Different Types of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Systems for Simultaneous Electricity Generation and Pollutant Removal

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Zain ◽  
N. L. Ching ◽  
S. Jusoh ◽  
S. Y. Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the rate of electricity generation and the rate of carbon and nitrogen removal from wastewater using different MFC processes.  Determining whether the generation of electricity using MFC process could be related to the rate of pollutant removal from wastewater is noteworthy. Three types of MFC process configurations include the batch mode (SS), a continuous flow of influent with ferricyanide (PF) as the oxidizing agent and a continuous flow of influent with oxygen (PU) as the oxidizing agent. The highest quantity of electricity generation was achieved using the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide (0.833 V), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (0.589 V) and the batch mode (0.352 V). The highest efficiency of carbon removal is also achieved by the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide (87%), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (51%) and the batch mode (46%). Moreover, the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide produced the highest efficiency for nitrogen removal (63%), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (54%) and the batch mode (27%).

Simultaneous pollutant removal and electricity generation in denitrifying microbial fuel cell with boric acid-borate buffer solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Shaohui Zhang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Yan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Borate Buffer Solution ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Buffer Solution

A double-chamber denitrifying microbial fuel cell (MFC), using boric acid-borate buffer solution as an alternative to phosphate buffer solution, was set up to investigate the influence of buffer solution concentration, temperature and external resistance on electricity generation and pollutant removal efficiency. The result revealed that the denitrifying MFC with boric acid-borate buffer solution was successfully started up in 51 days, with a stable cell voltage of 205.1 ± 1.96 mV at an external resistance of 50 Ω. Higher concentration of buffer solution favored nitrogen removal and electricity generation. The maximum power density of 8.27 W/m3 net cathodic chamber was obtained at a buffer solution concentration of 100 mmol/L. An increase in temperature benefitted electricity generation and nitrogen removal. A suitable temperature for this denitrifying MFC was suggested to be 25 °C. Decreasing the external resistance favored nitrogen removal and organic matter consumption by exoelectrogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of microbial fuel cell (MFC) for bioelectricity generation and pollutants removal from sugar beet processing wastewater (SBPW)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md Saidul Borhan ◽  
Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation

AbstractBioelectricity generation from biodegradable compounds using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offers an opportunity for simultaneous wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the synergy of electricity generation by the MFC while reducing pollutants from sugar beet processing wastewater (SBPW). A simple dual-chamber MFC was constructed with inexpensive materials without using catalysts. Raw SBPW was diluted to several concentrations (chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 505 to 5,750 mg L−1) and fed as batch-mode into the MFC without further modification. A power density of 14.9 mW m−2 as power output was observed at a COD concentration of 2,565 mg L−1. Coulombic efficiency varied from 6.21% to 0.73%, indicating diffusion of oxygen through the cation exchange membrane and other methanogenesis and fermentation processes occurring in the anode chamber. In this study, >97% of the COD and up to 100% of the total suspended solids removals were observed from MFC-treated SBPW. Scanning electron microscopy of anode indicated that a diverse community of microbial consortia was active for electricity generation and wastewater treatment. This study demonstrated that SBPW can be used as a substrate in the MFC to generate electricity as well as to treat for pollutant removal.

scholarly journals A practical experiment to teach students continuous flow and physico-chemical methods: acetylation of ethylene diamine in liquid bi-phase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Bayana ◽  
A. John Blacker ◽  
Adam D. Clayton ◽  
Katherine E. Jolley ◽  
Ricardo Labes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Continuous Flow Chemistry ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Synthetic Reactions ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors

Abstract Despite growing applications being reported both in academia and industry, continuous flow chemistry remains a relatively untaught field across most chemistry undergraduate courses. This is particularly true in laboratory practical classes, where it is often deemed simpler to carry out synthetic reactions in traditional batch mode using round-bottomed flasks. Herein, we report the development of an undergraduate project that utilises cheap and readily available materials to construct continuous flow reactors. The students compare the performance of different types of reactors and conditions in a biphasic selective acetylation of a symmetrical diamine. Throughout the investigation, the students can vary multiple parameters as they optimise the reaction, thus actively learning and readjusting them based on their improved understanding. The experiments give the students an appreciation of continuous flow techniques in comparison to batch.

scholarly journals Removal of phenols-like substances in pharmaceutical wastewater with fungal bioreactors by adding Trametes versicolor

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bernats ◽  
T. Juhna
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Fungal Enzymes

Abstract Fungi are known to be more resistant to toxic compounds and more effective in removing recalcitrant organics such as phenols than bacteria. Here we examined the removal of phenols (as a component of Zopliclone drugs), added to non-sterile pharmaceutical wastewater with continuous treatment fungal bioreactor by its augmentation with mono-species of white-rot fungi (WRF) Trametes versicolor. Results showed that WRF in a sterile reactor (a batch mode) were moderately effective for removal of phenols (40% in seven days); however, native wastewater microbes at optimal conditions for fungi (pH 5.5, 25 °C) were more effective (90%, both in batch and continuous flow modes). In continuous flow mode, addition of WRF was an effective way to mitigate high loads of phenols (up to 400 mg/L), by both fungal enzymes (growth rate 0.075 h−1, laccase enzymatic activity 4 nkat/mL) and biosorption. The study confirmed that naturaly occuring fungi in combination with fungus-augmentation is an effective approach for treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater.

scholarly journals Biocatalysis in continuous-flow mode: A case-study in the enzymatic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols via acylation and deacylation reactions mediated by Novozym 435®

Biocatalysis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Christina Thomas ◽  
Martha Daniela Burich ◽  
Pamela Taisline Bandeira ◽  
Alfredo Ricardo Marques de Oliveira ◽  
Leandro Piovan
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution

AbstractEnzymatic kinetic resolution reactions are a well-established way to achieve optically active compounds. When enzymatic reactions are combined to continuous-flow methodologies, other benefits are added, including reproducibility, optimized energy use, minimized waste generation, among others. In this context, we herein report a case study involving lipase-mediated transesterification by acylation and deacylation reactions of secondary alcohols/esters in batch and continuous-flow modes. Acylation reactions were performed with high values of enantiomeric excess (72 up to >99%) and enantioselectivity (E > 200) for both batch and continuous-flow modes. On the other hand, for deacylation reactions using n-butanol as nucleophile, enatiomeric excess ranged between 38 to >99% and E from 6 to >200 were observed for batch mode. For deacylation reactions in continuous-flow mode, results were disappointing, as in some cases, very low or no conversion was observed. Enantiomeric excess ranged from 16 to >99% and enantioselectivity from 5 to >200 were observed. In terms of productivity, continuous-flow mode reactions were superior in both strategies (acylation: r from 1.1 up to 18.1-fold higher, deacylation: 2.8 up to 7.4- fold higher in continuous-flow than in batch mode).

Factors Affecting Nitrogen Removal in Horizontal Flow Reed Beds

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr Platzer ◽  
R. Netter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

We have evaluated nitrogen removal at three treatment plants (mannersdorf, Germerswang, See) in order to determine the relationship between effluent temperature, evapotranspiration, substratum, loading rates and the different types of nitrogen. The results showed a very high and almost complete denitrification. In most of the plants nitrification was the limiting factor. Evapotranspiration was found to be one of the strongest factors supporting nitrification. Influence of the effluent temperature was significantly lower. Investigations on influence of the substratum showed better results for nitrification and denitrification on fine material containing clay. Conclusions for research and plant design are given.

scholarly journals Tailored sol–gel immobilized lipase preparates for the enzymatic kinetic resolution of heteroaromatic alcohols in batch and continuous flow systems

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (83) ◽  
pp. 52977-52987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mădălina Elena Moisă ◽  
Cristina Georgiana Spelmezan ◽  
Cristina Paul ◽  
Judith Hajnal Bartha-Vári ◽  
László Csaba Bencze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Immobilized Lipases ◽  
Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors

The EKR of some heteroaromatic secondary ethanols with tailored sol–gel immobilized lipases in batch and continuous-flow reactors was studied. The productivity in continuous-flow mode is higher than in batch mode.

THEORY OF LAW AND PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS THEORETICAL DISCOURSES: SPECIFICS AND RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Вадим Леонидович Афанасьевский
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируется проблема взаимоотношений философии права и научной теории права. Рассматриваемая проблема стала особенно актуальной в российском образовательном пространстве в связи с введением после длительного перерыва в государственный образовательный стандарт магистратуры по юриспруденции учебной дисциплины «Философия права». Автор статьи в качестве базисного принимает тезис, согласно которому философия права, являясь сферой философской мысли, и теория права как область научного социогуманитарного знания представляют собой разные типы теоретического дискурса. Исходя из этого, в статье выстраивается теоретическая концепция, согласно которой задачей философии права как философского типа мышления является конструирование или экспликация онтологических, эпистемологических, аксиологических, феноменологических оснований для формирования и функционирования научных теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых построений. Для реализации поставленной в статье задачи подробно рассматриваются ключевые характеристики как теории философского типа, так и идеалов, норм и характеристик научного знания. Выявленное различие экстраполируется на взаимоотношение теории права как продукта научного творчества и философии права как конструкции, задающей базовые мировоззренческие смыслы. В качестве примера выработанных философией права и государства оснований научных теорий прогресса, государства, морали и права, автор приводит взгляды мыслителей западноевропейской философской классики: Т. Гоббса, Ж.-Ж. Руссо, И. Канта, Г.В.Ф. Гегеля. Именно их философские концепции предопределили образы теоретико- и историко-правовых учений XVIII, XIX, XX и даже начала XXI в. Таким образом, отношение философии права и теории права выстраивается по «вертикали»: от онтологического основания к возведению теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых научных построений. The article analyzes the problem of the relationship between the philosophy of law and the scientific theory of law. The problem under consideration has become especially urgent in the Russian educational space in connection with the introduction of the Philosophy of Law discipline master's degree in law after a long break. The author of the article takes as the basis the thesis that the philosophy of law, being the sphere of philosophical thought, and the theory of law as a field of scientific socio-humanitarian knowledge are different types of theoretical discourse. Based on this, the article builds a theoretical concept according to which the task of the philosophy of law as a philosophical type of thinking is the construction or explication of ontological, epistemological, axiological, phenomenological grounds for the formation and functioning of concrete scientific theoretical and legal and historical and legal constructions. To implement the task posed in the article, the key characteristics of both a theory of a philosophical type and ideals, norms and characteristics of scientific knowledge are examined in detail. The revealed difference is extrapolated to the relationship between the theory of law as a product of scientific creativity and the philosophy of law as a construction that sets basic philosophical meanings. As an example of the foundations of the scientific theories of progress, state, morality and law developed by the philosophy of law and the state, the author gives the views and thinkers of the West European philosophical classics T. Hobbes, J.-J. Russo, I. Kant, G.V.F. Hegel. It was their philosophical concepts that predetermined the images of theoretical and historical-legal doctrines of the XVIII, XIX, XX and even the beginning of the XXI centuries. Thus, the attitude of the philosophy of law and the theory of law is built along the «vertical»: from the ontological foundation to the construction of theoretical and historical and historical legal scientific constructions.

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