scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEALTH RISK OF DRINKING WATER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazrul Razman Sulaiman ◽  
Nur Fadhilah Mohd Rafi ◽  
Shytie Nur Shafiqah Kamarudin ◽  
Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

This study investigates the physical and chemical properties of bottled water and tap water at a university campus in Pahang, Malaysia. A total of seven bottled water brands, consisting of natural mineral (NM) and packaged drinking (PD) types, were first randomly selected. Three source locations of tap water were also examined. All water samples were analysed for their physicochemical characteristics, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature (using a YSI multi-parameter), turbidity (using a turbidity meter) and selected trace metals, along with copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). Results were then examined against World Health Organization (WHO) and Malaysian Ministry of Health (MMOH) guidelines for drinking water. Health risks associated with trace metal were estimated using the risk assessment model. Turbidity values for tap water (2.85-4.94 NTU) were slightly higher than bottled water (0.77-1.03 NTU). A low turbidity value (0.77-0.93 NTU) suggests the presence of effective water treatment processes for NM bottled water. A low concentration of EC (0.003-0.010 mS/cm) indicates demineralization of PD bottled water. Overall quality of the bottled water and tap water was in compliance with guidelines recommended by WHO and MMOH, posing a minimum health risk and remaining safe for consumption.

scholarly journals Study of the properties of drinking water for Kirkuk city and its pollution in some areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Iman Hussein Zainulabdeen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Treatment Water ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was conducted to demonstrate the difference between drinking water quality for seven different areas of Kirkuk city with the treatment water in the main and three sub storages tanks, affected with drinking water pipe lines, supplying system Alternate and continuous and also pipes across the construction work’s areas. The physical and chemical properties (turbidity, pH, conductivity, Alkalinity, Total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, TDS (Total dissolve solids), TSS (Total suspended solids), sodium and potassium) for raw water and treated water in the Storages in addition to the supplying water from seven different areas in Kirkuk were analyzed, samples taken at a rate nine times during the month of March. Results showed that Drinking water of Dumez, Wasti, Shorja, Imam Qasim and Arubaa polluted with turbidity with an average levels of (8.68, 6.04, 7.41, 6.95, 7.64) NTU respectively, over the limit allowed by IBWA (International Bottled Water Association), 2012 and WHO (World Health Organization), 2006. The turbidity in the main and sub storages have reached (4.04, 4.09, 4.47, 4.16) NTU respectively, while other physical and chemical properties were within the allowed limits for human use. The pollution in those areas caused by the alternative supplying system of treatment water and it has negative impact on the pipelines, it includes constriction work in areas also where pipelines exist.

scholarly journals Arsenic Removal from Peruvian Drinking Water by Milk Protein Nanofibril-Carbon Filters: A Field Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenath Bolisetty ◽  
Akram Rahimi ◽  
Raffaele Mezzenga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Tap Water Quality ◽  
Health Organization

Tap water quality in Peru fails to meet the world health organization (WHO) drinking water standards; consequently, the local population in Peru has been exposed over the last years to...

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of Drinking Water in Kari Estate Bauchi Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad M Abubakar ◽  
Ibrahim Khalil Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Industrial Standards

Some sources of drinking water in Kari Estate in Bauchi Metropolis were analyzed for physicochemical contents and coliform contamination. A total of five samples were collected from different sources as follows: 2 sachets water, 2 wells, and tap water. The physicochemical analysis included the determinations of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, colour, suspended solids, odour, taste, total hardness, iron, nitrate, nitirite, manganese, ammonia, fluoride and cyanide. The two wells had total coliforms of 6 and 10 and faecal coliforms of 4 and 5 respectively. Tap water had total and faecal coliforms of 7 and 3 respectively. E. coli were identified in the samples from wells while Bacillus sp. were found in the tap water. Although the physicochemical contents of the samples were normal range, coliform counts of the wells and tap water were above those set by the Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Presence coliforms above the standards indicates contamination and that the water may be unsafe for drinking. The presence of E. coli suggests that improvement in monitoring and water hygiene practices should be employed to improve the drinking water quality.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Quality Assessment of Various Bottled Commercial Water Brands in Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. W. Ngubi ◽  
I. Eiroboyi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization

In this study, Physico-chemical assessment of some commercial drinking water sold in bottles in Okada Town was evaluated to ascertain their compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS): Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality threshold limits using standard analytical methods. Seven different bottled water samples obtained from different manufacturers labelled BWA to BWG were analyzed physically and chemically. Physical examination of the samples showed that they were odourless, colourless, and tasteless. Chemical quality parameters examined were pH, Chloride (Cl-), total hardness (TS), Phosphate (PHO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS). The pH values of 57.1% of the water samples (BWA, BWB, BWC, BWE & BWF) were within the standards. The remaining chemical quality parameters (Cl-, TS, PHO3-, NO3-, Sulphate SO42-, Iron Fe, K, NA, Mn, Zn, TDS, Conductivity, turbidity, and TSS) of the branded bottled water samples were within the standards for clean and safe drinking. Therefore, they were considered safe and fit for human consumption. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential human health risk and investigation of drinking water quality in Isparta city center (Turkey)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Varol ◽  
Aysen Davraz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
City Center ◽  
Rock Interaction

Isparta city center is selected as a work area in this study because the public believes that the tap water is dirty and harmful. In this study, the city's drinking water in the distribution system and other spring waters which are used as drinking water in this region were investigated from the point of water quality and health risk assessment. Water samples were collected from major drinking water springs, tap waters, treatment plants and dam pond in the Isparta province center. Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, Ca-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 are dominant water types. When compared to drinking water guidelines established by World Health Organization and Turkey, much greater attention should be paid to As, Br, Fe, F, NH4, PO4 through varied chemicals above the critical values. The increases of As, Fe, F, NH4 and PO4 are related to water–rock interaction. In tap waters, the increases of As and Fe are due to corrosion of pipes in drinking water distribution systems. The major toxic and carcinogenic chemicals within drinking water are As and Br for both tap water and spring water. Also, F is the non-carcinogenic chemical for only spring waters in the study area.

scholarly journals Combined Iron-Loaded Zeolites and Ozone-Based Process for the Purification of Drinking Water in a Novel Hybrid Reactor: Removal of Faecal Coliforms and Arsenic

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Amir Ikhlaq ◽  
Rida Fatima ◽  
Umair Yaqub Qazi ◽  
Rahat Javaid ◽  
Asia Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Ozone Dose

This study was carried out to provide a novel solution to treat drinking water at household levels, specifically removing arsenic (As) and faecal coliforms (microbes). In the current investigation, a synergistic iron-loaded zeolites and ozonation process (O3/Fe-ZA) was used for the first time in a modified batch reactor to remove coliform bacteria and arsenic in tap water. Moreover, the study utilizes the human health risk assessment model to confirm the health risk due to As intake in drinking water. The risk assessment study revealed a health risk threat among the residents suffering from the adverse effects of As through its intake in drinking water. Furthermore, the results also suggested that the O3/Fe-ZA process significantly removes faecal coliforms and As, when compared with single ozonation processes. Additionally, the ozone dose 0.2 mg/min and Fe-ZA dose of 10 g (in the O3/Fe-ZA process) gives the maximum removal efficiency of 100% within 15 min for faecal coliform removal. In 30 min, the removal efficiency of 88.4% was achieved at the ozone dose of 0.5 mg/min and 93% removal efficiency was achieved using 10 g Fe-ZA for the removal of As in the O3/Fe-ZA process. Hence, it was concluded that the O3/Fe-ZA process may be regarded as an effective method for removing faecal coliforms and As from drinking water compared to the single ozonation processes.

scholarly journals Study of Physicochemical Properties of Commercial Drinking Bottled Water Brands

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3576-3579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Jatoi ◽  
A. Q. Jakhrani ◽  
K. C. Mukwana ◽  
A. N. Laghari ◽  
M. M. Tunio
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Quality Checks ◽  
Health Organization

Drinking water quality is being affected by industrial effluents, pesticides and fertilizers, poor sanitation services and unhygienic practices. Thus, upper and middle-class people used to prefer bottled water for drinking instead of tap water. Increasing demand for bottled water leads to the presence of low quality branded waters in the market due to the high demand and improper quality checks. In this regard, this study is carried out to assess the physicochemical properties of various branded bottled waters. For that, ten different water brand samples, coded from S1 to S10, were collected from Safoora Goth, Karachi. Various physicochemical quality parameters of branded water samples were analyzed according to the set procedures of American Society for Testing and Materials. It was discovered that the pH levels of S9 and S8 bottled water brands were slightly less than World Health Organization guideline values. The physical and chemical quality parameters of S1, S2, S4, S5, S7, and S10 branded bottled water samples were found within standards.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics of Selected Sachet and Bottled Water in Abraka, Delta State

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
C. Otobrise ◽  
T.C. Azuh ◽  
E.I. Mmakwe ◽  
E. Ogbakpa ◽  
C.O. Tolorun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sachet Water

Some physicochemical properties of five brands of sachet and five brands of bottled water sold/produced in Abraka; Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State was investigated. Amounts of heavy in the water samples were also determined. The results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) respectively. Seventy percent of the samples had pH levels below the minimum level of 6.50 recommended by WHO and NSDWQ, suggesting that the water samples are acidic. The slight acidity of the water samples may not be unconnected to impurities from poor treatment techniques. Results for other physicochemical parameters: EC (78.60 ± 34.06 µs/cm), TDS (42.80 ± 18.46 mg/L), Temperature (30.02 ± 0.46 OC), Cl- (16.88 ± 7.01 mg/L), NO3- (0.12 ± 0.05 mg/L), NO2- (<0.001 mg/L), TH(10.60 ± 7.09 mg/L), Cu(0.05 ± 0.00 mg/L), Fe(0.34 ± 0.19 mg/L), Zn(0.11 ± 0.02 mg/L) and Mn (0.03 ± 0.00 mg/L) for sachet water samples; EC (99.60 ± 76.18 µs/cm), TDS (54.20 ± 41.84 mg/L), Temperature (29.96 ± 0.21 OC), Cl- (20.85 ± 17.44 mg/L), NO3- (0.12 ± 0.03 mg/L), NO2- (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/L), TH(15.00 ± 16.36 mg/L), Cu(0.04 ± 0.01 mg/L), Fe(0.20 ± 0.15 mg/L), Zn(0.11 ± 0.03 mg/L) and Mn (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/L) for bottled water samples; were within permissible limits, indicating that the water samples are good enough for human consumption.

scholarly journals Assessing Cadmium and Chromium Concentrations in Drinking Water to Predict Health Risk in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaz Farid Ahmed ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk

Although toxic Cd (cadmium) and Cr (chromium) in the aquatic environment are mainly from natural sources, human activities have increased their concentrations. Several studies have reported higher concentrations of Cd and Cr in the aquatic environment of Malaysia; however, the association between metal ingestion via drinking water and human health risk has not been established. This study collected water samples from four stages of the drinking water supply chain at Langat River Basin, Malaysia in 2015 to analyze the samples by inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations of Cd and Cr and the time-series river data (2004–2014) of these metals were significantly within the safe limit of drinking water quality standard proposed by the Ministry of Health Malaysia and the World Health Organization. Hazard quotient (HQ) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) values of Cd and Cr in 2015 and 2020 also indicate no significant human health risk of its ingestion via drinking water. Additionally, management of pollution sources in the Langat Basin from 2004 to 2015 decreased Cr concentration in 2020 on the basis of autoregression moving average. Although Cd and Cr concentrations were found to be within the safe limits at Langat Basin, high concentrations of these metals have been found in household tap water, especially due to the contamination in the water distribution pipeline. Therefore, a two-layer water filtration system should be introduced in the basin to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 agenda of a better and more sustainable future for all, especially via SDG 6 of supplying safe drinking water at the household level.

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