A Review of Palm Oil Biomass as a Feedstock for Syngas Fuel Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Afzanizam Samiran ◽  
Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar ◽  
Cheng Tung Chong ◽  
Ng Jo-Han
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Characteristic ◽  
Solid Biomass ◽  
Palm Frond

Fossil fuel as the world dominated energy source is depleting and posing environmental issue. Therefore, Synthesis gas (or syngas) which serve environmental clean fuel characteristic is expected to play a major role as one of the potential renewable energy in the future. Syngas, produced from solid feedstock (such as biomass, coal, refinery residual, organic waste and municipal waste) via gasification process can be used directly as fuel for power generation. Besides, syngas also acts as key intermediary to produce transport fuel depending on their quality. The chosen feedstock for syngas production determines the composition and heating value of the syngas produced and hence will be reviewed in general. This paper then review critically palms biomass as the potential source of feedstock for syngas production, as it is widely accessible in the context Malaysia. Palm biomass presents a solution that is sustainable and eco-friendly that is yet to be fully capitalized in the palm oil industry.  Some of the palm biomass including oil palm frond (OPF), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) are identified to contain high heating value which indicate their potential use as solid biomass feedstock for syngas production.

scholarly journals Empty fruit bunch (EFB) gasification in an entrained flow gasification system

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Wan Muhamad Syafiq Wan Ismail ◽  
Ruwaida Abdul Rasid
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Entrained Flow Gasification

<p>Biomass has become one of the most commonly used renewable sources of energy in the last two decades. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the examples for the biomass that is used as a renewable energy source. From the palm oil processing industry, only 10% are the final products such as palm oil and palm kernel oil, while the remaining 90% are harvestable biomass waste in the form of EFB, palm kernel shell (PKS) and oil palm frond (OPF). This overload amount of biomass waste will cause an abundance of waste which will also affect the environment. To convert EFB into usable energy in ways that are more efficient, less polluting, and economical, gasification has merge as one of the most favorable technological innovations in synthesis gas (syngas) production. The main aim of this work is to study the EFB gasification in an entrained flow gasification process based on the different operating temperature (700<sup>°</sup>C to 900<sup>°</sup>C) and equivalence ratio, ER (0.2 – 0.4), evaluated based on the production of gases such as hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). It was found that as the temperature was increased from 700<sup>°</sup>C to 900<sup>°</sup>C, the production of H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> increased while CO was decreased. The optimum ER value of 0.30 was found to attain the highest Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) value of 74.03% at 900°C.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 43-49</p>

Syngas production from palm kernel shell and polyethylene waste blend in fluidized bed catalytic steam co-gasification process

Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Alipour Moghadam ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Bridgid Lai Fui Chin ◽  
Hon Loong Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Gasification Process

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted pre-carbonisation of palm kernel shell produced charcoal with high heating value and low gaseous emission

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 2945-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahrul Hayawin Zainal ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Juferi Idris ◽  
Ropandi Mamat ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gaseous Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on bio-oil fractions of palm kernel shell thermal distillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Deana Qarizada ◽  
Erfan Mohammadian ◽  
Azil Bahari Alias ◽  
Humapar Azhar Rahimi ◽  
Suriatie Binti Mat Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

Distillation is an essential thermo chemical process; it mainly depends on temperature which affects mostly the product yield and composition. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the characterization of bio-oil liquid fraction derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) bio-oil. The temperatures were 100 °C and 140°C. The higher heating value (HHV) obtained were 28.6MJ/Kg and 31.5MJ/Kg for bio-oil fraction 100°C and 140°C respectively. The GC- MS analysis determined that phenol is the dominant product in bio-oil fractions.

Palm Kernel Shell as Potential Fuel for Syngas Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Hadiza A. Umar ◽  
S. A. Sulaiman ◽  
Mior Azman B. Meor Said ◽  
Rabi K. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Syngas Production

Insight into Co-pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) with Palm Oil Sludge (POS): Effect on Bio-oil Yield and Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5877-5889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvindran Vasu ◽  
Choon Fai Wong ◽  
Navin Raj Vijiaretnam ◽  
Yen Yee Chong ◽  
Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Insight Into

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL IN PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF POFA BASED MORTAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽  
Mostafa Samadi ◽  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper presents the utilization of palm oil fuel ash and oil palm kernel shell as cement and sand replacement, respectively in the production of palm oil fuel ash based mortar mixes as part of new and innovative materials in the construction industry. The study includes basic properties such as water absorption, density, compressive strength, and microstructure test with regards to variations in the mix design process. In order to get better performance in terms of strength development, the ash used was subjected to heat treatment and grounded to the size of less than 2 µm. High volume of 80% palm oil fuel ash was used as cement replacement, while 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of oil palm kernel shell was used as sand replacement. The results indicated that the density of the mortar decreases with increasing volume of oil palm kernel ash as sand replacement. Three different types of mortar were produced with different percentages of oil palm kernel shell, which was high strength, medium strength, and low strength lightweight mortars.

scholarly journals Gas Emission of Palm Oil Waste Bricks During Firing Process at Different Heating Rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Noor Amira Sarani ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Hamidah Syd Othman
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

The demand for brick materials is expected to increase rapidly. However, pollutant emission during the firing process becomes a threat to the human and environment. Therefore, this study is focusing on the release of pollutant gasses during firing manufactured bricks. The bricks were incorporated with 5% of palm oil waste (palm kernel shell and empty fruit bunches) and fired at different heating rates: 1°C/min, 3°C/min and 5°C/min. All samples were fired until it reached 1050°C and retained for 2 hours soaking time. The gas emission measured during firing process includes carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The results of estimated total emission (ETE) of gasses were compared to control bricks and palm oil waste brick. The result obtained has shown that increased heating rates cause decreased in gas emission, especially for CO2 and CO. Therefore, this study determined that pollutant gasses are least minimal at high heating rates (5°C/min). As a conclusion, several pollutant gasses did not comply with the federal Clean Air Act’s National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) set by Environmental Protection Agency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document