scholarly journals INTERACTIVE NON-PHOTOREALISTIC RENDERING

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyad Al-Rousan ◽  
Mohd Shahrizal Sunar ◽  
Hoshang Kolivand ◽  
Hasan Alhajhamad
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Photorealistic Rendering ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Rendering Techniques

Due to increasing demands of artistic style with Interactive Rate, we propose this review paper as a starting point for any person interested in researching of interactive non-photorealistic rendering. As a simple yet effective means of visual communication, interactive non-photorealistic rendering generates images that are closer to human-drawn than are created by traditional computer graphics techniques with more expressing meaningful visual information. This paper presents taxonomy of interactive non-photorealistic rendering techniques which developed over the past two decades, structured according to the design characteristics and behavior of each technique. Also, it covers the most important algorithms in interactive stylized shade and line drawing, and separately discussing their advantages and disadvantages.  The review then concludes with a discussion of the main issues and technical challenges for Interactive Non-Photorealistic Rendering techniques. In addition, this paper discusses the effect of modified phong shading model in order to create toon shading appearance.

Non-Photorealistic Rendering and Terrain Representation

2006 ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Kennelly ◽  
A. Jon Kimerling
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Terrain Rendering ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
Photorealistic Rendering ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Terrain Representation ◽  
Rendering Techniques

In recent years, a branch of computer graphics termed non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) has defined its own niche in the computer graphics community. While photorealistic rendering attempts to render virtual objects into images that cannot be distinguished from a photograph, NPR looks at techniques designed to achieve other ends. Its goals can be as diverse as imitating an artistic style, mimicking a look comparable to images created with specific reproduction techniques, or adding highlights and details to images. In doing so, NPR has overlapped the study of cartography concerned with representing terrain in two ways. First, NPR has formulated several techniques that are similar or identical to antecedent terrain rendering techniques including inclined contours and hachures. Second, NPR efforts to highlight or add information in renderings often focus on the use of innovative and meaningful combinations of visual variables such as orientation and color. Such efforts are similar to recent terrain rendering research focused on methods to symbolize disparate areas of slope and aspect on shaded terrain representations. We compare these fields of study in an effort to increase awareness and foster collaboration between researchers with similar interests.

‘More Product, Less Process’ (MPLP): An early printed book project

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110267
Author(s):  
Karen Attar
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Main Research Interest ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

This article addresses the challenge to make printed hidden collections known quickly without sacrificing ultimate quality. It takes as its starting point the archival mantra ‘More product, less process’ and explores its application to printed books, mindful of projects in the United States to catalogue 19th- and 20th-century printed books quickly and cheaply with the help of OCLC. A problem is lack of time or managerial inclination ever to return to ‘quick and dirty’ imports. This article is a case study concerning a collection of 18th-century English imprints, the Graveley Parish Library, at Senate House Library, University of London. Faced with the need to provide metadata as quickly as possible for digitisation purposes, Senate House Library decided, in contrast to its normal treatment of early printed books, to download records from the English Short Title Catalogue and amend them only very minimally before releasing them for public view, and to do this work from catalogue cards rather than the books themselves. The article describes the Graveley Parish collection, the project method’s rationale, and the advantages and disadvantages of sourcing the English Short Title Catalogue for metadata. It discusses the drawbacks of retrospective conversion (cataloguing from cards, not books): insufficient detail in some cases to identify the relevant book, and ignorance of the copy-specific elements of books which can constitute the main research interest. The method is compared against cataloguing similar books from photocopies of title pages, and retrospective conversion using English Short Title Catalogue is compared against retrospective conversion of early printed Continental books from cards using Library Hub Discover or OCLC. The control groups show our method’s effectiveness. The project succeeded by producing records fast that fulfilled their immediate purpose and simultaneously would obviously require revisiting. The uniform nature of the collection enabled the saving of time through global changes.

Processing of Information about Location during Locomotion: Effects of Amount of Visual Information about the Locomotor Patterns

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Böök ◽  
Tommy Gärling
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Concurrent Task ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Light Line ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Dark Room

How maintenance of orientation during locomotion in unfamiliar environments is accomplished was investigated by presenting subjects ( n = 32) a target in different locations in a dark room, having them walk linearly behind a moving light line (1.12 m/sec.), and from a stopping point 12 and 22.6 m away, numerically estimate direction and distance to the target. An equal number of subjects was assigned to each of 2 × 2 treatment levels: the starting point either visible or invisible from the stopping point and the target either visible only from the starting point or throughout each trial. In the conditions with invisible targets there were mainly negative effects of the visible starting point, partially the same as those previously obtained for a concurrent task during locomotion. The results suggested that maintenance of orientation is achieved by recurrent central processing of information, which if postponed leads to impaired performance mainly because forgetting occurs.

Using Macrotexture Map to Visualize Texture Heterogeneity in Polycrystalline Aggregate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Length Scale ◽  
Polycrystalline Aggregate ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Orientation Imaging ◽  
Behavior Simulation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Large Length Scale ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Texture Characterization

Abstract A new tool, macrotexture map, was developed to represent and visualize texture heterogeneity in polycrystalline aggregate. This is a critical tool for microstructure representation, useful in risk analysis, performance simulation, and hotspot identification. In contrast to orientation imaging microscope (OIM) map where each color represents a crystal orientation, each color in this macrotexture map represents a texture. Different color represent different texture and similar texture shall have similar color. Macrotexture map provide a unique function to quantitatively evaluate texture heterogeneity of large components, leading to a first-hand understanding of property heterogeneity and anisotropy. For an experienced user, these maps serve the same purpose in identifying high risk locations in the investigated component as medical imaging maps do for diagnosis purpose. This method will also serve as a starting point in mesoscale simulation with meshing sensitivity based on the texture heterogeneity. It will provide a bridge between texture characterization and behavior simulation of components with texture heterogeneity. Macrotexture map will offer a linkage between crystal plasticity simulation in small length scale and finite element/difference simulation in large length scale.

scholarly journals Analysis of e-mail tools for educational purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Stanislav Proichev ◽  
Hanna Chemerys
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Email Marketing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
E Mail

Based on the analysis of scientific work was to determine the popularity and development of email marketing as one of the effective means of communication. Here are the main benefits of email marketing. The study found that email marketing allows effective communication between educational institutions and future recipients of educational services. There is a need to identify appropriate and effective tools for Internet mailing. The work is devoted to analyzing and exploring the functionality of mailing tools and constructors for email creation. During the study, the concept of "letter constructor" was defined. A comparative analysis was performed describing the main features, advantages and disadvantages of Stripo, Tilda, Makemail, Beefree, and Mailchimp, Unisender, E-sputnik, SendPulse mail designers. The appropriate combination of tools for mailing for educational purposes is determined.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL TO ENSURE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kyfyak ◽  
Olena Herenda
Keyword(s):  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The main focus of this article is on the correlation between employee involvement in management decisions and the growth of both the organization and employees in all areas. The types of managerial behavior are analyzed, within which the main styles are identified, such as: authoritarian and democratic, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, their impact on the workforce and behavior. The article reflects the need to involve employees in order to improve performance and a sense of responsibility, and lists not only the positive side of this implementation, but also possible negative changes. Effective communication and involvement of staff in management decisions create a basis for ensuring the effective functioning of the enterprise. Involvement of employees, in this article, is not seen as a goal or tool, as is practiced in many organizations, but as a philosophy of management and leadership on how best in a healthy environment to realize their abilities, grow, improve and succeed in each unit and organization in general. The article discusses the main forms of participatory management: informal and short-term participation of personnel in management decisions, consultative involvement of employees, attraction of employees to ownership, involvement of employees in control and improvement of processes, involvement of personnel in decisions about company policy, participation in the organization's income, participation in profits of the organization, participation in the management of the organization. A distinctive feature of this method from many systems of remuneration for labor activity is that the latter are built on the recognition of the contribution of an employee of a given organization at the individual level. Participatory governance is based on the recognition of interests all personnel being reciprocal. This leads to the fact that there is an integration of these interests, and workers become more interested in the results of their work. Involving employees in the decision-making process not only reduces outsourcing, which saves money, time and offers the company long-term reliable assistance from employees who have knowledge of all the processes and deep needs of the corporation.

scholarly journals Subperiosteal Anchorage in Orthodontics: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8376
Author(s):  
Marco Serafin ◽  
Cinzia Maspero ◽  
Salvatore Bocchieri ◽  
Rosamaria Fastuca ◽  
Alberto Caprioglio
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Orthodontic Anchorage ◽  
Clinical Procedure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Starting Point

Orthodontic anchorage is a necessity for every treatment and must be carefully evaluated by the orthodontist. It is defined as the resistance to unwanted dental movement of a tooth or a number of teeth by using different techniques. The purpose of the present paper is to highlight the subperiosteal anchorage applied to orthodontics; this technique has been debated in the literature and the purpose here is to summarize the fields of application. During the first check of previous literature 548 results were found, which have been reduced to 19 selected papers after application of the inclusion criteria and the elimination of duplicates. Multiple electronic databases were searched from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2020 in order to identify papers eligible for current review. The data obtained by this review underlined the versatility of onplants used as absolute anchorage during orthodontic treatments, the advantages and disadvantages, the biomechanical properties and survival rates, and the clinical procedure. Further clinical studies and research are required to explore other kinds of application and to state specific guidelines; however, this study represents an update and a starting point for clinicians who want to use these devices and for further improvement of the technique.

scholarly journals SIMULATORS FOR TRAINING OF VEHICLES’ DRIVERS: INFORMATION MODELS’ ANALYSIS (REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-571
Author(s):  
A. V. Belyakova ◽  
B. V. Saveliev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Organization of high-quality training of the vehicles’ drivers is possible only with the proper formation of professional skills. Moreover, the formation of the skills is necessary for the driver to control the vehicle safety, perhaps by using simulators at the initial stage of training. The use of simulators allows automating the actions that the driver performs, while not exposing the student to risks.Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the application of simulators in the training of the vehicles’ drivers.Materials and methods. The paper presented the basic psycho physiological principles of the learning process, which should be taken into account when using simulators for driver training. The authors demonstrated the classification of the car simulators used for training of drivers by the information models. Existing information models of simulators were divided into two groups: reproducing only visual information, without imitation of the vestibular and simulating both visual and vestibular information. The analysis reflected the advantages and disadvantages of information models.Results. As a result, the authors proposed two systematizing features: the view angle of the visual information and the simulation of vestibular information.Discussion and conclusions. The research is useful not only for the further science development, but also for the selection of simulators and for the organization of the educational process in driving schools.

scholarly journals Improving modern technology and construction of multi-storey residential buildings by optimizing shuttering works

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Pogodin ◽  
Nikolay Spiridonov ◽  
Abdulkarim Khalidov
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Structural Solutions

This article deals with the selection of optimal sets of formwork of the object under construction, depending on the space-planning and design solutions. Improving the use of system formwork design. The areas of formwork application are characterized, the requirements for formwork systems are given. The author presents modern types of formwork, which have different design characteristics and are designed for different climatic conditions. In the article the author characterizes the main types of formwork systems used in modern monolithic construction. Development of technology of monolithic reinforced concrete works is largely constrained by the structural shortcomings of formwork systems. The paper proposes a formwork construction module that allows concreting structures with different lengths for each object using one unified formwork panel, based on the space-planning and structural solutions. Thus it is necessary to change only places of fastening of face elements of a timbering. The practical significance of the study lies in the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of system formwork.

scholarly journals Line-Drawn Scenes Provide Sufficient Information for Discrimination of Threat and Mere Negativity

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951875580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Boshyan ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
Nicole Betz ◽  
Reginald B. Adams ◽  
Kestutis Kveraga
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Matching Color ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Previous work using color photographic scenes has shown that human observers are keenly sensitive to different types of threatening and negative stimuli and reliably classify them by the presence, and spatial and temporal directions of threat. To test whether such distinctions can be extracted from impoverished visual information, we used 500 line drawings made by hand-tracing the original set of photographic scenes. Sixty participants rated the scenes on spatial and temporal dimensions of threat. Based on these ratings, trend analysis revealed five scene categories that were comparable to those identified for the matching color photographic scenes. Another 61 participants were randomly assigned to rate the valence or arousal evoked by the line drawings. The line drawings perceived to be the most negative were also perceived to be the most arousing, replicating the finding for color photographic scenes. We demonstrate here that humans are very sensitive to the spatial and temporal directions of threat even when they must extract this information from simple line drawings, and rate the line drawings very similarly to matched color photographs. The set of 500 hand-traced line-drawing scenes has been made freely available to the research community: http://www.kveragalab.org/threat.html .

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