AN INTRODUCTION TO FLOATING TREATMENT WETLANDS AND ITS APPLICATION POTENTIAL FOR REMEDIATION OF CITARUM WATERSHED, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indriatmoko Indriatmoko ◽  
Raden Pandoe Prahoro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Aquatic Area ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Water Pollutant ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are considered the most applicable and cost effective instrument for aquatic pollutant removal. This aquaponic–based bioremediation has become a potential alternative solution since inorganic (physical and chemical) treatment is seen to be ineffective for large–scale polluted objects. Numerous investigations have proved that FTWs are potential to decrease major pollutant concentration in water e.g., nitrogen, phosphate, as well as heavy metals. This treatment is applicable by using different macrophytes species. Depending on its pollutant target, the use of macrophytes will vary to its pollutant which will be removed. There are only limited reports available relating to application of macrophytes as pollutant removal applied in Indonesia. Citarum watershed is known as one of the most polluted aquatic area in Indonesia. It urgently needs a suitable method of water pollutant removal in this area. This paper aims to describe the application of FTWs as one of remediation methods that harnesses a significant potential because of its low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable nature for water restoration. 

Development of All-Plastic Microvalve Array for Multiplexed Immunoassay

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shancy Augustine ◽  
Pan Gu ◽  
Xiangjun Zheng ◽  
Toshikazu Nishida ◽  
Z. Hugh Fan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Multiple Analytes ◽  
Multiplexed Immunoassay

There is a need for low-cost immunoassays that measure the presence and concentration of multiple harmful agents in one device. Currently, comparable immunoassays employ a one-analyte-per-test format that is time consuming and not cost effective for the requirement of detecting multiple analytes in a single sample. For instance, if a spectrum of harmful agents, including E. coli O157, cholera toxin, and Salmonella typhimurium, should be simultaneously monitored in foods and drinking water, then a one-analyte-per-test would be inefficient. This work demonstrates a platform capable of simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in a single, low-cost, microvalve array-enabled multiplexed immunoassay. This multiplexed immunoassay platform is demonstrated in a prototype COC (cyclic olefin copolymer) device with a 2×3 array in which 6 analytes can be detected simultaneously. In order to contain and regulate the flow of reagents in the multichannel device, an array of microfluidic valves actuated by a thermally expandable material and microfabricated resistors have been developed to direct the flow to the necessary assay sites. The microvalve-based immunoassay is shown to be reliable, easy to operate, and compatible with large-scale integration. The all-plastic microvalves use paraffin wax as the thermally sensitive material which drastically reduces power consumption by latching upon closing so that pulsed power is required only to close and latch the microvalve until it is necessary to re-open the valve. The multiplexed detection scheme has been demonstrated by using three proteins, C reactive protein (CRP) and transferrin, both of which are biomarkers associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the negative control. Since there are no external bulky pneumatic accessories required to operate/latch the microvalves in the device, this compact, thermally actuated and latching microvalve-enabled multiplexed immunoassay has the potential to realize a portable, low power, battery operated microfluidic device for biological assays.

Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for HCV infection in serum or plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Chevaliez ◽  
Françoise Roudot-Thoraval ◽  
Christophe Hézode ◽  
Jean-Michel Pawlotsky ◽  
Richard Njouom
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Treatment

Aim: HCV diagnosis will become the bottleneck in eliminating hepatitis C. Simple, accurate and cost-effective testing strategies are urgently needed to improve hepatitis C screening and diagnosis. Materials & methods: Performance of seven rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) have been assessed in a large series (n = 498) of serum or plasma specimens collected in France and in Cameroon. Results: Specificity varied from 96.1 to 100%. The clinical sensitivity, compared with immunoassays as the reference, was high for all seven RDT (97.2–100%). The Multisure HCV antibody assay and OraQuick HCV rapid antibody test reached sensitivity ≥99%. Conclusion: A number of RDT may be suitable for WHO prequalification and may be implemented in the framework of large-scale low-cost treatment programs to achieve the WHO viral hepatitis objectives by 2030.

Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvat Zafar ◽  
Aiman Zafar ◽  
Fakhra Jabeen ◽  
Miad Ali Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Physical And Chemical

: Nanotechnology studies the various phenomena of physio-chemical procedures and biological properties for the generation of nanosized particles, and their rising challenges in the various sectors, like medicine, engineering, agriculture, electronic, and environmental studies. The nanosized particles exhibit good anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, drug delivery, anti-parasitic, anti-coagulant and catalytic properties because of their unique dimensions with large surface area, chemical stability and higher binding density for the accumulation of various bio-constituents on their surfaces. Biological approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reviewed because it is an easy and single-step protocol and a viable substitute for the synthetic chemical-based procedures. Physical and chemical approaches for the production of AgNPs are also mentioned herein. Biological synthesis has drawn attention because it is cost-effective, faster, non-pathogenic, environment-friendly, easy to scale-up for large-scale synthesis, and having no demand for usage of high pressure, energy, temperature, or noxious chemical ingredients, and safe for human therapeutic use. Therefore, the collaboration of nanomaterials with bio-green approaches could extend the utilization of biological and cytological properties compatible with AgNPs. In this perspective, there is an immediate need to develop ecofriendly and biocompatible techniques, which strengthen efficacy against microbes and minimize toxicity for human cells. The present study introduces the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and their potential biomedical applications have also been reviewed.

scholarly journals Large-scale remediation of oil-contaminated water using floating treatment wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Khadeeja Rehman ◽  
Ghulam Shabir ◽  
Razia Tahseen ◽  
Amna Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands

scholarly journals Effect of Protocatechuic Acid on Euglena gracilis Growth and Accumulation of Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9158
Author(s):  
Xiaomiao Tan ◽  
Jiangyu Zhu ◽  
Minato Wakisaka
Keyword(s):  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
First Time

The development of efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost approaches used to boost the growth of microalgae is urgently required to meet the increasing demands for food supplements, cosmetics, and biofuels. In this study, the growth promotion effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in the freshwater microalga Euglena gracilis were confirmed for the first time. PCA is a simple phenolic compound derived from natural plants and has a range of biological functions. The highest biomass yield, 3.1-fold higher than that of the control, used at 1.3 g·L−1, was obtained at 800 mg·L−1 of PCA. The yields of the metabolites chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and paramylon in the presence of PCA at 800 mg·L−1 were 3.1, 3.3, and 1.7 times higher than those of the control group, respectively. The highest paramylon yield was achieved at a lower dosage of PCA (100 mg·L−1), which is considered to be feasible for economic paramylon production. The growth and biosynthesis of metabolites stimulated by phytochemicals such as PCA could be an efficient and cost-effective strategy to enhance the productivity of microalgae in large-scale cultivations.

scholarly journals One year later: Highlighting the challenges and opportunities in disseminating a breathing-retraining digital behaviour change intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205520762093644
Author(s):  
Ben Ainsworth ◽  
Anne Bruton ◽  
Mike Thomas ◽  
Lucy Yardley
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Breathing Retraining ◽  
One Year ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Digital behaviour change interventions can provide effective and cost-effective treatments for a range of health conditions. However, after rigorous evaluation, there still remain challenges to disseminating and implementing evidence-based interventions that can hinder their effectiveness ‘in the real world’. We conducted a large-scale randomised controlled trial of self-guided breathing retraining, which we then disseminated freely as a digital intervention. Here we share our experience of this process after one year, highlighting the opportunities that digital health interventions can offer alongside the challenges that must be addressed in order to harness their effectiveness. Whilst such treatments can support many individuals at extremely low cost, careful dissemination strategies should be proactively planned in order to ensure such opportunities are maximised and interventions remain up to date in a fast-moving digital landscape.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Easy-to-Install, Low-Cost Dendrometer Band for Citizen-Science Tree Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Michael G Just ◽  
Steven D Frank
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractTree-stem growth is an important metric for evaluating many ecological and silvicultural research questions. However, answering these questions may require monitoring growth on many individual trees that span changing environments and geographies, which can incur significant costs. Recently, citizen science has been successfully employed as a cost-effective approach to collect data for large-scale projects that also increases scientific awareness. Still, citizen-science-led tree-growth monitoring requires the use of tools that are affordable, understandable, and accurate. Here, we compare an inexpensive, easy-to-install dendrometer band to two other bands that are more expensive with more complex installations. We installed a series of three dendrometers on 31 red maples (Acer rubrum) in two urban areas in the eastern United States. We found that the stem-growth measurements reported by these dendrometers were highly correlated and, thus, validate the utility of the inexpensive band.

scholarly journals Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munazzam Jawad Shahid ◽  
Ameena A. AL-surhanee ◽  
Fayza Kouadri ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Neeha Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Insight Into

This article provides useful information for understanding the specific role of microbes in the pollutant removal process in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). The current literature is collected and organized to provide an insight into the specific role of microbes toward plants and pollutants. Several aspects are discussed, such as important components of FTWs, common bacterial species, rhizospheric and endophytes bacteria, and their specific role in the pollutant removal process. The roots of plants release oxygen and exudates, which act as a substrate for microbial growth. The bacteria attach themselves to the roots and form biofilms to get nutrients from the plants. Along the plants, the microbial community also influences the performance of FTWs. The bacterial community contributes to the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, toxic metals, hydrocarbon, and organic compounds. Plant–microbe interaction breaks down complex compounds into simple nutrients, mobilizes metal ions, and increases the uptake of pollutants by plants. The inoculation of the roots of plants with acclimatized microbes may improve the phytoremediation potential of FTWs. The bacteria also encourage plant growth and the bioavailability of toxic pollutants and can alleviate metal toxicity.

scholarly journals Towards High Performance Chemical Vapour Deposition V2O5 Cathodes for Batteries Employing Aqueous Media

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5558
Author(s):  
Dimitra Vernardou ◽  
Charalampos Drosos ◽  
Andreas Kafizas ◽  
Martyn E. Pemble ◽  
Emmanouel Koudoumas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The need for clean and efficient energy storage has become the center of attention due to the eminent global energy crisis and growing ecological concerns. A key component in this effort is the ultra-high performance battery, which will play a major role in the energy industry. To meet the demands in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage systems, it is necessary to prepare advanced batteries with high safety, fast charge ratios, and discharge capabilities at a low cost. Cathode materials play a significant role in determining the performance of batteries. Among the possible electrode materials is vanadium pentoxide, which will be discussed in this review, due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity. Additionally, aqueous electrolytes, which are environmentally safe, provide an alternative approach compared to organic media for safe, cost-effective, and scalable energy storage. In this review, we will reveal the industrial potential of competitive methods to grow cathodes with excellent stability and enhanced electrochemical performance in aqueous media and lay the foundation for the large-scale production of electrode materials.

Development and verification of a general approach to describe the efficiency of vortex separators in combined sewer systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
T. Mietzel ◽  
K. Klepiszewski ◽  
G. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Pollutant Removal Efficiency

The water framework directive (CEC, 2000) asks for cost-effective measures for achieving good ecological conditions in receiving waters. Because of low operation costs and good pollutant removal efficiency, vortex separators (VS) are an attractive alternative to traditional stormwater tanks. The German design standard for CSO structures, ATV-A 128 (1992), demands long-term pollution load simulations. Today's simulation software, however, considers the removal processes in CSO structures either very rudimentarily or not at all. The higher pollutant removal efficiency of a structure like a VS cannot be taken into account. This might be one reason why VS are used still comparatively scarcely. A mathematical model describing the removal efficiency could increase the acceptance of VS. Several functions describing the removal efficiency have been derived from model tests or large-scale studies within the last few years. Within this paper, the data from three large-scale studies are used to verify the general applicability of one steady-state and one dynamic approach. The results show that the complex processes involved with CSO facilities and the large error related to monitoring make the validation of models a difficult task. Anyhow, especially the dynamic approach was applicable at all considered facilities.

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