechnical and geo-electrical investigations of Okitipupa has been carried out with the major objectives of establishing the subsoil/geology, evaluate the geotechnical properties and recommend appropriate foundation alternatives for building foundation construction. Seven borings were carried out with hand auger at two cone penetration test locations, and representative samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory in accordance with relevant geotechnical engineering standards. In addition, six vertical electrical soundings (VES) were also conducted using Schlumberger configuration. The result of VES delineates three major geologic sequence comprising the topsoil/caprock, sand surficial aquifer, and sand intermediate aquifer. The topsoil has resistivity range of 242 – 1503 ohm-m and thickness of 3.4 - 20.9 m composed of clay sand and sand. This layer is capable of supporting shallow foundation such as simple spread, raft of reinforced concrete, with recommended allowable bearing pressure of 100 KN/m2 at depths of 1.0 m and 3.2 m in the northern and southern part of the study area respectively. The estimated settlement are less than 50 mm using foundation width of 0.6 m, but could be reduced by almost 50% if the width is greater than or equal to 2 m. The groundwater level is very deep (>10 m) and may not likely threatens the integrity of the foundation structures. The estimated allowable bearing capacity for strip footing (203 – 980 KN/m2), square footing (608 – 2940 KN/m2) within 1.4 m depth is appropriate. The capacity of driven (deep foundation) circular piles of diameters 400mm, 500mm, and 600mm, the recommended pile capacity varies at depth of 5 m (69 – 124 KN), 10 m (225 – 378 KN), and 15 m (470 – 766 KN), while that of bored circular pile ranges from (36 – 75 KN), 10 m (93 – 180 KN), and 15 m (170 – 317 KN).

Reducing shear strength uncertainties in clays by multivariate correlations

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianye Ching ◽  
Kok-Kwang Phoon ◽  
Yi-Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Economical Design ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Undrained Shear ◽  
Multivariate Correlations

Quantifications of uncertainties in soil shear strengths, including undrained shear strength of clay, are essential for geotechnical reliability-based design. In particular, how to reduce the uncertainties in undrained shear strengths based on all available information by correlation is a practical research subject, given the considerable cost of a typical site investigation. Although it is simple to reduce the uncertainties by correlation when the information is one dimensional (or univariate), it is quite challenging to reduce the uncertainties by using multivariate information through multiple correlations. This study proposes a systematic way of achieving multivariate correlations on undrained shear strengths. A set of simplified equations are obtained through Bayesian analysis for the purpose of reducing uncertainties: the inputs to the equations are the results of in situ or laboratory tests and the outputs are the updated mean values and coefficients of variation (c.o.v.s) of the undrained shear strengths. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the consistency of the proposed simplified equations. Results show that uncertainties in undrained shear strengths can be effectively reduced by incorporating multivariate information. Given that reliability-based design can justify more economical design with reduced uncertainties, the proposed equations essentially link the value of more and better tests directly to final design savings.

Features of Numerical Modeling In Situ Stress State Massive of Rocky and Issues of Verification of the Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan E. Sas ◽  
Elena B. Cherepetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Building Foundation ◽  
State Stress

Modern buildings erected on bedrock or is to be equipped directly in an array (in particular hydroelectric power stations, underground storage facilities and soon), are technically complex, often unique objects construction. At the same time, the cost of design and construction of such facilities is very high. In this context, particular relevance is the question of stable and safe operation of facilities. Now, generally recognized that the study of the functioning of large technical systems (such as the base - structure) with a randomly varying characteristics most adequately carried out was done by different types of complex modeling, particularly mathematical, simulation, and in some cases - physical modeling [3]. However, before moving to a system of «building/foundation» is necessary to examine the massif in situ. Modern software systems (such as Plaxis, ZSoil, Comsol, Abaqus, and soon) have are significant opportunities that allow to make calculations with high accuracy. In particular, implemented a specialized model of soils, such as models of Hoek-Brown, Jointed Rock and others [5]. They allow you to get a more objective picture of the state stress of the array according to the degree of fracturing and anisotropy properties. They allow you to get a more objective picture of the state stress of the array according to the degree of fracturing and anisotropy properties. In addition, is possible a reflection of the detailed features of the geological structure in the 3D calculation that gives an idea of the influence of the field to an array of building/foundation. But, it is necessary to understand that the simulation is based on idealization and averaging the physical and mechanical properties of the medium under study. The inevitable errors and inaccuracies in the calculations. As a real rock massif is a complex system, in the work showed of drawing up an analysis of structural models and their implementation using conventional concepts and a more detailed study. The isolation of the structural elements and boundaries in an array of rocky soils should be approached with special attention. This is due, primarily, with the features of the geological structure of the study area: for example, improperly allocate lithological boundaries as in the case of consideration arrays dispersed soils, because rocky soils is a monolithic solid. Select elements should be performed in accordance with the characteristic feature, such as a fracture, blocking and so on. Besides the issue of numerical modeling of rock masses, in the issues of verification data obtained by numerical method. With the increasing complexity of the technical constructions, increasingly there is a need to verify the results of numerical simulations with actual operating voltage value in the array. Since the field of stress research methods is very expensive and labor-intensive, trade-off seems logical to use in the verification of the results of numerical modeling of acoustic emission (AE) [6]. This method may be used in combination of laboratory tests. With this approach, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in the quality of the received information.

Sample Disturbance in Soft Alluvial Clyde Estuary Clay

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A McGown ◽  
L. Barden ◽  
S. H. Lee ◽  
P. Wilby
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Sample Disturbance ◽  
Area Standard ◽  
Scanning Electron

The alluvium of the Clyde Estuary provides the foundation material for a number of medium rise developments in the Glasgow area. Standard site investigation and testing techniques often result in an expensive foundation design involving piling. A more sophisticated investigation conducted at Laurieston, has afforded a chance to compare the disturbance due to different qualities of sampling. The degree of disturbance to macro- and microstructure has been assessed using standard photographic techniques and a scanning electron microscope. The effect of disturbance on shear strength has been measured using hand vane and triaxial tests; and on consolidation and compression parameters using Rowe cells of different sizes. On the basis of the standard and the improved site investigations two foundation designs have been prepared and their cost compared.

scholarly journals Storage facilities of Missouri country elevators

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Francis Preston Yager
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Factual Data ◽  
Storage Facilities

"The objectives are to determine adequacy of present storage facilities by Crop Reporting Districts and to provide information for decisions relative to location, capacity, type, remodeling, and rebuilding of country elevator storage facilities in conjunction with the present trends in marketing techniques. The data collected pertain to the nine Crop Reporting Districts of the state and the country elevators within those districts. See Figure 1 for the location of the nine districts. Decisions relative to location, capacity, type of new storage, and marketing facilities are being made currently and likely will continue to be made over the next ten year. Those decisions are being made by farmers, cooperative associations, businessmen, and government agencies with only a small amount of factual data available."--Page 8-9

scholarly journals Investigations of the necropolis of the Petrovskoye archaeological complex by students of the Archaeological Institute in 1880

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
Sergey Zozulya ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Kononovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Source Of Information

This paper presents results of the first excavations carried out in the area of the Petrovskoye archaeological complex by the Director and students of the Saint Petersburg Archaeological Institute on July 12–13, 1880. The absence of reporting documents and the complicated fate of the collection of finds have led to the loss of principally important data, such as the location of the mounds within the territory of the burial ground, plans and sections of the barrows, and descrip- tions of the state of preservation of the burial complexes. The main source of information is represented by an item in a periodical of 1880 enabling us to obtain a general idea how the excavations took place. The collection of the State Hermitage contains finds from excavations of seven kurgans comprising 43 pieces. The materials concerned with these investigations include both the objects fairly well known from Old-Russian burials and unique finds from this cemetery.

Designing a Comprehensive Procedure for Flagging Archived Traffic Data: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Xiao Qin ◽  
Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Yang Cheng ◽  
Steven Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Traffic Sensors ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transportation Research

Archived data management systems (ADMS) are extensively used for storing historical traffic data (e.g., volume, speed, occupancy) collected from traffic sensors. Archived traffic data have important uses for engineering and planning applications such as ramp meter timing, work zone planning, and performance management. They are also an important data source for transportation research. Various flagging procedures have been implemented in ADMS to identify invalid or questionable archived traffic data, however, those flagging procedures may not be comprehensive enough to maintain adequate data quality. This study presents the findings of a literature search and a user survey to discuss the possible gap between the state-of-the-practice and the state-of-the-art validity tests, identifies complex yet effective validity tests which are favored by users, and recommends the procedure that prioritizes the implementation of validity tests in ADMS. To aid the implementation, different methods to establish quantitative rules and practical thresholds for candidate validity tests have been proposed. This study underscores the importance of keeping the basic validity tests required to maintain minimum data quality and adding more advanced tests to detect less obvious yet important data issues. The recommended tests along with the flagging procedure are demonstrated through a case study based on one detector station in Wisconsin. Results of the case study show that the guide is useful in the development of a comprehensive flagging procedure for better data quality.

Interrelationship between thermal conditions and indoor pollutants in primary schools of Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Venu Shree ◽  
Bhanu M Marwaha ◽  
Pamita Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Indoor Pollutants

Thermal conditions in primary school buildings are very important to ensure healthy aproductive learning environment in primary classrooms. In addition to thermal conditions, poor indoor air quality (IAQ) may decrease productivity, reduced ability of learning, health threats, lack of attentiveness etc. This study is an attempt to discover the interrelationship of the thermal conditions with indoor pollutants in primary schools of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study summarizes the investigation of eight naturally ventilated schools in Hamirpur city of Himachal Pradesh (India). The on-site investigation was performed to monitor the concentration of Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) as indoor pollutants and Indoor Temperature, Humidity and Ventilation rate for thermal conditions. The Higher concentration of indoor Particulate Matter (PM2.5) has found associated with humidity and ventilation rate. However, the CO2 concentration has found directly associated with temperature and ventilation rate. Indoor pollutants were also found associated with some building design parameters of the primary school building. Based on the data analysis, some recommendations are made to reduce the exposure of pollutants to the occupants in the conclusion.

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