PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zainab Mat Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.  

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Herawan ◽  
M. S. Hadi ◽  
Md. R. Ayob ◽  
A. Putra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Time

Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of oil palm shell activated carbon by alkali chemical activation method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyuningsih ◽  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Mohamad Endy Yulianto ◽  
Indah Hartati ◽  
Eflita Yohana
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon from sugar beet residue for the adsorption of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solutions

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 8025-8032
Author(s):  
Jiaming Zhao ◽  
Lihua Yu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Huixia Ma ◽  
Kongyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

A series of micro–mesoporous activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from sugar beet residue by a two-step method including KOH chemical activation and were used for Cr(vi) removal from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Baobab Fruit Shells by Chemical Activation Using ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
R Nedjai ◽  
N A Kabbashi ◽  
M Z Alam ◽  
M F R Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Abstract Chemical agents have a good influence on the formation of activated carbons, surface characteristic, and its adsorption properties. In this study, the effect of activating agents (ZnCl2, KOH, and H3PO4) on baobab fruit shell (BFS) were evaluated. The characteristics of the baobab fruit shell based activated carbon (BF-ACs) were evaluated through the yield and iodine number. BF-ACs were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen (N2) adsorption. SEM analysis illustrates those porous structures formed on the surface of BF-ACs were with different sizes. The XRD analysis show that the main structures of BF-ACs are amorphous. FT-IR data demonstrates the presence of different surface groups on the produced BF-ACs. Among activating agent, the KOH was observed to the most appropriate for the production of activated carbon with a large surface area (1029.44 m2/g) from baobab fruit shell.

scholarly journals Computer Analysis of the Effects of Time and Gas Atmosphere of the Chemical Activation on the Development of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Derived from Oil Palm Shell

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6067
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Microporous Structure ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Gas Atmosphere

The results of the advanced computer analysis of the influence of time and gas atmosphere of the chemical activation process on the microporous structure formation of activated carbons prepared from oil palm shell via microwave irradiation and activation, using potassium hydroxide as an activation agent, are presented in this paper. The quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) and the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) methods were used especially in the analysis of the microporous structure of the activated carbons, taking into account the surface heterogeneity, and the results obtained were confronted with the simple results achieved earlier using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and T-plot methods. On the basis of the computer analysis carried out and taking into account the results obtained, it has been shown that the material with the best adsorption properties and suitable for practical industrial applications is activated carbon obtained in a gaseous nitrogen atmosphere at an activation time of 30 min. Moreover, the value of the heterogeneity parameter indicates that the surface area of this activated carbon is homogeneous, which is of particular importance in the practical application. The paper emphasizes that an erroneous approach to the interpretation of analytical results based on gas adsorption isotherms, which consists in basing conclusions only on the values of a single parameter such as specific surface area or micropore volume, should be avoided. Therefore, it is recommended to use in the analysis of measurement data, several methods of porous structure analysis, including methods considering the heterogeneity of the surface, and when interpreting the results one should also take into account the adsorption process for which the analyzed materials are dedicated.

scholarly journals Activated carbons by zinc chloride activation for dye removal – a commentary

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pua Eng Hock ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Zinc chloride is a commonly used activator in chemical activation of activated carbon. Various carbonaceous materials have been studied as potential source of activated carbon. The operating conditions are manipulated with attention to improve the properties and performance of activated carbon in the adsorption of water pollutants. However, the generalized attributes of zinc chloride activation in relation to the adsorptive performance of activated carbon are not well documented in much of published literature. Therefore, the present work is aimed to highlight the activation strategies and mechanisms of zinc chloride activation of activated carbon. The roles of impregnation ratio, period of activation and temperature are discussed to offer some insight into textural characteristics of activated carbon. The case studies on methylene blue adsorption are integrated to shed light on the external factors affecting the adsorption.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Monoliths with Potential Application as Phenol Adsorbents

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Paola Vargas-Delgadillo ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Immersion Calorimetry ◽  
Activated Carbon Monoliths ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon ◽  
Scanning Electron

A series of different activated carbons of both honeycomb and disc type were prepared by chemical activation of coconut shells with zinc chloride at different concentrations, without the use of a binder. The structures were characterized by N2adsorption at 77 K and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and also some samples were characterized by immersion calorimetry in benzene. These were subsequently used in the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution. The experimental results indicat that activation with zinc chloride produced a large development of microporosity with a micropore volume of 0.38 to 0.79 cm3g-1, BET area between 725 and 1523 m2g-1and the capacity to adsorb phenol. In addition, the BET and Langmuir models were applied to isotherm data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document