DIFFERENCE IN THE BEHAVIOR OF RIGHT-TURNING VEHICLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON SAFETY AT UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS IN MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashar Ahmed ◽  
Ahmad Farhan Mohd Sadullah ◽  
Ahmad Shukri Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Stopping Rule ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Stop Rule ◽  
Turning Maneuver ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Road Segments

Intersections are more prone to accidents as compared to straight road segments and vehicles that make right-turning maneuver are the ones which are more likely to be involved in an angle collision. Therefore, this study investigates their behavior at unsignalized intersections in Malaysia. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the compliance with the stop rule, use of turning indicator and right-turning behavior of minor road vehicles. All the behavioral observations were made with respect to two vehicle types which were ‘motorcycles’ and ‘others’. Descriptive analysis was presented and χ²-test was performed to investigate the association between the variables. It was found that most motorcyclists in Malaysia do not abide by the stopping rule at the intersection before making a right-turn. Moreover they seldom use their turning indicators and tend to make the indigenous ‘Weaving Merging Right-Turn’ (WMRT) more often as compared to other vehicles. Not complying with the stopping rule and keeping the indicator switched off while making a right-turn was found to be hazardous and resulted in the decrease in the safety of intersection and increase in the risk of accident. However, WMRT was found to be a safer maneuver as compared to the conventional right-turn. For vehicles other than motorcycles, the analysis concluded the same results. It is recommended that the methodology proposed in this research should be extended to other studies with a larger sample size. 

scholarly journals Influences of Waiting Time on Driver Behaviors While Implementing In-Vehicle Traffic Light for Priority-Controlled Unsignalized Intersections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Rencheng Zheng ◽  
Tsutomu Kaizuka ◽  
Kimihiko Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Minor Road

In-vehicle traffic lights that assist drivers in crossing intersections are in development; however, the availability of the in-vehicle traffic light will be limited if the waiting time of a vehicle is not considered in actual traffic conditions, especially at priority-controlled unsignalized intersections that normally consist of one major and two minor roads. The present study therefore investigated the effects of the waiting time on driver behaviors to improve the in-vehicle traffic light for the priority-controlled unsignalized intersections. Gap acceptance theory that considers the waiting time was adopted in the implementation of the in-vehicle traffic light, to assist minor-road drivers in passing through the intersections by selecting appropriate major-road gaps. A driving simulator experiment involving 12 participants was performed for the minor and major roads, by applying the in-vehicle traffic light with and without the consideration of waiting time. Results demonstrate that the maximum acceleration strokes of minor-road vehicles were significantly reduced, indicating a lower possibility of aggressive driving when the in-vehicle traffic light was applied while considering the waiting time. Meanwhile, an improved steering stability was observed from the driver behaviors at the intersections, as the maximum lateral acceleration of minor-road vehicles significantly decreased when the waiting time was considered.

Minor Road Traffic Delays at Priority Junctions on Low Speed Roads in Suburban Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Sahraei ◽  
Othman Che Puan ◽  
M. Al–Muz–zammil Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Traffic Delays ◽  
Traffic Delay

Traffic delay is one of the important aspects considered in the assessment of the operational performance of intersections. In the analysis of priority or unsignalised junctions, delays to minor road vehicles are often estimated using the existing mathematical models. However, the applicability of such a model depends on the basis and the source of the data with which the model was calibrated. This study was carried out to evaluate traffic delays to minor road vehicles at priority junctions in suburban areas. The data were collected at two priority junctions using video recording technique. The results showed that the day time delays were longer than of those observed during the twilight time. In both situations, delay to minor road vehicles increases as the volume of major road traffic increases. However, the effect of conflicting volume on the delay to the minor road vehicles is not clear. The comparisons between observed delay and the values predicted using the HCM and Tanner’s models indicated that, in general, the observed delays are much lower than the values predicted by both models particularly during the day time. Such a finding suggests that both HCM and Tanner’s models are not directly applicable to the analysis of delays at priority junctions in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Impacting Paths of Left-Turning Vehicles from Minor Road Approach at Unsignalized Intersections

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Yuli Qi ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Probability Prediction

At unsignalized intersections, left-turning vehicles from minor road approach are more likely to be involved in traffic conflicts and traffic crashes and are one of the most leading factors impacting traffic efficiency and capacity. The authors of the paper observed that some drivers behaved illegally and dangerously while performing left turns from minor road approach, resulting in abnormal trajectories at unsignalized intersections. By applying binary logistic analysis, a probability prediction model was developed to explore various factors affecting probability of normal path taken by drivers while turning left from minor road approach. Based upon the model, measures such as lowering running speeds of vehicles on major road or minor road and adding more lanes on minor road can be used to encourage more drivers to take normal vehicle paths, which is helpful for the improvement of traffic safety, efficiency, and capacity. Results of the paper can be used for the guidance of design and management of unsignalized intersections.

Gap-acceptance in road traffic

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Service Time Distribution ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Acceptance Function

We find the distribution of delay to minor road vehicles waiting to merge or cross a single stream of major road traffic. The decision to cross is taken on the basis of a gap-acceptance function. The model turns out to be a simple queueing problem in which a customer finding an empty queue has a different service time distribution from queueing customers. The key to this representation is given in Section 3. Some numerical results in Section 6 indicate that in most circumstances a simple model will give adequate results.

scholarly journals Estimation of Critical Gap Based on Raff’s Definition

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-jun Guo ◽  
Xiao-jing Wang ◽  
Wan-xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Result ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Application Field ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
New Models ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gap Acceptance Theory ◽  
Calculation Models

Critical gap is an important parameter used to calculate the capacity and delay of minor road in gap acceptance theory of unsignalized intersections. At an unsignalized intersection with two one-way traffic flows, it is assumed that two events are independent between vehicles’ arrival of major stream and vehicles’ arrival of minor stream. The headways of major stream follow M3 distribution. Based on Raff’s definition of critical gap, two calculation models are derived, which are named M3 definition model and revised Raff’s model. Both models use total rejected coefficient. Different calculation models are compared by simulation and new models are found to be valid. The conclusion reveals that M3 definition model is simple and valid. Revised Raff’s model strictly obeys the definition of Raff’s critical gap and its application field is more extensive than Raff’s model. It can get a more accurate result than the former Raff’s model. The M3 definition model and revised Raff’s model can derive accordant result.

scholarly journals Pattern of disease and type of operation of Surgical Site Infection in obstetrics and gynecology at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ardi Eko Marsanto ◽  
Kuntaman Kuntaman ◽  
Hari Paraton ◽  
Budi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
Larger Sample

Objectives: to find correlation between risk factors and classification of SSI, the distribution of SSI, and cost in Soetomo Hospital.Materials and Methods: descriptive retrospective observational with correlation analysis between risk factors and SSI classification according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definition with univariate analysis. Sub-group descriptive analysis on microbiology result, length of stay (LOS) and cost was also performed. All patients was diagnosed SSI between January 2015 until June 2017.Results: age, referral cases, Body Mass Index, Hemoglobin and Albumin results, types of surgery, types of case are the risk factors we included. Analysis result shows no strong and significance correlation in all risk factors (r 0.053 – 0.447; p 0.072 – 0.971). According to SSI types, the distribution are: superficial (7; 13.2%), deep (26; 49.1%), organ/space (20; 37.7%). Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) was obtained in 19 (14 Obstetrics; 5 Gynecology) from 28 patients with microbiology results. Five deaths occured in ESBL patients (1 Obstetrics; 4 Gynecology; ratio 1 : 11.2). Mean length of stay in Obstetrics and Gynecology was 41.7 and 19.2 days, respectively. Mean cost per day in Obstetrics and Gynecology was 1.2 amd 2.6 million rupiah, respectively.Conclusions: no strong and significant results in all risk factors. Death rate in SSI and malignancy with positive ESBL result are high. Less cost needed for SSI patients, but with longer LOS. Comprehensive approaches are needed to patients at risk of SSI, further study with larger sample are needed.

scholarly journals Transport delay assessment at unsignalized intersections feeding focal points

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Anton Zedgenizov ◽  
Aleksandr Lipenkov ◽  
Bogdan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Parking Lot

The article discusses the issues of assessing the delays connected with the transport service of people visiting focal points (FPs) by individual transport (IT). The necessity of using a mathematical approach when assessing delays is proved. The factors influencing transport delays when driving through unsignalized intersections are presented. An integrated mathematical model is derived, which makes it possible to estimate the load factor at unsignalized intersections. This model is based on parameters that reflect transport demand and throughput capacity of an unsignalized intersection. The main parameters required for assessing the capacity of the minor road at an unsignalized intersection are described. An integrated mathematical model is offered that allows estimating the delay of individual transport users leaving the territory (parking lot) of the focal point. The authors elaborate recommendations for the practical application of the considered mathematical models while organizing transport services for focal points visitors using individual transport.

scholarly journals Sight distances at unsignalized intersections: a comparison of guidelines and requirements for human drivers and autonomous vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Zsófia Magyari ◽  
Csaba Koren ◽  
Mariusz Kieć ◽  
Attila Borsos
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Minor Road

Many traffic accidents are caused by unforeseen and unexpected events in a site that was hidden from the driver's eyes. Road design parameters determining required visibility are based on relationships formulated decades ago. It is worth reviewing them from time to time in the light of technological developments. In this paper, sight distances for stopping and crossing situations are studied in relation to the assumed visual abilities of autonomous vehicles. Current sight distance requirements at unsignalized intersections are based among others on speeds on the major road and on ac-cepted gaps by human drivers entering or crossing from the minor road. Since these requirements vary from country to country, regulations and sight terms of a few selected countries are compared in this study. From the comparison it is remarkable that although the two concepts, i.e. gap acceptance on the minor road and stopping on the major road have different backgrounds, but their outcome in terms of required sight distances are similar. Both distances are depending on speed on the major road: gap sight distances show a linear, while stopping sight distances a parabolic function. In general, European SSD values are quite similar to each other. However, the US and Australian guidelines based on gap acceptance criteria recommend higher sight distances. Human capabilities and limitations are considered in sight field requirements. Autonomous vehicles survey their environment with sensors which are different from the human vision in terms of identifying objects, estimating distances or speeds of other vehicles. This paper compares current sight field requirements based on conventional vehicles and those required for autonomous vehicles. Visibility requirements were defined by three vision indicators: distance, angle of view and resolution abilities of autonomous cars and human drivers. These indicators were calculated separately for autonomous vehicles and human drivers for various speeds on the main road and for intersections with 90° and 60° angles. It was shown that the required sight distances are 10 to 40 meters shorter for autonomous vehicles than for conventional ones.

Gap-acceptance in road traffic

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Service Time Distribution ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Acceptance Function

We find the distribution of delay to minor road vehicles waiting to merge or cross a single stream of major road traffic. The decision to cross is taken on the basis of a gap-acceptance function. The model turns out to be a simple queueing problem in which a customer finding an empty queue has a different service time distribution from queueing customers. The key to this representation is given in Section 3. Some numerical results in Section 6 indicate that in most circumstances a simple model will give adequate results.

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