scholarly journals CROP COEFFICIENT AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN CONVENTIONAL AND SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IRRIGATION REGIMES OF TERRACE RICE FIELDS IN INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Kazunobu Toriyama ◽  
Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho ◽  
Masaru Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Late Growth

The current study initiated to investigate crop coefficient (Kc) and water productivity between conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) irrigation regimes of terrace rice fields in Indonesia. Kc value represents plant responses to available water in the fields and its information is very important to determine crop evapotranspiration. The field experiments were conducted in the terrace rice fields belong to the local farmer located in Wonogiri, Central Java (S 7o47’18.66”, E 111o5’51.26”) during 21 July – 7 November 2014 in the dry season. Here, there were two irrigation regimes with three replications, i.e. conventional flooding (FL) regime and SRI with intermittent irrigation (II) regime. Water level in each regime was measured by pressure sensor, while weather parameters such as solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, etc were measured by particular sensors and connected to the developed field monitoring system. Based on weather and water level data, we estimated the average Kc values for FL regime were 1.01, 1.02, 1.09 and 1.05 in the initial, crop development, reproductive and late growth stages, respectively. Meanwhile, the average Kc values under SRI regime were a little bit lower than that FL regime. Their values were 1.00, 0.96, 1.02 and 1.04 for the initial, crop development, reproductive and late growth stages, respectively. The reason was probably due to minimum soil evaporation under the drier soil condition. However, lower Kc values were not corresponded to the production of grain yield. Although it was not significant difference, we recorded that SRI regime produced 8.05 ton/ha grain yield, while FL regime was 7.63 ton/ha. Accordingly, with less irrigation water, SRI regime has higher water productivity than that FL regime.  

scholarly journals A Model of Evapotranspirative Irrigation to Manage the Various Water Levels in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Its Effect on Crop and Water Productivities

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan ◽  
Muh Taufik ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency

Evapotranspirative irrigation is a simple idea in a watering field based on the actual evapotranspiration rate, by operating an automatic floating valve in the inlet without electric power to manage water levels. The current study introduces a model of evapotranspirative irrigation and its application under different water levels. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the performances of evapotranspirative irrigation under various irrigation regimes, and to (2) to observe crop and water productivities of the system of rice intensification (SRI) as affected by different types of irrigation. The experiment was performed during one rice planting season, starting from July to November 2020, with three irrigation regimes, i.e., continuous flooded (CFI), moderate flooded (MFI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI). Good performance of the system was achieved; low root mean square error (RMSE) was indicated between observed water level and the set point in all irrigation regimes. Developing a better drainage system can improve the system. Among the regimes, the WSI regime was most effective in water use. It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield. In addition, it has the highest water-use efficiency index. The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes, respectively. Accordingly, the evapotranspirative irrigation was effective in controlling various water levels, and we recommend the system implemented at the field levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Management, Systems of Cultivation on Grain Yield and Energy Budget of Rice Varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
G. V. Venkataravana Nayaka ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
R. Mahender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Main Plot

Aims of Study: This research focused on assessing the grain yield and energy performance of four rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation for suitability of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Experiment Design: The split-split plot design with three replications was performed for this study. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) and saturation as the main plot treatments, three systems of cultivation viz., System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Drum Seeding (DS) and Normal Transplanting (NTP) as the subplot treatments, and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010, and NLR-34449 as the sub-sub plot treatments. Place and Duration of Study: An experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, during the Autumn 2017 and 2018. Result: Among the irrigation regimes, AWD recorded higher grain yield than saturation, Gross output energy, and net energy as compared to saturation. SRI significantly recorded higher grain yield over the NTP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registers remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018. The cultivar DRR Dhan 43 recorded higher gross output energy, net energy compared to other rice cultivars.

IRRIGATION, SPACING AND CULTIVAR EFFECTS ON NET PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE, DRY MATTER PARTITIONING AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE UNDER SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION IN MOLLISOLS OF NORTHERN INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANCHAL DASS ◽  
SUBHASH CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Rice Intensification

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted on a Typic Hapludoll (Mollisols) soil in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India during the 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons to (1) find out the effect of irrigation schedules and plant spacing on physiological parameters, yield and water productivity of two rice cultivars under System of Rice Intensification (SRI), and (2) compare the performance of SRI with conventional transplanting (CT). Treatments under SRI included 12 combinations of three irrigation schedules, viz. irrigation at 1, 3 and 5 day(s) after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), two spacing intervals (20 × 20 cm and 25 × 25 cm) and two cultivars (‘Pant Dhan 4’ and ‘Hybrid 6444’). The two control treatments were the CT of each cultivar. The experiment was set in a factorial randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The net photosynthetic rate (NPR) of the topmost fully expanded leaf at tillering and that of flag-leaf at flowering stage was affected significantly by irrigation schedules. Irrigating rice crop at 1 or 3 DADPW, being at par with each other, recorded significantly higher NPR than 5 DADPW. The increase in NPR at 1 and 3 DADPW was 17.1% and 8.4% at tillering and 13.6% and 6.1% at flowering stage, respectively, compared with that at 5 DADPW (tillering: 12.78 μmol CO2 m−2 S−1, flowering: 16.01 μmol CO2 m‑2 S−1). At closer spacing (20 × 20 cm) the cultivars did not differ significantly for NPR; however, at wider spacing (25 × 25 cm), ‘Hybrid 6444’ showed significantly higher NPR than ‘Pant Dhan 4’. Between two methods, SRI recoded higher NPR. Dry matter accumulation (DMA) in leaves and grains declined with delay in irrigation from 1 to 5 DADPW. Wider spacing significantly enhanced DMA in stems and grains. ‘Hybrid 6444’ showed higher DMA in all plant parts than ‘Pant Dhan 4’. Grain yield was not affected significantly by irrigation schedules in 2008, while in 2009, irrigation at 1 and 3 DADPW resulted in 12.8% and 8.0% higher grain yield, respectively, than 5 DADPW (5.84 t ha−1). Wider spacing was superior to closer spacing. SRI improved grain yield by 16.9% and water productivity by 18.5% over CT.

scholarly journals Productivity and economics of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-554
Author(s):  
Venkataravana Nayaka GV ◽  
Prabhakara Reddy G ◽  
Mahender Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Irrigation Practice ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

Shortage of water in rice cultivation is major problem in India. To safeguard and sustain food security in India, it is quite important to increase the productivity of rice under limited water resources. To investigate the performance of rice cultivars under the best method of irrigation and system of cultivation in new condition an experiment was conducted to study the "productivity and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation" on clay loam soils of Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., AWD and saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification, drum seeding and TP as subplot treatments and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the irrigation regimes, AWD irrigation practice recorded higher grain yield (5755, 5952 and 5854 kg ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and pooled means, respectively) than saturation. Among the different systems of cultivation, the SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield (5953, 6129 and 6041 kg ha-1 during 2017, 2018 and in pooled means, respectively) over the TP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registered remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018.

scholarly journals Maize Seedling Establishment, Grain Yield and Crop Water Productivity Response to Seed Priming and Irrigation Management in a Mediterranean Arid Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
AbdAllah M. El-Sanatawy ◽  
Ahmed S. M. El-Kholy ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed F. Awad ◽  
Elsayed Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

Water shortage is a major environmental stress that destructively impacts maize production, particularly in arid regions. Therefore, improving irrigation management and increasing productivity per unit of water applied are needed, especially under the rising temperature and precipitation fluctuations induced by climate change. Laboratory and field trials were carried out in the present study, which were aimed at assessing the possibility of promoting maize germination, growth, grain yield and crop water productivity (CWP) using seed priming under different irrigation regimes. Two seed priming treatments, i.e., hydro-priming and hardening versus unprimed seeds, were applied under four irrigation regimes, i.e., 120, 100, 80 and 60% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The obtained results indicated that increasing irrigation water from 100% up to 120% ETc did not significantly increase grain yield or contributing traits, while it decreased CWP. Deficit irrigation of 80 and 60% ETc gradually decreased grain yield and all attributed traits. Seed priming significantly ameliorated seedlings’ vigor as indicated by earlier germination, higher germination percentage, longer roots and shoots, and heavier fresh and dry weight than unprimed seeds with the superiority of hardening treatment. Additionally, under field conditions, seed priming significantly increased grain yield, yield contributing traits and CWP compared with unprimed treatment. Interestingly, the results reflect the role of seed priming, particularly hardening, in mitigating negative impacts of drought stress and enhancing maize growth, grain yield and attributed traits as well as CWP under deficit irrigation conditions. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in grain yield and CWP under moderate drought and severe drought conditions compared with unprimed treatment. These results highlight that efficient irrigation management and seed priming can increase maize yield and water productivity in arid environments.

scholarly journals Effects ofTrichodermaseedling treatment with System of Rice Intensification management and with conventional management of transplanted rice

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e5877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B. Khadka ◽  
Norman Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Rice Intensification

Many benefits ofTrichodermainoculation for improving crop production have been documented, including growth and yield enhancement and the alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, because rice is usually cultivated under continuous flooding that creates anaerobic soil conditions, this limits the benefits of these beneficial fungi. Cultivating rice with the methods of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) provides rice plants with a more favorable environment for their colonization by beneficial microbes in the soil because the soil is more aerobic under SRI management and contains more organic matter. This study evaluated the effects ofTrichodermainoculation of rice plants under SRI management compared with transplanted and flooded rice plants, considering also the effects of different means of fertilization and different varieties in rice. Experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 under the tropical climate of Nepal’s western terai (plains) during both the rainy season (July to November) and the dry season (March to July). The results indicated significantly better performance (P = 0.01) associated withTrichodermainoculation for both seasons and for both systems of crop management in terms of grain yield and other growth-contributing factors, compared to non-inoculated rice cropping. Relatively higher effects on grain yield were recorded also with organic compared to inorganic fertilization; for unimproved (heirloom) varieties compared with improved varieties; and from SRI vs. conventional flooded crop management. The yield increase withTrichodermatreatments across all trials was 31% higher than in untreated plots (4.9 vs 4.5 mt ha−1). WithTrichodermatreatment, yields compared with non-treated plots were 24% higher with organic SRI (6.38 vs 5.13 mt ha−1) and 52% higher with non-organic SRI (6.38 vs 3.53 mt ha−1). With regard to varietal differences, under SRI managementTrichodermainoculation of the improved variety Sukhadhan-3 led to 26% higher yield (6.35 vs 5.04 mt ha−1), and with the heirloom variety Tilkidhan, yield was 41% higher (6.29 vs 4.45 mt ha−1). Economic analysis indicated that expanding the organic cultivation of local landraces under SRI management should be profitable for farmers where such rice has a good market price due to its premium quality and high demand and when SRI enhances yield. These varieties’ present low yields can be significantly increased by integratingTrichodermabio-inoculation with SRI cultural methods. Other recent research has shown that such inoculation can be managed profitably by farmers themselves.

scholarly journals APLIKASI MOL GAMAL PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH METODE SRI (System of Rice Intensification)

EUGENIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne M. Paulus ◽  
Jemmy Najoan ◽  
Paula C. Supit
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Interval Time ◽  
Treatment Factor ◽  
Rice Intensification

ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to studied the application of gliricidia MOL on the growth and yield of lowland rice in the SRI method, and to get the best time of gliricidia MOL application on the growth and production of lowland rice. Field research has been conducted in Tara-Tara II Village, West Tomohon Subdistrict for five months starting from June 2017 until November 2017. Treatment in the experiment consists of one treatment factor, that was interval time of gliricidia MOL application, ie  : 0, 5 , 10, 15, and 20 days. The results showed that time application of gliricidia MOL have an effect on the number of productive tillers, the number of filled grain/panicle, the number  of empty grain/panicle, and the dry grain yield (GKP) / plot, but not affect the plant height. The best results were achieved in gliricia MOL application on interval time every 15 days with a values were : 28.66 productive tillers; 176.90 fillet grain/panicle; 19.80 empty grain/panicle (lowest); and 9.50 kg dry grain yield or equivalent to 7.92 ton/ha.Keywords: gliricidia MOL, production, lowland rice,  System of Rice Intensification  (SRI)

Control of Early Watergrass (Echinochloa Oryzoides) and Late Watergrass (Echinochloa Phyllopogon) with Cyhalofop, Clefoxydim, and Penoxsulam Applied Alone and in Mixture with Broadleaf Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos A. Damalas ◽  
Kico V. Dhima ◽  
Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Echinochloa Phyllopogon

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of application rate, growth stage, and tank-mixing azimsulfuron or bentazon on the activity of cyhalofop, clefoxydim, and penoxsulam against two morphologically distinctEchinochloaspecies from rice fields in Greece. Mixtures of penoxsulam with MCPA were also evaluated. Cyhalofop (300 to 600 g ai/ha) applied at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 62 to 85% control of early watergrass but 41 to 83% control of late watergrass averaged over mixture treatments. Control ranged from 37 to 80% for early watergrass and from 35 to 78% for late watergrass when cyhalofop was applied at the five- to six-leaf growth stage averaged over mixture treatments. Mixtures of cyhalofop with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on both species irrespective of growth stage or cyhalofop application rate compared with cyhalofop alone. Clefoxydim (100 to 250 g ai/ha) applied alone at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 98 to 100% control of early watergrass and 91 to 100% control of late watergrass; when clefoxydim was applied alone at the five- to six-leaf growth stage the control obtained was 91 to 100% for early watergrass and 79 to 100% for late watergrass. Mixtures of clefoxydim with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Penoxsulam (20 to 40 g ai/ha) applied alone provided 94 to 100% control of both species at both growth stages. Mixtures of MCPA with penoxsulam reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Mixtures of penoxsulam with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy only on late watergrass at the late growth stage.

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