ULASAN KAEDAH KITAR SEMULA SISA BATERI

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhah Abdillahil Moktamin ◽  
Goh Choo Ta ◽  
Mazlin Mokhtar ◽  
Mohd Rozaimi Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method

The generation of waste batteries is increasing due to the wide application and short life span of batteries. The heavy metals used inside a battery are highly toxic and can cause harm to humans and to the environment. However, if waste batteries are recovered properly through a recycling process, precious metals inside the batteries can be extracted. In general, there are three methods for recycling waste batteries, namely pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and bio-hydrometallurgy. This article reviews and discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of these methods in recycling waste batteries. Based on the review, each recycling method has its specific characteristics. The hydrometallurgy method tends to be used for recycling Li-ion batteries while the pyrometallurgy method tends to eliminate plumbum in automotive waste batteries. In general, the hydrometallurgical method is commonly used for recycling batteries due to its shorter process and lower cost. 

Development of a recycling process for Li-ion batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Georgi-Maschler ◽  
B. Friedrich ◽  
R. Weyhe ◽  
H. Heegn ◽  
M. Rutz
Keyword(s):  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Li Ion

scholarly journals Effect of Heating on the Pretreatment Process for Recycling Li-Ion Battery Cathode

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Soraya Ulfa Muzayanha ◽  
Cornelius Satria Yudha ◽  
Luthfi Mufidatul Hasanah ◽  
Adrian Nur ◽  
Agus Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Active Material ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Li Ion

<p>The use of Li-ion batteries has increased with the increasing of portable electronic media. Li-ion batteries have a life cycle hence a recycling process is needed in order to reduce the potential hazard of waste while increasing the economic value of unused battery material, especially its cathode active material. This study used Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap to be regenerated which NCA material has high energy density and high capacity. The pretreatment process is one of the determinants in the subsequent recycling process. In this study, the effect of heating on the pretreatment process was carried out with variation temperatures of 500-800<sup>0</sup>C to obtain powder which will be recycled. The combination process of the leaching and co-precipitation was used to regenerate the cathode active material. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was performed to determine leaching efficiency using 4M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at 40<sup>0</sup>C for 3 hours. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that NCA material has been successfully regenerated which the diffraction peaks of NCA material was in accordance with JCPDS standards. The morphology of NCA material was tested using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical testing uses a cylindrical battery at 2.7-4.2 Volt which the initial specific discharge capacity of the power is 62.13 mAh / g.</p>

Resynthesis of NMC Type Cathode from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jihad ◽  
Affiano Akbar Nur Pratama ◽  
Salsabila Ainun Nisa ◽  
Shofirul Sholikhatun Nisa ◽  
Cornelius Satria Yudha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Battery Recycling ◽  
Li Ion

Li-ion batteries are one of the most popular energy storage devices widely applied to various kinds of equipment, such as mobile phones, medical and military equipment, etc. Therefore, due to its numerous advantages, especially on the NMC type, there is a predictable yearly increase in Li-ion batteries' demand. However, even though it is rechargeable, Li-ion batteries also have a usage time limit, thereby increasing the amount of waste disposed of in the environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum conditions and the potential and challenges from the waste Li-ion battery recycling process, which consists of pretreatment, metal extraction, and product preparation. Data were obtained by studying the literature related to Li-ion battery waste's recycling process, which was then compiled into a review. The results showed that the most optimum recycling process of Li-ion batteries consists of metal extraction by a leaching process that utilizes H2SO4 and H2O2 as leaching and reducing agents, respectively. Furthermore, it was proceeding with the manufacturing of a new Li-ion battery.

scholarly journals Artificial wastewater treatment from recycling process of LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries using activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 (1) ◽  
pp. 012069
Author(s):  
L Prasakti ◽  
A Prasetya ◽  
R M S D Suryohendrasworo ◽  
S N S H Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Process ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Industry

Abstract In 2025, the demand of Li-ion batteries is estimated to reach 400,000 tons. A strategic effort is needed especially in the battery industry to realize sustainable use of Li-ion batteries. Spent batteries are being recycled using hydrometallurgical process to collect the lithium. This purifying process consists of leaching and precipitation which results in finding of lithium and sodium ions in the wastewater. To use water efficiently, wastewater is projected to be reused in the hydrometallurgical process. In order to do that, metal ions must be reduced from water to meet quality standards. In this experiment, granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated carbon block (CTO) were used as the adsorbent in a 30 minutes semi-continuous system. Samples were taken at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes at room temperature. Based on the result, granular activated carbon’s highest percentage of removal were 11.71% for lithium and 19.51% for sodium, and activated carbon block’s highest percentage of removal were 10.33% for lithium and 14.65% for sodium. It is observed from this experiment that the capacity of both adsorbents to remove lithium and sodium ions decreased after 20 minutes.

scholarly journals Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Larouche ◽  
Farouk Tedjar ◽  
Kamyab Amouzegar ◽  
Georges Houlachi ◽  
Patrick Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
Alternative Solutions

An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

A green recycling process designed for LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 11493-11502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jeong Shin ◽  
Soo Kim ◽  
Jae-Kyo Noh ◽  
Dongjin Byun ◽  
Kyung Yoon Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Lifepo4 Cathode ◽  
Li Ion

A green process route is proposed to recycle LiFePO4 cathode materials from FePO4·2H2O metastrengite I intermediate phase.

The Importance of Li-Ion Batteries Recycling Process Based on Their Characterization and Economical Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Fonseca Guimarães ◽  
Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior ◽  
Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Li Ion
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