Analysis of Sleep Deprivation Effect to Driving Performance Using ReactionTest Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Nurlaili Isnainiyah ◽  
Febriliyan Samopa ◽  
Hatma Suryotrisongko ◽  
Edwin Riksakomara
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Deprivation Condition ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Sleep Condition ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Habits

Sleep deprivation condition might lead to falling asleep through inappropriate situations, such as driving. Driving in a state of fatigue or drowsy from lack of sleep will be far worse than driving after alcohol consumption. Hence, the authors develop a driving simulator using Java to modify the control and rules of OpenDS application in order to simulate and calculate the automatic ReactionTest for 25 respondents simulating in both normal conditions and sleepy conditions when driving. Through this study, the authors obtained that the difference of driving performance in terms of reaction rate when driving the car in sleep deprivation condition and the normal condition, is equal to 1.08 seconds. The results also shown that the risk of loss of control that can occur to the driver of the car in units of meters (m), is equal to 0.3024 x the car’s speed. This study aims to reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by sleep deprivation that occur in society by giving a recommendation to the driver that forced to drive in lack of sleep condition. In top of that, the authors propose to create an understanding for changing the social habits of driving toward a better way.  

Sleep deprivation reduces vagal tone during an inspiratory endurance task in humans

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy-Paul Westphal ◽  
Christophe Rault ◽  
René Robert ◽  
Stéphanie Ragot ◽  
Jean-Philippe Neau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Deprivation Condition ◽  
Sleep Condition ◽  
Inspiratory Motor ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Normalized Units ◽  
Inspiratory Load

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep deprivation alters inspiratory endurance by reducing inspiratory motor output. Vagal tone is involved in exercise endurance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on vagal tone adaptation in healthy subjects performing an inspiratory effort. Methods Vagal tone was assessed using Heart Rate Variability normalized units of frequency domain component HF (high frequency) before, at the start, and the end of an inspiratory loading trial performed until exhaustion by 16 volunteers after one night of sleep deprivation and one night of normal sleep, where sleep deprivation reduced the inspiratory endurance by half compared to the normal sleep condition (30min vs 60 min). Results At rest, heart rate was similar in sleep deprivation and normal sleep conditions. In normal sleep condition, heart rate increased during inspiratory loading task; this increase was greater in sleep deprivation condition. In normal sleep condition, vagal tone increased at the beginning of the trial. This vagal tone increase was absent in sleep deprivation condition. Conclusions Sleep deprivation abolished vagal tone response to inspiratory load, possibly contributing to a higher heart rate during the trial and to a reduced inspiratory endurance.

The cortisol awakening response after sleep deprivation: Is the cortisol awakening response a “response” to awakening or a circadian process?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 900-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Vargas ◽  
Nestor Lopez-Duran
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Deprivation Condition ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
Sleep Condition

This study tested whether the cortisol awakening response is dependent on the transition from sleep to awakening, or alternatively, a circadian-driven process that is independent of awakening. A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned to either a total sleep deprivation or a sleep condition. Salivary cortisol was also assessed. Participants in the sleep condition demonstrated a traditional cortisol awakening response, whereas participants in the total sleep deprivation condition showed no increases in morning cortisol. These results are consistent with the notion that if circadian-driven processes are related to the cortisol awakening response, they may only be activated when awakening occurs or is anticipated.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of electroencephalographic tests of alpha activity attenuation in evaluation of involuntary falling asleep in healthy adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Zvonko Sundric ◽  
Nenad Rajsic ◽  
Milan Lakocevic ◽  
Emilija Nikolic-Djoric
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Filter Width ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Falling Asleep

Introduction. Decrease of daily alertness is a common cause of accidents in the work place, especially traffic accidents. Therefore, an increasing interest exists to determine reliable indicators of a tendency to fall asleep involuntarily. Objective. To determine an optimal electroencephalographic (EEG) indicator of an involuntary tendency to fall asleep, we performed a study on neurologically healthy subjects, after one night of sleep deprivation. Total sleep deprivation was aimed at increasing daily sleepiness in healthy subjects, providing us with an opportunity to test different methods of evaluation. Methods. We applied a visual analogue scale for sleepiness (VASS), EEG registration with the specific test of alpha activity attenuation (TAA) in 87 healthy subjects. The test was performed in a standard way (sTAA) as well as in accordance with new modifications related to changes of EEG filter width in the range from 5 to 32 Hz (mTAA). Results. After sleep deprivation, we observed involuntary falling asleep in 54 subjects. The comparison of VASS results showed no differences, contrary to a more objective TAA. Between two variants of TAA, the modified test provided us with a better prediction for subjects who would fall asleep involuntarily. Conclusion. The application of a more objective EEG test in evaluation of daily alertness represents the optimal method of testing. Modified TAA attracts special attention, offering a simple solution for reliable testing of decreased daily alertness in medical services related to professional aircraft personnel.

Effects of Slow-Release Caffeine and a Nap on Driving Simulator Performance after Partial Sleep Deprivation

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke De Valck ◽  
Esther De Groot ◽  
Raymond Cluydts
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation

A driving simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-min. nap and 300-mg slow-release caffeine as countermeasures to drivers' sleepiness induced by partial sleep deprivation. 12 participants were allowed 4.5 hr. time in bed at the laboratory. Driving performance then was measured twice—at 9 a.m. and at 1 p.m.—by a 45-min. driving task on a simulator. Subjective sleepiness/alertness and mood were assessed four times on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Driving performance was assessed as Lane Drifting, Speed Deviation, and Accident Liability. A 30-min. nap opportunity and 300 mg of slow-release caffeine both were successful in counteracting drivers' sleepiness. The remedial effect of slow-release caffeine lasted longer than that of the nap, that is, it was also effective in the afternoon session. This suggests that slow-release caffeine represents a valuable countermeasure that, in the case of partial sleep deprivation, is preferred to a nap when sleepiness has to be counteracted for a longer time.

scholarly journals On-road driving impairment following sleep deprivation differs according to age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna W. T. Cai ◽  
Jessica E. Manousakis ◽  
Bikram Singh ◽  
Jonny Kuo ◽  
Katherine J. Jeppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

AbstractImpaired driving performance due to sleep loss is a major contributor to motor-vehicle crashes, fatalities, and serious injuries. As on-road, fully-instrumented studies of drowsy driving have largely focused on young drivers, we examined the impact of sleep loss on driving performance and physiological drowsiness in both younger and older drivers of working age. Sixteen ‘younger’ adults (M = 24.3 ± 3.1 years [21–33 years], 9 males) and seventeen ‘older’ adults (M = 57.3 ± 5.2, [50–65 years], 9 males) undertook two 2 h drives on a closed-loop track in an instrumented vehicle with a qualified instructor following (i) 8 h sleep opportunity the night prior (well-rested), and (ii) after 29-h of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Following TSD, both age groups displayed increased subjective sleepiness and lane departures (p < 0.05), with younger drivers exhibiting 7.37 × more lane departures, and 11 × greater risk of near crash events following sleep loss. While older drivers exhibited a 3.5 × more lane departures following sleep loss (p = 0.008), they did not have a significant increase in near-crash events (3/34 drives). Compared to older adults, younger adults had 3.1 × more lane departures (p = < 0.001), and more near crash events (79% versus 21%, p = 0.007). Ocular measures of drowsiness, including blink duration, number of long eye closures and PERCLOS increased following sleep loss for younger adults only (p < 0.05). These results suggest that for older working-aged adults, driving impairments observed following sleep loss may not be due to falling asleep. Future work should examine whether this is attributed to other consequences of sleep loss, such as inattention or distraction from the road.

Effects of Gesture-Based Interaction on Driving Behavior: A Driving Simulator Study Using the Projection-Based Vehicle-in-the-Loop

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082094328
Author(s):  
Lisa Graichen ◽  
Matthias Graichen ◽  
Josef F. Krems
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Visual Distraction ◽  
Performance Effects

Objective We observe the driving performance effects of gesture-based interaction (GBI) versus touch-based interaction (TBI) for in-vehicle information systems (IVISs). Background As a contributing factor to a number of traffic accidents, driver distraction is a significant problem for traffic safety. More specifically, visual distraction has a strong negative impact on driving performance and risk perception. Thus, the implementation of new interaction systems that use midair gestures to encourage glance-free interactions could reduce visual distraction among drivers. Methods In this experiment, participants drove a projection-based Vehicle-in-the-Loop. The projection-based technology combines a visual simulation with kinesthetic, vestibular, and auditory feedback from a car on a test track. While driving, participants used GBI or TBI to perform IVIS tasks. To investigate driving behavior related to critical driving situations and car-following maneuvers, vehicle data based upon longitudinal and lateral driving were collected. Results Participants reacted faster to critical driving situations when using GBI compared to TBI. For drivers using TBI, steering performance decreased and time headway to a preceding vehicle was higher. Conclusion Gestures provide a safe alternative to in-vehicle interactions. Moreover, GBI has fewer effects on driver distraction than TBI. Application Potential applications of this research include all in-vehicle interaction systems used by drivers.

341 Acute effects of seltorexant, a selective orexin-2 antagonist (JNJ- 42847922), on driving after bedtime administration

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A136-A136
Author(s):  
S Brooks ◽  
R G J A Zuiker ◽  
G E Jacobs ◽  
I Kezic ◽  
A Savitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction Seltorexant (JNJ-42847922), a potent and selective antagonist of the human orexin-2 receptor, is being developed for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Seltorexant also has sleep-promoting properties. Investigating the effects of sleep-promoting medications on driving is important because some of these agents (e.g. GABAA receptor agonists) may be associated with increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. We evaluated the effect of seltorexant on driving after forced awakening at night, using a validated driving simulator. Methods This double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, randomized, 3-way cross-over study was conducted in 18 male and 18 female healthy subjects. All subjects received seltorexant 40 mg, zolpidem 10 mg, or placebo 15 minutes before bedtime. Eighteen subjects were awakened at 2- and 6-hours post-dose, and the other 18 at 4- and 8-hours post-dose. At those timepoints, pharmacokinetics, objective (standard deviation of the lateral position [SDLP]) and subjective effects (using Perceived Driving Quality and Effort Scales) on driving ability, postural stability and subjective sleepiness were assessed. Results For seltorexant, the SDLP difference from placebo (95% confidence interval) at 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-hours post-dose was 3.9 cm (1.26, 6.60), 0.9 cm (-1.08, 2.92), 1.1 cm (-0.42, 2.63), and 0.6 cm (-2.75, 1.55), respectively vs. 9.6 cm (6.97, 12.38), 6.6 cm (3.53, 9.60), 4.7 cm (1.46, 7.85), and 1.3cm (-1.16, 3.80), respectively for zolpidem. The difference from placebo was significant at 2-hours after taking seltorexant, while the difference from placebo was significant at 2, 4 and 6-hours after zolpidem. Subjective driving quality was decreased for both drugs at all time points and driving effort was increased up to 4-hours post-dose for both medications. Subjective sleepiness showed a significant increase compared to placebo 2- and 4-hours after administration of either drug. Postural stability was decreased up to 2-hours after administration of seltorexant, and up to 4-hours after administration of zolpidem. Conclusion Compared to zolpidem, objective effects on driving performance were more transient after seltorexant administration and largely normalized by 4–6 hours post-dose. Support (if any) This work was sponsored by Janssen R&D.

Effects of Individual Differences, Attention, and Memory Deficits on Driver Distraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1196-1201
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Arca ◽  
Kaitlin M. Stanford ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Simulated Driving

The current study was designed to empirically examine the effects of individual differences in attention and memory deficits on driver distraction. Forty-eight participants consisting of 37 non-ADHD and 11 ADHD drivers were tested in a medium fidelity GE-ISIM driving simulator. All participants took part in a series of simulated driving scenarios involving both high and low traffic conditions in conjunction with completing a 20-Questions task either by text- message or phone-call. Measures of UFOV, simulated driving, heart rate variability, and subjective (NASA TLX) workload performance were recorded for each of the experimental tasks. It was hypothesized that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density would affect driving performance as measured by driving performance, workload assessment, and physiological measures. Preliminary results indicated that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density affected the performance of the secondary task. These results provide further evidence for the deleterious effects of cellphone use on driver distraction, especially for drivers who are diagnosed with attention-deficit and memory capacity deficits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research are also presented.

Traffic accident and emission reduction through intermittent release measures for heavy fog weather

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (25) ◽  
pp. 1550148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shi ◽  
Jin-Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Heavy fog weather can increase traffic accidents and lead to freeway closures which result in delays. This paper aims at exploring traffic accident and emission characteristics in heavy fog, as well as freeway intermittent release measures for heavy fog weather. A driving simulator experiment is conducted for obtaining driving behaviors in heavy fog. By proposing a multi-cell cellular automaton (CA) model based on the experimental data, the role of intermittent release measures on the reduction of traffic accidents and CO emissions is studied. The results show that, affected by heavy fog, when cellular occupancy [Formula: see text], the probability of traffic accidents is much higher; and CO emissions increase significantly when [Formula: see text]. After an intermittent release measure is applied, the probability of traffic accidents and level of CO emissions become reasonable. Obviously, the measure can enhance traffic safety and reduce emissions.

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