A REVIEW OF HOUSING PROVISION AND THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING DELIVERY IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ABUJA, NIGERIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayyanu Muhammad ◽  
Foziah Johar ◽  
Soheil Sabri ◽  
Zungwenen Utange Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
High Rent ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Populous Country

Housing, despite being one of the essential elements in the sustainability of human existence, remains a challenge particularly in the global south. Nigeria, the most populous country in west Africa has a gross housing deficit of seventeen million houses. This deficit keeps increasing due to high rate of urbanization and population growth thereby resulting in high rent, overcrowding and poor living conditions. Numerous research studies predominantly focused on investigating the challenges of housing delivery on the basis of quantity and quality perspectives. However, there is a dearth of evidence-based studies regarding the challenges militating against sustainable housing provision. This paper attempts to fill this gap by presenting an overview of the housing provision and the challenges militating against sustainable housing provision in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The article indicated that despite concerted efforts involving the adoption of both public sector “provider” and “enabler” approaches, challenges still exit towards sustainable housing delivery particularly to the low-income group. The paper recommends that housing policies and programs in the country should be designed to address the multi benefit objectives of social, economic and environmental dimensions of housing so as to achieve sustainable housing delivery in the country. 

Prefab Materials for Self Build Housing System in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Wan Srihani Wan Mohamed ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Nik Fazlysham Nik Mat ◽  
Aznida Azlan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Self Help ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Low Cost Housing

Prefabricated system has been used extensively in many developed and developing countries to provide low cost housing. There are many case studies that took the advantage of prefabricated system as part of self help approach in house construction. Prefabricated system in self help housing proved to be cost effective, provide employment opportunities, utilise low skill levels and maximise local natural resources. Malaysia is also promoting prefabricated system to be used in low cost housing provision. There are obstacles to implement such technology into the conventional construction industry. This paper investigates the possibility of adapting local resources, such as timber, into prefabricated components as a mean to promote not only modular coordination concept but also promote self build approach in the community at a lower skill labour. It is not an immediate solution to housing issues yet it provides alternatives to house the low income group and contribute to increase the supply of housing.

scholarly journals Unifying global pandemic preparedness efforts

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Jesus Siller-Farfan ◽  
Stephanie Gaglione
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
International Health ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Policies And Programs

The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the need for pandemic preparedness to be considered a global rather than a national metric. The 2005 International Health Regulations and supporting policy provide a foundation for building pandemic preparedness and health security in all countries. Examining the engagement of high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries in existing policies and programs, each income group can redress different challenges. With improved engagement in international regulations, targeted donor programs by high-income countries, and strengthened core health capacities in middle- and low-income countries, global pandemic preparedness is possible within the existing policy landscape.

Are Status of Women and Contraceptive Prevalence Correlated in Pakistan?

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1057-1073
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Status Of Women

Pakistan with an estimated population of around 142.5 million in mid 2001 is the seventh most populous country in the world and fourth in Asia and Pacific countries. The historical trends indicate a continuously increasing growth in population (Table 1). The population of the area now constituting Pakistan was 16.6 million in 1901. Since then the population has increased over eight-fold. Annual growth rates have risen from 1 percent in the first three decades of the century to around 2 percent in the next three decades and after peaking at little over 3 percent in the 1960s, has started showing a declining trend. Currently it is estimated that Pakistan’s population is growing at around 2.1 percent, still a very high rate of annual growth in population. Major contributing factor to the fast growth in population of Pakistan has been high fertility which has remained high for a very long period. It is evident that nearly 100 million population has been added to the population of Pakistan since 1961, that is, during the last four decades. Such rapid growth in population has several adverse implications for the socio-economic development of the country which has been offsetting the gains in social and economic development.

scholarly journals Global trends in medical education accreditation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bedoll ◽  
Marta van Zanten ◽  
Danette McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
The World ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Accreditation systems in medical education aim to assure various stakeholders that graduates are ready to further their training or begin practice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of medical education accreditation around the world and describe the incidence and variability of these accreditation agencies worldwide. This paper explores trends in agency age, organization, and scope according to both World Bank region and income group. Methods To find information on accreditation agencies, we searched multiple online accreditation and quality assurance databases as well as the University of Michigan Online Library and the Google search engine. All included agencies were recorded on a spreadsheet along with date of formation or first accreditation activity, name changes, scope, level of government independence, accessibility and type of accreditation standards, and status of WFME recognition. Comparisons by country region and income classification were made based on the World Bank’s lists for fiscal year 2021. Results As of August 2020, there were 3,323 operating medical schools located in 186 countries or territories listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools. Ninety-two (49%) of these countries currently have access to undergraduate accreditation that uses medical-specific standards. Sixty-four percent (n = 38) of high-income countries have medical-specific accreditation available to their medical schools, compared to only 20% (n = 6) of low-income countries. The majority of World Bank regions experienced the greatest increase in medical education accreditation agency establishment since the year 2000. Conclusions Most smaller countries in Europe, South America, and the Pacific only have access to general undergraduate accreditation, and many countries in Africa have no accreditation available. In countries where medical education accreditation exists, the scope and organization of the agencies varies considerably. Regional cooperation and international agencies seem to be a growing trend. The data described in our study can serve as an important resource for further investigations on the effectiveness of accreditation activities worldwide. Our research also highlights regions and countries that may need focused accreditation development support.

scholarly journals The Impact of Urban Recreation Environment on Residents’ Happiness—Based on a Case Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5549
Author(s):  
Lei Kang ◽  
Zhaoping Yang ◽  
Fang Han
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Recreation

Rapid urbanization promotes the expansion of urban tourism and recreation functions, but it also brings many problems, which affect residents’ happiness. Previous studies have emphasized the direct impact of urban recreation environment on happiness, and few have explored the indirect impact of urban recreation environment on happiness through subjective evaluation. Based on the survey data of nearly 10,000 permanent residents in 40 key tourism cities in China, this paper establishes a theoretical framework of the direct and indirect impact of urban recreation environment on happiness. The objective evaluation of natural recreation environment and sociocultural recreation environment has an important influence on happiness, but the influence of natural recreation environment is greater than that of sociocultural recreation environment. Individual subjective satisfaction with urban recreation environment mediates the relationship between urban objective environment and happiness. Urban parks have a positive effect on happiness, while tourist attractions have a negative effect. The influence of urban location on happiness is nonlinear. The high-income group is more sensitive to the recreation environment, while the low-income group is less sensitive to the recreation environment. These findings provide insights for further improving citizens’ quality of life and designing urban construction in developing countries under the conditions of rapid urbanization.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: the implications of the natural history, challenges of diagnosis and management for care in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Omo-Aghoja ◽  
Emuesiri Goodies Moke ◽  
Kenneth Kelechi Anachuna ◽  
Adrian Itivere Omogbiya ◽  
Emuesiri Kohworho Umukoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Identification Technique ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Policies And Programs

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection which has afflicted virtually almost all nations of the earth. It is highly transmissible and represents one of the most serious pandemics in recent times, with the capacity to overwhelm any healthcare system and cause morbidity and fatality. Main content The diagnosis of this disease is daunting and challenging as it is dependent on emerging clinical symptomatology that continues to increase and change very rapidly. The definitive test is the very expensive and scarce polymerase chain reaction (PCR) viral identification technique. The management has remained largely supportive and empirical, as there are no officially approved therapeutic agents, vaccines or antiviral medications for the management of the disease. Severe cases often require intensive care facilities and personnel. Yet there is paucity of facilities including the personnel required for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It is against this backdrop that a review of key published reports on the pandemic in SSA and globally is made, as understanding the natural history of a disease and the documented responses to diagnosis and management is usually a key public health strategy for designing and improving as appropriate, relevant interventions. Lead findings were that responses by most nations of SSA were adhoc, paucity of public health awareness strategies and absence of legislations that would help enforce preventive measures, as well as limited facilities (including personal protective equipment) and institutional capacities to deliver needed interventions. Conclusion COVID-19 is real and has overwhelmed global health care system especially low-income countries of the sub-Sahara such as Nigeria. Suggestions for improvement of healthcare policies and programs to contain the current pandemic and to respond more optimally in case of future pandemics are made herein.

Abstract 264: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Cumulative Effect of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Automated External Defibrillator and Automated Load Distributing Band Device Use on Return of Spontaneous Circulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil El Sanadi ◽  
Todd Leduc ◽  
Gabriel Thornton ◽  
David Erdman ◽  
Jason Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Initial Rhythm ◽  
Chain Of Survival ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction : Early bystander C.P.R., A.E.D. use and continuous chest compressions are essential elements of the a.h.a. “chain of survival”. Bystander C.P.R. and A.E.D. use in urban settings are becoming more prevalent. The use of an automated load distributing band (l.d.b.) device for O.H.C.A. management in a large metropolitan area by paramedics was implemented in the winter of 2007; in 9 municipalities, 582 paramedics were trained to use the l.d.b. device as part of a.l.s. measures. A retrospective paramedic “run-sheet” review was performed from 4/2008 - 8/2009 for all nontraumatic adult cardiac arrests. R.O.S.C. on arrival to the emergency departments (e.d.) was the endpoint. Methods: 86 adult nontraumatic O.H.C.A. rehorts were found. each of the prehospital reports were reviewed. Utstein data elements were collected. bystander C.P.R. with “caller-aided” dispatch, A.E.D. use, paramedic use of standard a.h.a. resuscitation alogarthythms in addition to use of an automated l.d.b. device use (auto pulse® zoll) was recorded. Minitab 15 statistical software was used to evaluate the data. The cumulative effect of sequential “chain-of-survival” components was calculated. Results: the mean age was 63 Y.O.; there were 58 males and 28 females. The initial rhythm was: v.fib, pulseless v.tach, P.E.A., or asystole. Chain of survival cumulative synergistic effect on R.O.S.C. Conclusion: When bystander C.P.R., in addition to A.E.D. and autopulse were utilized synegistically, R.O.S.C. on e.d. arrival was 71%. When bystander C.P.R. and autopulse were used (without A.E.D. use) only 49% of patients had R.O.S.C. on e.d. arrival. Which is higher than previously reported: Hallstrom et al. (2006): 26% and Ong et al. (2006): 35%. When the l.d.b. device was used with a.l.s., R.O.S.C. was only 20%; which may be due to delayed care; since no efforts were made to resuscitate patients until the paramedics arrived. Our data reaffirms that early bystander C.P.R. and A.E.D. use are essential for achieving a high rate of R.O.S.C.

Inpatients’ experience and the associated factors: A cross-sectional study at Lung hospital, Son La, in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Huu Thang Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Thi Nguyet Minh Doan ◽  
Thanh Huong Tran ◽  
Hai Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Middle Income Group

Objectives: Medical facilities with an autonomous tendency always try to serve positive and pleasant experiences to improve the brand name, increase patient satisfaction and loyalty. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 inpatients at Lung Hospital in Son La province in 2020. To describe the current situation of the inpatient's experience at Lung Hospital in Son La province by 2020 and its related factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 245 inpatients at Son La Lung Hospital Results: The study showed that the total score of inpatients’ experience ranged from 22 points to 57 points and the mean of it was 39.7 (6.13) points. Subject's experience scores were divided into 2 groups, the satisfied group accounted for 32.7% and the percentage of the unsatisfied group was 67.3%. As compared to men, a higher total score of women was (OR: 1.134; 95% CI: 0.284-0.997). The urban area group’s score was 1,190 times higher than that of those who live in rural and mountainous areas (95% CI: 1,010 - 1,400). The middle-income group had more positive experience than the low-income group (OR: 1.180; 95% CI: 1.010 - 1.370). Conclusions: Our research showed that gender, living area and economic condition affected the total score of inpatients’ experience at the Lung hospital. Keywords: Patient experiences, inpatient treatment, hospital, associated factors

Hypermobility and Educational Outcomes: The Case of St. Louis

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly W. Metzger ◽  
Patrick J. Fowler ◽  
Todd Swanstrom
Keyword(s):  
Urban Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
High Rate ◽  
School Mobility ◽  
Mobility Rate ◽  
School Year

The school mobility rate in St. Louis Public Schools was 40% in 2011-2012, meaning that nearly half of students exited or entered a given school midway through the school year. This alarmingly high rate of churning across schools is accompanied by high neighborhood turnover, particularly within low-income, urban neighborhoods. This constant, disruptive change presents a serious and fundamental challenge for urban education. In this article, we summarize the literature linking mobility to educational outcomes, examine the causes of hypermobility in the case study of St. Louis, describe some of the current approaches to this challenge, and propose additional policy and program solutions.

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