Working Memory Impairments Imitate Age-Related Behaviors in Children using Visual Stimulation Based on Event-Related Potentials

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zubaidah Mohd Tumari ◽  
Rubita Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Related Potentials

The aim of this study is to examine the working memory impairments imitate age-related between 7 to 12 years old using Event-Related Potentials (ERP) signal. 97 normal children were selected to a visual stimuli assessment (Phase 1 and Phase 2) while their working memory response was recorded using Electroencephalograph (EEG) machine. Raw EEG signal were segmented and averaged into the ERP signal according to the event stimulus occur. Discrete Wavelet Transform technique is preferred to decompose the ERP signal into different frequency band. ERP signal at alpha frequency is used because of alpha is the most prominent component of brain waves activity. The necessary features were extracted as an input for the Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Consequence indicated that the accuracy and mean performance results were significant in predicting either a child had working memory impairment or not. 7 years old have lower accuracy compared to other groups with 60% for LR and 86% for SVM. In conclusion, the study proposed that age-related changes and increasing level of visual stimuli affect working memory impaired. Thus, this study has provided empirical evidence in support for the assumption that younger children have working memory impaired through visual stimuli assessment.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Features in Detection of Dislike Responses to Audio–Visual Stimuli from EEG Signals

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firgan Feradov ◽  
Iosif Mporas ◽  
Todor Ganchev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Rbf Kernel ◽  
Eeg Features

There is a strong correlation between the like/dislike responses to audio–visual stimuli and the emotional arousal and valence reactions of a person. In the present work, our attention is focused on the automated detection of dislike responses based on EEG activity when music videos are used as audio–visual stimuli. Specifically, we investigate the discriminative capacity of the Logarithmic Energy (LogE), Linear Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (LFCC), Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-based EEG features, computed with and without segmentation of the EEG signal, on the dislike detection task. We carried out a comparative evaluation with eighteen modifications of the above-mentioned EEG features that cover different frequency bands and use different energy decomposition methods and spectral resolutions. For that purpose, we made use of Naïve Bayes classifier (NB), Classification and regression trees (CART), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classifier, and support vector machines (SVM) classifier with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel trained with the Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) method. The experimental evaluation was performed on the well-known and widely used DEAP dataset. A classification accuracy of up to 98.6% was observed for the best performing combination of pre-processing, EEG features and classifier. These results support that the automated detection of like/dislike reactions based on EEG activity is feasible in a personalized setup. This opens opportunities for the incorporation of such functionality in entertainment, healthcare and security applications.

scholarly journals Cognitive-behavioural and electrophysiological evidence of the affective consequences of ignoring stimulus representations in working memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Vito ◽  
Anne E. Ferrey ◽  
Mark J. Fenske ◽  
Naseem Al-Aidroos
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Irrelevant Distractors ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Affective Consequences

Ignoring visual stimuli in the external environment leads to decreased liking of those items; a phenomenon attributed to the affective consequences of attentional inhibition. Here we investigated the generality of this ‘distractor devaluation’ phenomenon by asking whether ignoring stimuli represented internally within visual working memory has the same affective consequences. In two experiments we presented participants with two or three visual stimuli and then, after the stimuli were no longer visible, provided an attentional cue indicating which item in memory was the target they would have to later recall, and which were task-irrelevant distractors. Participants subsequently judged how much they liked these stimuli. Previously-ignored distractors were consistently rated less favorably than targets, replicating prior findings of distractor devaluation. To gain converging evidence, in Experiment 2, we also examined the electrophysiological processes associated with devaluation by measuring individual differences in attention (N2pc) and working memory (CDA) event-related potentials following the attention cue. Larger amplitude of an N2pc-like component was associated with greater devaluation, suggesting that individuals displaying more effective selection of memory targets—an act aided by distractor inhibition—displayed greater levels of distractor devaluation. Individuals showing a larger post-cue CDA amplitude (but not pre-cue CDA amplitude) also showed greater distractor devaluation, supporting prior evidence that visual working-memory resources have a functional role in effecting devaluation. Together, these findings demonstrate that ignoring working-memory representations has affective consequences, and add to the growing evidence that the contribution of selective-attention mechanisms to a wide range of human thought and behaviors leads to devaluation.

scholarly journals Age-related differences on event-related potentials and brain rhythm oscillations during working memory activation

2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Missonnier ◽  
François R. Herrmann ◽  
Christelle Rodriguez ◽  
Marie-Pierre Deiber ◽  
Phiippe Millet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Rhythm ◽  
Memory Activation

PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WORKING MEMORY RETENTION USING EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL SIGNAL TOWARDS CHILDREN

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zubaidah Mohd Tumari ◽  
Rubita Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
Related Potentials

This study is to investigate the Event-Related Potentials (ERP) from the background of Electroencephalograph (EEG) signal for working memory retention by using visual stimuli. The proposed analysis of ERP signal is to predict the performance of working memory retention for various frequency bands such as gamma, beta, alpha, theta and delta. This study is intended to process the EEG data into ERP data and analyze the ERP signal based on power spectrum density. This method is applied to data of normal children with age between 7 to 12 years old. Result showed that alpha power band increases during working memory retention towards visual stimuli compared to the other frequency band. 9 years old has the highest amplitude alpha power compared to the other group of age. Therefore, the alpha power band at the prefrontal cortex will be used for the next analysis of the working memory retention.

Age-Related Effects on ERP and Oscillatory EEG-Dynamics in a 2-Back Task

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Gajewski ◽  
Michael Falkenstein
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Back Task

It is well known that working memory is one of the most vulnerable cognitive functions in elderly. However, little is known about the neuronal underpinnings and temporal dynamics of working memory mechanisms in healthy aging which are necessary to understand the age-related changes. To this end, 36 young and 36 old healthy individuals performed a 2-back task and a 0-back control task, while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Participants were instructed to press a response key whenever a target appeared and not to respond in case of nontargets. Expectedly, older participants showed considerably slower RTs and significantly higher rates of omitted targets and false alarms than young participants in the 2-back task, whereas no age-group difference in detection rate was found in the 0-back task. From the EEG event-related potentials as well as time-frequency plots were computed. The ERPs showed a general delay of the frontocentral N2, and an attenuation and delay of both the P3a and P3b in older versus younger adults. Importantly, the frontal P3a was reduced in older adults in the 2-back task. Time-frequency decomposition revealed consistently lower power in frontal theta (6 Hz) and parietal alpha (9–11 Hz) frequency range in older versus younger adults whereas no age-related differences were found in the delta frequency range. Task unspecific reduction of posterior alpha in elderly was paralleled by a reduction of the P3b. In contrast, the older adults had a strongly reduced frontal theta power in the 2-back task, which parallels the P3a reduction in the ERPs. The widespread reduction of alpha may indicate that older adults needed to recruit more attentional resources for successful task performance, whereas reduced frontal theta may indicate that older adults are less able to recruit frontal resources related to top-down control with increasing task demands. This suggests a less efficient fronto-parietal network synchronicity in older individuals that leads to deficits in identification and maintenance of task relevant stimuli.

Human Event-Related Potentials to Higher-Order Acoustic Spatial Changes

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Ruusuvirta ◽  
Heikki Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Human Event

Abstract Human event-related potentials (ERPs) to a tone continuously alternating between its two spatial loci of origin (middle-standards, left-standards), to repetitions of left-standards (oddball-deviants), and to the tones originally representing these repetitions presented alone (alone-deviants) were recorded in free-field conditions. During the recordings (Fz, Cz, Pz, M1, and M2 referenced to nose), the subjects watched a silent movie. Oddball-deviants elicited a spatially diffuse two-peaked deflection of positive polarity. It differed from a deflection elicited by left-standards and commenced earlier than a prominent deflection of negative polarity (N1) elicited by alone-deviants. The results are discussed in the context of the mismatch negativity (MMN) and previous findings of dissociation between spatial and non-spatial information in auditory working memory.

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