THE POTENTIAL OF ARTIFICIAL LIVE ROCK AS SUBTRATE FOR CORAL SPAT AND EPIBENTHIC ORGANISMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamizan, Y. ◽  
Shahbudin, S. ◽  
Noor Faizul Hadry ◽  
Mahfuzah, Y. ◽  
Rafindde, R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Turf Algae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Live Rock

Over-exploitation on natural live rock promotes the degradation of ocean ecosystem. This concern has been raised since harvesting may reduce the density of marine ornamentals and degrade marine habitat quality. This study aims to develop artificial live rocks (ALR) that potentially to be used as one of the alternatives to reduce the overharvesting activity toward natural live rocks. The study was conducted at Bidong Island, Terengganu started from April to October 2014. There were 2 types of ALR used in this study; rough and smooth surfaces. A total of 64 pieces of ALR were deployed in April 2014 and retrieved in June, August and October 2014 respectively. Identification in terms of coral spat species and macrobenthic organisms was done after the each retrieval. Coral spat was identified based on the morphology of their columella, septa and corallite wall by using Dinolight Digital Camera. Four species of coral juveniles (Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, Seriatopora hystrix and Acropora millepora) were found attached on ALR surfaces. Whereby, there were 11 phyla of epibenthic organisms were found to attach on ALR which dominated by turf algae and red algae. Percentage coverage of epibenthic calculated using Coral Point Count with Excel extension (CPCe) shown ALR was dominated by turf algae after 2 months (69%) and 4 months (20%) of deployment respectively. Afterward, Red algae (31%) dominated after 6 months of deployment. There was significant difference between coral species and the surfaces (p<0.05). However, no significant difference between types of surfaces with sessile macrobenthic organisms (p>0.05). This finding showed that ALR has a potential to be upgraded as artificial reef towards marine habitat restoration.

Larval dispersal of Pocillopora damicornis at high latitude coral communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Latitudinal Range ◽  
Outer Area

In order to elucidate the patterns of dispersal in scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis near the northern limit of its latitudinal range, a total of 50 colonies (15-25 cm in diameter) of this coral were collected from Ooshima Island, Japan, and transplanted within one hour to the area of Satsuki, where they were not present before. Three concentric areas were established such as; the parental area (PA), intermediate area (IA) and outer area (OA). A total of 831 new corals were found in 1997 while 54.3% of these occurred in PA, 30.5% in IA and 15.1% in OA. In 1998, 52.3% of recruits settled in PA, 30.5% in IA and 17.2% in OA. A significant difference in the density of recruits was found among three areas, but recruit density was not significantly different between years and there was no interaction between area and year. There was no significant difference in the number of recruits among different directions, indicating no tendency for larvae to be concentrated in one particular direction. The present study suggests that the planulae of P. damicornis have limited dispersal distances at high-latitudes© Untuk menjelaskan pola penyebaran karang scleractinia Pocillopora damicornis yang berada di batas Utara penyebarannya, total 50 koloni (15-25 cm) dari karang ini dikumpulkan dari Pulau Ooshima, Jepang, dan di transplantasikan dalam waktu satu jam ke daerah Satsuki yang tidak ditemukan jenis ini. Tiga daerah ditetapkan yaitu, Daerah Induk (PA), Daerah Tengah (IA), dan Daerah Luar (OA). Sebanyak 831 karang baru ditemukan pada tahun 1997, sementara 54,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA dan 15,1% di OA. Pada tahun 1998, 52,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA, dan 17,2% di OA. Ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan untuk kepadatan antara ketiga daerah tersebut, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antar tahun dan tidak ada interaksi antara daerah dan tahun. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jumlah pada arah yang berbeda sehingga hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada kecenderungan bagi larva untuk terkonsentrasi pada satu arah tertentu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa planula P.

scholarly journals Thermal stress reduces pocilloporid coral resilience to ocean acidification by impairing control over calcifying fluid chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. eaba9958
Author(s):  
Maxence Guillermic ◽  
Louise P. Cameron ◽  
Ilian De Corte ◽  
Sambuddha Misra ◽  
Jelle Bijma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Coral Calcification ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Different Time Scales

The combination of thermal stress and ocean acidification (OA) can more negatively affect coral calcification than an individual stressors, but the mechanism behind this interaction is unknown. We used two independent methods (microelectrode and boron geochemistry) to measure calcifying fluid pH (pHcf) and carbonate chemistry of the corals Pocillopora damicornis and Stylophora pistillata grown under various temperature and pCO2 conditions. Although these approaches demonstrate that they record pHcf over different time scales, they reveal that both species can cope with OA under optimal temperatures (28°C) by elevating pHcf and aragonite saturation state (Ωcf) in support of calcification. At 31°C, neither species elevated these parameters as they did at 28°C and, likewise, could not maintain substantially positive calcification rates under any pH treatment. These results reveal a previously uncharacterized influence of temperature on coral pHcf regulation—the apparent mechanism behind the negative interaction between thermal stress and OA on coral calcification.

scholarly journals Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different composition of faba kerbstone artificial reef

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruly Isfatul khasanah ◽  
ENDANG YULI HERAWATI ◽  
ANIK MARTINAH HARIATI ◽  
MOHAMMAD MAHMUDI ◽  
AIDA SARTIMBUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Acropora Formosa

Abstract. Khasanah RI, Herawati EY, Hariati AM, Mahmudi M, Sartimbul A, Wiadnya DGR, Asrial E, Yudatomo, Nabil R. 2019. Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different compositions of faba kerbstone artificial reef. Biodiversitas 20: 3593-3598. A counter measure and an alternative technique to reduce coral reef destruction is through transplantation, which requires the relocation or cutting of a live coral, planted in a designated place containing damaged varieties. Faba kerbstone is a product innovation similar to paving block/brick, made from fly and bottom ash (FABA), which is the dominant waste product from PT Jawa Power, Probolinggo, Indonesia. In addition, it has also been widely utilized as a raw material in the creation of paving and concrete blocks, composed by harmless material, with a length, width, and height of 40, 25 and 15 cm, respectively. This study aims to observe the growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on a faba kerbstone, using five different fly and bottom ash compositions: K1 = 0% Fa, K2 = 25% Fa and 75% Ba, K3 = 50% FA and 50% Ba, K4 = 75% Fa and 25% Ba, while K5 = 100% Fa and 0% Ba. Furthermore, the observations were conducted underwater, using scuba diving for six months, observing the parameters of fragment length, colony diameter, and branches number. In addition, the highest elongation rate of A. formosa coral fragments was identified at K2 (1.313 ± 0.447 cm/month), and K1 (1.185 ± 0.642 cm/month), while the most significant increment in colony diameter was observed in K2 (0.077 ± 0.060 cm/month) and K1 (0.063 ± 0.071 cm/month), and the largest number of branches was also found in K2 (29.50 or 4.28 branches/month) and K1 (25.25 or 3.67 branches/month). Furthermore, the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (p = 0.05) showed was no significant difference in the fragments elongation and colony diameters in the K1 and K2 models, although there was substantial variation from the K3, K4, and K5.

scholarly journals Perception and Characterization of Posed Smile: A Photographic Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 030157422096341
Author(s):  
Sukhpal Kaur ◽  
Sanjeev Soni ◽  
Anil Prashar ◽  
and Rajdeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maxillary Tooth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Buccal Corridor

Aims of the Study: The aims of the study are: (a) to compare the perceptions of dental specialists and laypeople regarding smile esthetics; (b) to compare male and female smile parameters; (c) to find influence of smile parameters on esthetics of smile. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) of age 18 to 25 years. Frontal posed photographs of all subjects were taken using a digital camera and rated on a visual analog scale by 10 dental specialists and 10 laypersons. Measurements made on photographs were used to analyze various parameters of smile, such as buccal corridor space, smile arc, modified smile index, anterior height of smile, most posterior maxillary tooth visible, and midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum. Results: Visual analog scale values showed that 6 photographs were rated as very good (3 males, 3 females), 29 as good (11 males, 18 females), 21 as average (13 males, 8 females), and 4 photographs were rated as bad (3 males, 1 female). A high correlation was observed between ratings of dental specialists and layperson’s ratings for both male and female smiles. Most of the subjects had non-consonant smile arc, and a high correlation was found between buccal corridor space on right and left sides in both males and females. Most of the male and female smiles had an average anterior height of smile; permanent maxillary first molar was the last tooth visible during smile (73.3% females, 66.7 males); and 55% subjects had coincident midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in perception of dental specialists and laypersons regarding esthetics of smile. Smile arc and anterior height of smile influenced the esthetics of smile. No significant difference was found between male and female smile parameters except modified smile index.

scholarly journals Measuring Vegetation Phenology with Near-Surface Remote Sensing in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Effects of Sensor Type and Deployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Liu ◽  
Xingchang Wang ◽  
Chuankuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperate Deciduous

Near-surface remote sensing is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of canopy phenology, but the uncertainties involved in sensor-types and their deployments are rarely explored. We comprehensively compared three types of sensor (i.e., digital camera, spectroradiometer, and routine radiometer) at different inclination- and azimuth-angles in monitoring canopy phenology of a temperate deciduous forest in Northeast China for three years. The results showed that the greater contribution of understory advanced the middle of spring (MOS) for large inclination-angle of camera and spectroradiometer. The length of growing season estimated by camera from the east direction extended 11 d than that from the north direction in 2015 due to the spatial heterogeneity, but there was no significant difference in 2016 and 2018.The difference infield of view of sensors caused the MOS and the middle of fall, estimated by camera, to lag a week behind those by spectroradiometer and routine radiometer. Overall, the effect of azimuth-angle was greater than that of inclination-angle or sensor-type. Our assessments of the sensor types and their deployments are critical for the long-term accurate monitoring of phenology at the site scale and the regional/global-integration of canopy phenology data.

The influence of an offshore artificial reef on the abundance of fish in the surrounding pelagic environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Scott ◽  
James A. Smith ◽  
Michael B. Lowry ◽  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Iain M. Suthers
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pelagic Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Scale Effect ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi ◽  
Natural Reefs ◽  
Sydney Australia

Artificial reefs are a popular fisheries management tool, but the effect of these reefs on the abundance of fish in the surrounding pelagic environment is uncertain. Pelagic baited remote underwater video (PBRUV) was used to observe the fish assemblage surrounding an offshore artificial reef (OAR), near Sydney, Australia. PBRUVs were deployed at three distances (30, 100, 500m) from the OAR, and compared with a drop camera deployed directly over the OAR. There was a significantly greater abundance of fish on the OAR, but no significant difference in abundance at the 30-, 100- or 500-m distances. Two highly mobile non-resident species (Seriola lalandi, Pseudocaranx dentex) were significantly more abundant on the OAR, but this association was not detected 30m away. The lack of a significant difference in total fish abundance, or in assemblage composition, between the 30-, 100- and 500-m distances suggests that any association with the OAR is on a localised scale (<30m). One exception was the ocean leatherjacket (Nelusetta ayraudi), which had an association detected 100m from the OAR. This predominantly small-scale effect may be influenced by the proximity of this OAR to numerous natural reefs.

scholarly journals Fish colonization of the artificial reef at Gusung Batu Lampe Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a preliminary study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Iwan Suyatna ◽  
Nova Andika Saptura ◽  
Ristiana Eryati ◽  
Adnan Adnan ◽  
Muchlis Effendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Species Number ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concrete Blocks

Background: Artificial reefs can be utilized as new habitats to restore fish populations in degraded coral reef environments. This study evaluated the restoring ability of the artificial reef set at Gusung Batu Lampe should be investigated by observing the fish population colonizing the reef. Methods: A fish visual census was applied to identify the species and count their numbers at the site. Underwaterline transect was used to limit the observation area to 200 m2 measured with 50m roll meter. The reef structure comprised 34 tetrahedral concrete blocks arranged in a row, which was 60 cm x 60 cm at the base, 35 cm x 35 cm on top and 60 cm high, and has four holes.  Two scuba divers descended, one to ensure the safety of the divers and the other to observe the fish. Each dive took place over 30–45 minutes, and was conducted at 09:00, 13:00 and 17:00. Surveys were performed four times: in November and December 2016, and in January and July 2017. Results: Results showed that fish colonization composed of 180 to 283 individual number with taxa between 13 and 25 species.  Number of fish in colonization was found significant difference among observation times, and fish species from the family Chaetodontidae were observed in every survey. Conclusions: A total of 38 fish species from 16 families were identified colonizing the reef during surveys, and in four month observation the fish colonization size increased from the fish density of 1/4.444 m2 to 1/1.481 m2, confirming the ability of  the reef  to restore fish population.

scholarly journals Extended-pour and conventional alginates: effect of storage time on dimensional accuracy and maintenance of details

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Basso BITENCOURT ◽  
Isabela Araguê CATANOZE ◽  
Emily Vivianne Freitas da SILVA ◽  
Karina Helga Leal TURCIO ◽  
Daniela Micheline dos SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability and maintenance of details of conventional and high stability alginates up to 5-day storage. Methods: Two types of alginates were selected (n=10) for this study, conventional (Hydrogum) and high stability alginates (Hydrogum 5), which were produced with the aid of a cylindrical metal block and a ring-shaped metal mold (Specifications 18, 19, and 25, ANSI/ADA). Ten images were obtained from the molds for the dimensional stability test, which were taken immediately after their production and at each different storage periods (15 min, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 120 h) by a digital camera. The specimens were kept hermetically sealed in plastic bags (23°C) and then used to obtain 140 (n=70) dental stone models, used in the detail reproduction test, in which the angular accuracy of three grooves (20 µm, 50 µm, and 75 µm) was observed at each period. The details reproduction accuracy was classified using a predetermined score classification. Measurements of dimensional changes were made in the Corel DRAW X6 program. The data were submitted to the Student’s t-test (α?#8197;= 0.05). Results: A statistically significant difference concerning the size of the matrix was observed after 24h for both alginates, and a statistically significant negative linear dimensional change (contraction) was verified after 24 h of storage (1.52% for the high stability alginate, and 1.32% for the conventional alginate). The high stability alginate kept the full details for 72 hours, while the conventional alginate, for 24 h. Both alginates reproduced the 75 µm groove at all storage periods. Conclusion: Impressions made with both alginates presented satisfactory clinical results when the alginates were immediately poured.

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