COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION SPRAY COCONUT OIL AND JATROPHA OIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Wibowo ◽  
I. N. G Wardana ◽  
Slamet Wahyudi ◽  
Denny Widhi Yanuriyawan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Flame Spray ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Better Than

The negative influence of fossil fuels and the limited supply of fossil fuels to encourage researchers are looking for alternative fuels to renewable energy, namely coconut oil and jatropha oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of the combustion flame spray on burning long, wide combustion and combustion stage by studying the experimental results of burning coconut oil and jatropha oil, camera recording video at 420 fps in the spray nozzle tester with 1900 psi pressure. The results of the comparative analysis, combustion spray seed oil kapok better than castor oil, this is indicated in the data there is a difference of 20.73% the length of the combustion spray maximum of coconut oil than jatropha oil, the burning of coconut oil reach flames maximum is 164 cm and oils a distance of 130 cm, for width measurement obtained difference of 23.60% a wide range of flame spray a maximum of coconut oil than jatropha oil, coconut oil range of flame spray a maximum of 33.7 cm and jatropha oil is 28.8 cm, and the results of the analysis phase of burning, coconut oil occurs twice burning while the jatropha oil are three stages of combustion.

scholarly journals Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110209
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines

Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.

scholarly journals The Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled Diesel Oil in Comparison with Heated Pure Vegetable Oils Available in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Ready Availability

Pure vegetable oils have the greatest promise for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines beside the depletion of conventional petroleum resources. Among various possible options, pure vegetable oils present promising of greener air substitutes for fossil fuels. Pure vegetable oils, due to the agricultural origin, liquidity, ready availability, renewability, biodegradability are able to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Also, in Vietnam, pure vegetable oils such as soybean oil (SoO100), coconut oil (CO100) and sunflower oil (SuO100) are available. The paper presents the results of using heated pure vegetable oils for diesel engine D243 with power of 80 hp (58.88) kW. The results of determining the power (Ne), specific fuel consumption (SFC) and efficiency (n) are used to evaluate the performance of engine. The results show that, the engine power (Ne) is 10%-15% lower, the SFC of engine D243 using pure vegetable oils is 3%-5% higher and the η is 2.5%-6.2% lower compared to diesel oil (DO). Among the pure vegetable oils, the best performance results for D243 diesel engine are obtained from heated pure sunflower oil up to 135oC.

scholarly journals An Extensive Analysis of Biodiesel Blend Combustion Characteristics under a Wide-Range of Thermal Conditions of a Cooperative Fuel Research Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7666
Author(s):  
Vu H. Nguyen ◽  
Minh Q. Duong ◽  
Kien T. Nguyen ◽  
Thin V. Pham ◽  
Phuong X. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Examining the influence of thermal conditions in the engine cylinder at the start of fuel injection on engine combustion characteristics is critically important. This may help to understand physical and chemical processes occurring in engine cycles and this is relevant to both fossil fuels and alternative fuels like biodiesels. In this study, six different biodiesel–diesel blends (B0, B10, B20, B40, B60 and B100 representing 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100% by volume of biodiesel in the diesel–biodiesel mixtures, respectively) have been successfully tested in a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine operating under a wide range of thermal conditions at the start of fuel injection. This is a standard cetane testing CFR-F5 engine, a special tool for fuel research. In this study, it was further retrofitted to investigate combustion characteristics along with standard cetane measurements for those biodiesel blends. The novel biodiesel has been produced from residues taken from a palm cooking oil manufacturing process. It is found that the cetane number of B100 is almost 30% higher than that of B0 and this could be attributed to the oxygen content in the biofuel. Under similar thermal conditions at the start of injection, it is observed that the influence of engine load on premixed combustion is minimal. This could be attributable to the well-controlled intake air temperature in this special engine and therefore the evaporation and mixing rate prior to the start of combustion is similar under different loading conditions. Owing to higher cetane number (CN), B100 is more reactive and auto-ignites up to 3 degrees of crank angle (DCA) earlier compared to B0. It is generally observed in this study that B10 shows a higher maximum value of in-cylinder pressure compared to that of B0 and B20. This could be evidence for lubricant enhancement when operating the engine with low-blending ratio mixtures like B10 in this case.

scholarly journals The Performance of A Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Vang Van Le
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Jatropha Oil

Fossil fuel crisis and depletion, environmental pollution and ever-increase in vehicle and transportation means have renewed the scientist’s interest in the world in order to look for potential alternative fuels, which are attractive such as biodiesel, bioethanol, DME and vegetable oils. Inedible vegetable oils such as coconut oil, Jatropha oil, linseed oil or animal fat are full of potential for using directly or manufacturing biodiesel. This work is carried out in order to study the four stroke diesel engine D240 performance characteristics fueled with preheated pure coconut oil (PCO), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and compare with diesel oil (DO). The test diesel engine performance such as power (Ne), torque (Me), specific fuel consumption (ge) and thermal efficiency (ηe) is determined, calculated and evaluated while using JOME, preheated PCO and compared to DO. The results show that, power (Ne), torque (Me) and thermal efficiency (ηe) while engine is fueled with JOME and PCO are lower, otherwise specific fuel consumption (ge) is higher than those of diesel fuel, the test engine performance are gained the best for JOME and PCO100.Article History: Received Dec 9, 2016; Received in revised form January 28, 2017; Accepted February 4, 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Hoang, T.A and Le,V. V. (2017). The Performance of A Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1), 1-7.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.1-7

The Effect of Parentage on the Control of Volunteer Corn (Zea mays) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen ◽  
Jon L. Geadelmann
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Corn Hybrid ◽  
Better Than

Corn (Zea maysL.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] currently can be controlled with either glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applied to corn that is taller than soybeans, or diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} sprayed over-the-top of both corn and soybeans. We found a wide range in tolerance to over-the-top spray applications of glyphosate among 240 F2hybrids of corn. Glyphosate was then applied with a rope-wick to one tolerant and one susceptible F2corn hybrid growing in soybeans. In only two instances out of six (three stages of growth times 2 yr), the susceptible corn was controlled better than the tolerant corn; but, in these two instances, the better control was not reflected in greater soybean yields. In another experiment, one F2corn hybrid identified (in a previous study) as tolerant of diclofop and one identified as susceptible were sprayed in soybeans with over-the-top diclofop treatments. In 11 instances out of 12 (two stages of growth times three rates times 2 yr), the susceptible corn was controlled better than the tolerant corn, and in nine of these instances, the better control was reflected in greater soybean yields. Corn parentage could be important in determining the degree of control obtained with either herbicide, but this is more likely with diclofop than with glyphosate.

scholarly journals Effect of butanol on fuel consumption and smoke emission of direct injection diesel engine fueled by jatropha oil and diesel fuel blends with cold EGR system

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Syarifudin ◽  
Syaiful ◽  
Eflita Yohana
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Diesel engines are widely used in industry, automotive, power generation due to better reliability and higher efficiency. However, diesel engines produce high smoke emissions. The main problem of diesel engine is actually the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy whose availability is diminishing. Therefore alternative fuels for diesel fuels such as jatropha and butanol are needed to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, the effect of butanol usage on fuel consumption and smoke emissions of direct injection diesel engine fueled by jatropha oil and diesel fuel with cold EGR system was investigated. The percentage of butanol was in the range of 5 to 15%, jatropha oil was in the range of 10 to 30% and the balance was diesel fuel. Cold EGR was varied through valve openings from 0 to 100% with 25% intervals. The experimental data shows that the BSFC value increases with increasing percentage of butanol. In addition, the use of EGR results in a higher increase of BSFC than that without EGR. While the addition of butanol into a blend of jatropha oil and diesel fuel causes a decrease in smoke emissions. The results also informed that the use of EGR in the same fuel blend led to increased smoke emissions.

Research of the activity and viability of spermatozoa at different concentrations and proportions of diluents after incubation

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Svitlana Lobchenko ◽  
Tetiana Husar ◽  
Viktor Lobchenko
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa ◽  
Native Plasma ◽  
Better Than

The results of studies of the viability of spermatozoa with different incubation time at different concentrations and using different diluents are highlighted in the article. (Un) concentrated spermatozoa were diluented: 1) with their native plasma; 2) medium 199; 3) a mixture of equal volumes of plasma and medium 199. The experiment was designed to generate experimental samples with spermatozoa concentrations prepared according to the method, namely: 0.2; 0.1; 0.05; 0.025 billion / ml. The sperm was evaluated after 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. The perspective of such a study is significant and makes it possible to research various aspects of the subject in a wide range. In this regard, a series of experiments were conducted in this area. The data obtained are statistically processed and allow us to highlight the results that relate to each stage of the study. In particular, in this article it was found out some regularities between the viability of sperm, the type of diluent and the rate of rarefaction, as evidenced by the data presented in the tables. As a result of sperm incubation, the viability of spermatozoa remains at least the highest trend when sperm are diluted to a concentration of 0.1 billion / ml, regardless of the type of diluent used. To maintain the viability of sperm using this concentration of medium 199 is not better than its native plasma, and its mixture with an equal volume of plasma through any length of time incubation of such sperm. Most often it is at this concentration of sperm that their viability is characterized by the lowest coefficient of variation, regardless of the type of diluent used, which may indicate the greatest stability of the result under these conditions. The viability of spermatozoa with a concentration of 0.1 billion / ml is statistically significantly reduced only after 6 or even 8 hours of incubation. If the sperm are incubated for only 2 hours, regardless of the type of diluent used, the sperm concentrations tested do not affect the viability of the sperm. Key words: boar, spermatozoa, sperm plasma, concentration, incubation, medium 199, activity, viability, rarefaction.

Effect of Contact Ratio on Spur Gear Dynamic Load With No Tooth Profile Modifications

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuen-Huei Liou ◽  
Hsiang Hsi Lin ◽  
F. B. Oswald ◽  
D. P. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Gear Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Center Distance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents a computer simulation showing how the gear contact ratio affects the dynamic load on a spur gear transmission. The contact ratio can be affected by the tooth addendum, the pressure angle, the tooth size (diametral pitch), and the center distance. The analysis presented in this paper was performed by using the NASA gear dynamics code DANST. In the analysis, the contact ratio was varied over the range 1.20 to 2.40 by changing the length of the tooth addendum. In order to simplify the analysis, other parameters related to contact ratio were held constant. The contact ratio was found to have a significant influence on gear dynamics. Over a wide range of operating speeds, a contact ratio close to 2.0 minimized dynamic load. For low-contact-ratio gears (contact ratio less than two), increasing the contact ratio reduced gear dynamic load. For high-contact-ratio gears (contact ratio equal to or greater than 2.0), the selection of contact ratio should take into consideration the intended operating speeds. In general, high-contact-ratio gears minimized dynamic load better than low-contact-ratio gears.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Mei Yin Ong ◽  
Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽  
Fitranto Kusumo ◽  
Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman ◽  
Abd Halim Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
American Society ◽  
Better Than

In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achieved with an ethanol–oil molar ratio of 9.25:1 under microwave irradiation with a power of 163.69 W for 12.66 min. This predicted value was obtained from the ANN model that has been optimized with ACO. Besides that, the sensitivity analysis indicated that microwave power offers a dominant impact on the results, followed by the reaction time and lastly ethanol–oil molar ratio. The properties of the bio-jet fuel obtained in this work was also measured and compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1655 standard.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Nazir ◽  
Imtisal Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Production Technologies

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

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