A STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN ARUN LNG PLANT

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahidin Mahidin ◽  
Hamdani Hamdani ◽  
Jailani Ibrahim ◽  
Teuku Zubir ◽  
Agus Nur Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Liquefaction Plant ◽  
Gas Refinery

Energy conservation is an important issue in all sectoral activities, especially in processing industries such as natural gas refinery and liquefaction plant, petrochemical and cement mill in which energy isused in large amount. This paper presents a discussion on the experience in establishment and implementation the energy conservation program, including the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission achieved in the last four years in Arun LNG Plant, a commercial natural gas liquefaction plant in Aceh, Indonesia with a capacity of 2.2 million ton LNG per year. In addition, an analysis on the specific energy consumption and CO2 reduction is provided. The Energy Management Matrix was adopted in assessment of the energy management implementation in theArun LNG Plant. It was found that the efficiency of the plant tended to decrease from year to year, which was represented by the specificity of fuel consumption (accounted based on the LNG product). In 2010 the specific fuel consumption was 0.0088 mmscf per m3 LNG product; it was up to 0.0234 in 2013. Fortunately, it was observed that the specific CO2 reduction (calculated on the LNG product basis) increased during tlast four years; in 2010 and 2013 the specific CO2 reduction was 0.195 and 0.518 ton per 105 m3 LNG produced, respectively.

scholarly journals Using alternative fuels to increase energy efficiency in the transport sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Olga Gamayunova ◽  
Kirill Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Constant Increase ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency

The trend of recent years is the constant increase in fuel consumption by transport. Transport is the most important consumer of the highest quality types of liquid fuel, a large consumer of electricity. The article describes the main types of alternative fuel, the advantages of replacing gasoline with natural gas, evaluates the economic efficiency of conversing a car to gas and proposes general measures for energy conservation and energy efficiency in the transport sector.

scholarly journals Development of Road Freight Transport Indicators Focused on Sustainability to Assist Shippers: An Analysis Conducted in France through the FRET 21 Programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9641
Author(s):  
Nathalie Touratier-Muller ◽  
Jacques Jaussaud
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Standards Compliance ◽  
Road Freight

The transport procurement process is based on criteria selected by shippers when soliciting tenders from carriers. Although sustainable transport indicators are not yet a formal selection criterion in France, some indicators are starting to be gradually considered in freight transport contracts between shippers and carriers. Dispersed information can be gathered regarding Euro 5 and Euro 6 standards compliance for trucks, their fuel consumption, the number of signatory shippers to the CO2 reduction charter, and the search for less-polluting alternative freight solutions. However, these elements are difficult to quantify, and it is often hard to formalise and evaluate their related performance. Therefore, the objective of this article is to draw up, at the request of ADEME (the French Environment and Energy Management Agency), a series of reliable, operational sustainable transport indicators that can be applied to all shippers regardless of their size or industry sector. As part of the FRET 21 charter deployment in France, this article proposes a list of measurable sustainability indicators to support transport buyers when selecting freight carriers.

The Performance of Portable Evacuation Compressors in Gas Transmission Service

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hladun ◽  
F. Wong ◽  
S. A. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Line Section ◽  
Set Up

As part of an extensive energy conservation program, Nova, an Alberta Corporation has purchased a portable evacuation or pulldown compressor. This unit can save much of the natural gas that was previously vented to atmosphere when sections of line were shut down for construction, maintenance or repair. In December, 1979 the company placed into service a 3000-kW pulldown package based upon an eight-stage intercooled centrifugal compressor powered by a two-shaft gas turbine. The unit is a complete trailer-mounted compressor station that can be set-up at a pipeline block-valve in only 4 hr. The pulldown can evacuate the isolated line section down to 1/5 of the original pressure, thereby saving some 75 percent of the high pressure gas. This paper will examine the advantageous economics of the pulldown compressor as well as outline its salient design and operating characteristics.

scholarly journals Investigation of Effect on Environmental Performance of Using LNG as Fuel for Engines in Seaport Tugboats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Lukas Norkevičius ◽  
Peilin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
The Baltic

Decarbonization of ship power plants and reduction of harmful emissions has become a priority in the technological development of maritime transport, including ships operating in seaports. Engines fueled by diesel without using secondary emission reduction technologies cannot meet MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The MEPC.203 (62) EEDI directive of the IMO also stipulates a standard for CO2 emissions. This study presents the results of research on ecological parameters when a CAT 3516C diesel engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-liquefied natural gas) powered Wartsila 9L20DF engine on an existing seaport tugboat. CO2, SO2 and NOx emission reductions were estimated using data from the actual engine load cycle, the fuel consumption of the KLASCO-3 tugboat, and engine-prototype experimental data. Emission analysis was performed to verify the efficiency of the dual-fuel engine in reducing CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions of seaport tugboats. The study found that replacing a diesel engine with a dual-fuel-powered engine led to a reduction in annual emissions of 10% for CO2, 91% for SO2, and 65% for NOx. Based on today’s fuel price market data an economic impact assessment was conducted based on the estimated annual fuel consumption of the existing KLASCO-3 seaport tugboat when a diesel-powered engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-natural gas)-powered engine. The study showed that a 33% fuel costs savings can be achieved each year. Based on the approved methodology, an ecological impact assessment was conducted for the entire fleet of tugboats operating in the Baltic Sea ports if the fuel type was changed from diesel to natural gas. The results of the assessment showed that replacing diesel fuel with natural gas achieved 78% environmental impact in terms of NOx emissions according to MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The research concludes that new-generation engines on the market powered by environmentally friendly fuels such as LNG can modernise a large number of existing seaport tugboats, significantly reducing their emissions in ECA regions such as the Baltic Sea.

Hierarchical energy management strategy considering switching schedule for a dual-mode hybrid electric vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110297
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Riming Xu ◽  
Lijin Han ◽  
Shumin Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Energy management strategies are critical for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to improve fuel economy. To solve the dual-mode HEV energy management problem combined with switching schedule and power distribution, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed in this paper. The mode planning controller is twofold. First, the mode schedule is obtained according to the mode switch map and driving condition, then a switch hunting suppression algorithm is proposed to flatten the mode schedule through eliminating unnecessary switch. The proposed algorithm can reduce switch frequency while fuel consumption remains nearly unchanged. The power distribution controller receives the mode schedule and optimizes power distribution between the engine and battery based on the Radau pseudospectral knotting method (RPKM). Simulations are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control strategy. For the mode planning controller, as the flattening threshold value increases, the fuel consumption remains nearly unchanged, however, the switch frequency decreases significantly. For the power distribution controller, the fuel consumption obtained by RPKM is 4.29% higher than that of DP, while the elapsed time is reduced by 92.53%.

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