A METALLURGICAL OVERVIEW OF TI – BASED ALLOY IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayatul Nadhirah Elmi Azham Shah ◽  
Mazyan Yahaya ◽  
Maheran Sulaiman ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Α Phase

Titanium (Ti)-based alloys are prominently used in biomedical application. This review paper emphasizes on some of the important aspects of the Ti-alloys in terms of metallurgical aspects, manufacturing routes and biocompatibility. Two kinds of structure are reviewed namely dense and porous, both differs in terms of purpose and satisfies different needs. This advancement of materials and equipment helps to improve the quality of life for patients and alleviate their health problems. Metallic materials, mainly Ti-based alloys have been used commercially as bone implant owing to its promising mechanical properties, biocompatibility and bioactivity. The outmost important issue in manufacturing  of  this  alloy  is  the  impurity  contents,  specifically  oxygen  and  carbon  which contribute   to decreasing in material performance of the alloy attributed from the formation of unwanted  oxide compounds such as TiO2 and  TiC. Another issue is the mismatch value of the Young’s modulus between the metallic implant and bone that result in stress shielding effect.  The structure of Ti-based  alloy is  mainly comprised of α-phase, β-phase or a combination of  both that result in variation of Young’s modulus ranging from 45 -110 GPa. Compared to α-phase Ti alloy, the β-phase rich alloys may exhibit lower value of Young modulus through the right processing technique. Therefore, the development of β-phase Ti-alloys has been researched progressively in line with the need of low Young’s modulus that suit for implant applications.

scholarly journals First principles computation of composition dependent elastic constants of omega in titanium alloys: implications on mechanical behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Salloom ◽  
S. A. Mantri ◽  
R. Banerjee ◽  
S. G. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Stabilizer Concentration

AbstractFor decades the poor mechanical properties of Ti alloys were attributed to the intrinsic brittleness of the hexagonal ω-phase that has fewer than 5-independent slip systems. We contradict this conventional wisdom by coupling first-principles and cluster expansion calculations with experiments. We show that the elastic properties of the ω-phase can be systematically varied as a function of its composition to enhance both the ductility and strength of the Ti-alloy. Studies with five prototypical β-stabilizer solutes (Nb, Ta, V, Mo, and W) show that increasing β-stabilizer concentration destabilizes the ω-phase, in agreement with experiments. The Young’s modulus of ω-phase also decreased at larger concentration of β-stabilizers. Within the region of ω-phase stability, addition of Nb, Ta, and V (Group-V elements) decreased Young’s modulus more steeply compared to Mo and W (Group-VI elements) additions. The higher values of Young’s modulus of Ti–W and Ti–Mo binaries is related to the stronger stabilization of ω-phase due to the higher number of valence electrons. Density of states (DOS) calculations also revealed a stronger covalent bonding in the ω-phase compared to a metallic bonding in β-phase, and indicate that alloying is a promising route to enhance the ω-phase’s ductility. Overall, the mechanical properties of ω-phase predicted by our calculations agree well with the available experiments. Importantly, our study reveals that ω precipitates are not intrinsically embrittling and detrimental, and that we can create Ti-alloys with both good ductility and strength by tailoring ω precipitates' composition instead of completely eliminating them.

Mechanical Properties of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonosuke Murayama ◽  
Shuichi Sasaki ◽  
Hisamichi Kimura ◽  
Akihiko Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Twinning ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
Deformation Modes ◽  
Zr Alloy ◽  
Zr Alloys

Low modulus β Ti alloys are attractive for biomedical application. This work examines the mechanical properties of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr system alloys, especially the effect of the varying alloy composition on the microstructure, the Young’s modulus and the deformation mechanism.The Young’s modulus of the alloy varies with the composition, which variation is caused mainly from the competition between the meta-stable β phase and ω phase.The deformation modes of the Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloy, which are the mechanical twinning, the deformation by slip and the deformation-induced transformation, also change depending on the composition of the alloy. The minimum of the Young’s modulusof the Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloy in this experiment was shown in the composition where the microstructure of the alloy changes from the martensitic structure to the meta-stable β structure.

Mechanical Properties of Transparent Polycrystalline Silicon Nitride

2006 ◽  
Vol 317-318 ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rak Joo Sung ◽  
Takafumi Kusunose ◽  
Tadachika Nakayama ◽  
Yoon Ho Kim ◽  
Tohru Sekino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

A novel transparent polycrystalline silicon nitride was fabricated by hot-press sintering with MgO and AlN as additives. The mixed powder with 3 wt.% MgO and 9 wt.% AlN was sintered at 1900oC for 1 hour under 30 MPa pressure in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Transparent polycrystalline silicon nitride was successfully fabricated. The mechanical properties such as density, hardness, young’s modulus, fracture strength and fracture toughness were evaluated. The effect of α/β phase on the mechanical properties of transparent polycrystalline silicon nitride was investigated. The properties were changed depending on the amount of α/β phase. The hardness and Young's modulus increased with increasing the volume fraction of α-phase fraction as a reflection of the higher hardness of α-phase Si3N4. The fracture toughness and fracture strength decreased with decreasing the volume fraction of β-phase Si3N4.

scholarly journals Control of crystallographic orientation by metal additive manufacturing process of β-type Ti alloys based on the bone tissue anisotropy

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Nakano ◽  
Takuya Ishimoto ◽  
Aira Matsugaki ◽  
Koji Hagihara ◽  
Yuichiro Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Scanning Strategy ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Specific Direction ◽  
Tissue Anisotropy ◽  
Metal Additive

Variation in the scanning strategy for β-type Ti alloys during additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of a singlecrystal-like microstructure possessing a crystallographic texture, in which the low-Young’s modulus-<100> direction is aligned along a specific direction. Thus, metal biomaterial with low elasticity, comparable to the bone Young’s modulus, can be developed by AM, which will contribute to suppress the stress shielding of bone and prevent degradation of bone tissue anisotropy.

Effect of Hot Swaging on Microstructure and Properties of Aged Ti-10Mo-20Nb Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinara Borborema Gabriel ◽  
Jean Dille ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Emanuel Santos Jr. ◽  
Renato Baldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Final Microstructure

Mechanical properties of metastable β-Ti alloys are highly dependent on the final microstructure, which is controlled by the thermomechanical processing. These alloys are used for biomedical applications and require a high mechanical strength as well as a low Young’s modulus to avoid stress shielding. Previous work on the development of cold swaged Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy showed that the best compromise strength and Young ́s modulus was obtained when the forming is followed by an aging heat treatment at 500 oC. In this work, Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy was hot swaged and aged at 500 oC for 10 min, 4h and 24h. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was based on Vickers microhardness tests and Young’s modulus measurements. Aging at 500 oC for 10 min after hot swaging resulted in a nearly 100% β phase microstructure while aging at 500°C for 4h or 24h led to a bimodal microstructure consisting on α precipitates dispersed in the β matrix. The higher hardness to Young’s modulus ratio was obtained for the sample aged at 500 °C for 4h. This value was higher than those obtained for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and commercially pure Ti.

Development of Ti-12Mo-8Nb Alloy for Biomedical Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Sinara Borborema Gabriel ◽  
Jessica Peixoto da Silva Kassya ◽  
Caroline Miranda Jacinto ◽  
Leizy Pâmela Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Heat

Several beta titanium alloys were developed for biomedical applications due to the combination of low elasticity modulus, high strength, fatigue resistance and good ductility with excellent corrosion resistance. In this regard, a new metastable beta titanium Ti-12Mo-8Nb alloy was developed, as an alternative for the traditional Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with the substitution of vanadium and aluminum for molybdenum and niobium. The objective of this work was to present the microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of the Ti-12Mo-8Nb alloy, heat treated for 1h at 950oC under high vacuum and then water quenched. The microstructure of the alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation were performed for determination of hardness, Young’s modulus and the ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus. The Ti-12Mo-8Nb microstructure consisted of β phase and the values obtained for the ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus were higher than the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Structure, Microstructure, and Selected Mechanical Properties of Ti-Zr-Mo Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa ◽  
Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda ◽  
Carlos Roberto Grandini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Β Phase

New titanium alloys for biomedical applications have been developed primarily with the addition of Nb, Ta, Mo, and Zr, because those elements stabilize the β phase and they don’t cause cytotoxicity in the organism. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of molybdenum on the structure, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr-xMo (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) alloys. The samples were produced in an arc-melting furnace with inert argon atmosphere, and they were hot-rolled and homogenized. The samples were characterized using chemical, structural, and microstructural analysis. The mechanical analysis was made using Vickers microhardness and Young’s modulus measurements. The compositions of the alloys were sensitive to the molybdenum concentration, indicating the presence of α’+α”+β phases in the Ti-15Zr-5Mo alloy, α”+β in the Ti-15Zr-10Mo alloy, and β phase in the Ti-15Zr-15Mo and Ti-15Zr-20Mo alloys. The mechanical properties showed favorable values for biomedical application in the alloys presenting high hardness and low Young’s modulus compared with CP-Ti.

Effect of Phase Stability on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties in β-Ti Single Crystal for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1372-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Todai ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Keisuke Fukunaga ◽  
Takayoshi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Phase Stability ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Alloy Single Crystal ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys

The electron-atom ratio (e/a) dependence of the appearance of the lattice modulation and physical properties in β-phase Ti-xNb alloys (x= 28, 30, 34 and 40) were investigated by using some physical properties measurements, compressive test and transmission electron microscope observations (TEM observations), focusing on the β-phase stability. The microstructure, physical properties, deformation mode depend on thee/aratio which is closely related to the β-phase stability in Ti-Nb alloys. Thee/aratio is defined by the average electrons per atom in free atom configuration. Athermal ω-phase is suppressed in Ti-30Nb alloy single crystal with lowe/aratio. The Ti-30Nb alloy single crystal also exhibits a lattice modulation and low Debye temperature. These results imply that the β-phase stability in β-phase Ti alloys decreases with decreasing thee/aratio and are related to the softening of elastic stiffness,c′. Consequently, a decrease in thee/aratio leads to the softening ofc′ and a significant reduction in modulus along the [100] direction in β-phase Ti alloys single crystal. In fact, the Young’s modulus along [100] of the Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy (wt.%) single crystal with lowe/aratio exhibits as low as 45 GPa, which is comparable to that the human cortical bone. That is, controlling thee/aratio is an ultimate strategy to develop the future superior biocompatible implant materials with extremely low Young’s modulus and good deformability.

Optimization of Mo Content in Beta-Type Ti-Mo Alloys for Obtaining Larger Changeable Young’s Modulus during Deformation for Use in Spinal Fixation Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1307-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Junko Hieda ◽  
Ken Cho ◽  
Kengo Narita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Spinal Fixation ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Mo Content

In order to meet the requirements of the patients and surgeons simultaneously for spinal fixation applications, beta (β) -type Ti-Mo alloys with self-tunable Young’s modulus due to deformation have been developed to prevent the stress-shielding effect for patients and to suppress springback for surgeons. In this study, the effects of Mo on the deformation-induced omega-phase transformation were investigated and then the Mo content in binary Ti-Mo alloys was optimized in order to achieve a large increase in Young’s modulus via deformation-induced omega-phase transformation, leading to suppression of springback.

Development of Changeable Young's Modulus with Good Mechanical Properties in β-Type Ti-Cr-O Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
Hui Hong Liu ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Junko Hieda ◽  
Ken Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Spinal Fixation ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Cold Rolled

A novel β-type titanium alloy with a changeable Youngs modulus, that is, with a low Young's modulus to prevent the stress-shielding effect for patients and a high Young's modulus to suppress springback for surgeons, should be developed in order to satisfy the conflicting requirements of both the patients and surgeons in spinal fixation operations. In this study, the oxygen content in ternary Ti-11Cr-O alloys was optimized in order to achieve a large changeable Young's modulus with good mechanical properties for spinal fixation applications. The increase in Youngs moduli of all the examined alloys by cold rolling is attributed to the deformation-induced ω-phase transformation which is suppressed by oxygen. Among the examined alloys, the Ti-11Cr-0.2O alloy exhibits the largest changeable Youngs modulus and a high tensile strength with an acceptable plasticity under both solution-treated (ST) and cold-rolled (CR) conditions. Therefore, the Ti-11Cr-0.2O alloy, which shows a good balance among a changeable Youngs modulus, high tensile strength and good plasticity, is considered a potential candidate for spinal fixation applications.

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