Investigating the Impact of Rainfall on Travel Speed

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordiana Mashros ◽  
Johnnie Ben-Edigbe ◽  
Hashim Mohammed Alhassan ◽  
Sitti Asmah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Rainfall Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

The road network is particularly susceptible to adverse weather with a range of impacts when different weather conditions are experienced. Adverse weather often leads to decreases in traffic speed and subsequently affects the service levels. The paper is aimed at investigating the impact of rainfall on travel speed and quantifying the extent to which travel speed reduction occurs. Empirical studies were conducted on principle road in Terengganu and Johor, respectively for three months. Traffic data were collected by way of automatic traffic counter and rainfall data from the nearest raingauge station were supplied by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage supplemented by local survey data. These data were filtered to obtain traffic flow information for both dry and wet operating conditions and then were analyzed to see the effect of rainfall on percentile speeds. The results indicated that travel speed at 15th, 50th and 85th percentiles decrease with increasing rainfall intensities. It was observed that allpercentile speeds decreased from a minimum of 1% during light rain to a maximum of 14% during heavy rain. Based on the hypothesis that travel speed differ significantly between dry and rainfall condition; the study found substantial changes in percentile speeds and concluded that rainfalls irrespective of their intensities have significant impact on the travel speed.

scholarly journals Joint Impact of Rain and Incidents on Traffic Stream Speeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elhenawy ◽  
Hesham A. Rakha ◽  
Huthaifa I. Ashqar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Stream ◽  
Traffic Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Unpredictable and heterogeneous weather conditions and road incidents are common factors that impact highway traffic speeds. A better understanding of the interplay of different factors that affect roadway traffic speeds is essential for policymakers to mitigate congestion and improve road safety. This study investigates the effect of precipitation and incidents on the speed of traffic in the eastbound direction of I-64 in Virginia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that studies the relationship between precipitation and incidents as factors that would have a combined effect on traffic stream speeds. Furthermore, using a mixture model of two linear regressions, we were able to model the two different regimes that the traffic speed could be classified into, namely, free-flow and congested. Using INRIX traffic data from 2013 through 2016 along a 25.6-mi section of Interstate 64 in Virginia, results show that the reduction of traffic speed only due to incidents ranges from 41% to 75% if the road is already congested. In this case, precipitation was found to be statistically insignificant. However, regardless of the incident impact, the effect of light rain in free-flow conditions ranges from insignificant to a 4% speed reduction while the effect of heavy rain ranges from a 0.6% to a 6.5% speed reduction when the incident severity is low but has a roughly double effect when the incident severity is high.

Impact of Multilane Median Openings Zone on Travel Speed

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman R ◽  
Ben-Edigbe J
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Median Opening ◽  
The Impact

Thispaperaims to assess the impact of median openings zone of travel speed. Median openings or Midblock U-turn facilities are often constructed to provide motorists with detour option in circumstances where traffic conflict manoeuvres are eminent and prevalent. In previous studies, it has been shown that median openings will reduce the number of conflicts at relevant intersection.Hence median openings were built on multilane highways in Malaysia.Theirconstruction provoked debate on safety and traffic flow impediment issues. Based on the hypothesis that multilane median openings would cause travel speed reduction; an impact study was carried out at selected sites in Johor, Malaysia during daylight and dry weather conditions. Traffic volume, speed, and vehicle types were collected per road section for two directions continuously for eight weeks. The survey data were supplemented with highway design information culled from the Malaysian Public Works Departments manual. Travel speeds at median opening zone were estimated for both directional traffic flows. Results show significant decrease in travel speed of up to54.2% at the diverging section of the median openings zone. A slight drop of about 5% resulted from median openings zone at the merging section. The paper concluded that median openings zone facilities irrespective of their traffic conflicts minimisation merits will trigger significant travel speed reduction.

Uncertainties of Ship Speed Loss Evaluation Under Real Weather Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Prpić-Oršić ◽  
Kenji Sasa ◽  
Marko Valčić ◽  
Odd Magnus Faltinsen
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Absolute Certainty ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Behavior ◽  
Ship Speed

Abstract A correct assessment of the ship speed loss in conditions of operation is becoming increasingly important for ship owners as well as ship designers. We are witnessing increasing concern for the environment and awareness of the necessity to preserve it as much as we could. The ship speed drop in the real environmental conditions can cause increased fuel consumption as well as increased emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ships. Decrease in the ship speed in real conditions is a consequence of the added resistance due to the impact of weather conditions and due to aggravated propeller working conditions. Moreover, the solution estimation of this problem is very much affected by human factors. Ship master, concerning for safety, can make a judgment that under certain adverse weather loads, it is necessary to slowdown or change ship's course to moderate or bypass the worst condition. In addition, the loading condition of the ship is constantly changing, which governs the basic parameters of the ship: the mass and mass moment of inertia, draft and trim and, consequently, the ship behavior at sea. All these parameters affect the assessment of ship speed, and it is necessary to be conscious of the intensity of their impact on the final value. At the same time, they cannot be predicted with absolute certainty, so the purpose of this analysis is to estimate the impact of weather and operational uncertainties on the actual speed of the ship in real operating conditions.

Uncertainties of Ship Speed Loss Evaluation Under Real Weather Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Prpić-Oršić ◽  
Kenji Sasa ◽  
Marko Valčić ◽  
Odd Magnus Faltinsen
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Absolute Certainty ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Behavior ◽  
Ship Speed

A correct assessment of the ship speed loss in conditions of exploitation is becoming increasingly important for ship owners as well as ship designers. We are witnessing the increasing concern for the environment and awareness of the necessity to preserve it as much as we could. The ship speed drop in the real environmental conditions can cause the increased fuel consumption as well as increased emissions of CO2 and other GHG (greenhouse gases) from ships. Decrease of the ship speed in real conditions is a consequence of the added resistance due to the impact of weather conditions, i.e. waves and wind, and due to aggravated working conditions of propeller, i.e. engine system. Moreover, the solution estimation of this problem is very affected by human factors. Ship master, concerning for safety, can make a judgment that, under certain adverse weather loads, it is necessary to slow down or change ship’s course to moderate or bypass the worst condition. In addition, the loading condition of the ship is constantly changing which govern the basic parameters of the ship: the mass and mass moment of inertia, draft and trim and, consequently, the ship behavior at sea. All these parameters affect the assessment of ship speed and it is necessary to be conscious of the intensity of their impact on the final value. At the same time, they cannot be predicted with absolute certainty so the purpose of this analysis is to estimate the impact of weather and operational uncertainties on the actual speed of the ship in real operating conditions.

OPERATING SPEED OF VEHICLES DURING RAINFALL AT NIGHT: CASE STUDY IN PONTIAN, JOHOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti Asmah Hassan ◽  
Lavine Wong ◽  
Nordiana Mashros ◽  
Hashim Mohammed Alhassan ◽  
Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Rainfall Condition ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Water Accumulation ◽  
Traffic Management System ◽  
The Impact

Speed is one of the important parameters of traffic flow that can be used to determine the performance of driver’s behaviour under various scenarios. Changes in weather conditions caused changes in drivers’ speed due to various reasons. In Malaysia, there is slightly high number of road accidents at night. Rainfall at night does not only cause poor visibility to drivers, but it also gives a sense of insecurity especially as there is a significant reduction in the visibility of the object in front. Improper road conditions can worsen the situation, for example, rainfall can cause water accumulation on road surfaces which can increase skidding problem, potholes and hydroplaning effect. In relation to these situations, hence it is crucial to understand how the abrupt situation affect response of driver’s in terms of the macroscopic behaviour. These unpredictable environmental changes seem like portraying a very unpleasant journey for drivers especially to travel under rainfall condition at night. Therefore, there is a need to observe how individual vehicles react in terms of speed adjustment and response to the different rainfall intensities downpour at night. Hence this study was conducted to determine the impact of different rainfall intensities at night on vehicles’ speed. Traffic data was obtained using automatic traffic counter at a cross section of a road at Pengkalan Raja, Pontian for about three months during monsoon season. Rainfall data report was obtained from the Department of Drainage and Irrigation, Pontian. From this study, it was found that there is a speed reduction from the dry condition regardless of rainfall intensities at night. As rainfall intensities at night higher, the speed reduction is higher as well except for heavy rainfall condition.   The mean speed, 15th percentile and 85th percentile of vehicles decrease with the increase in rainfall intensity at night. It can be concluded that rainfall have impact on vehicle’s speed irrespective of their intensities. Findings from this study can be used to help local authorities and transport planners in planning an efficient traffic management system for a safer travel experience to road users in Malaysia.

scholarly journals WeatherEye-Proposal of an Algorithm Able to Classify Weather Conditions from Traffic Camera Images

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Khouloud Dahmane ◽  
Pierre Duthon ◽  
Frédéric Bernardin ◽  
Michèle Colomb ◽  
Frédéric Chausse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Essential Prerequisite ◽  
Local Weather

In road environments, real-time knowledge of local weather conditions is an essential prerequisite for addressing the twin challenges of enhancing road safety and avoiding congestions. Currently, the main means of quantifying weather conditions along a road network requires the installation of meteorological stations. Such stations are costly and must be maintained; however, large numbers of cameras are already installed on the roadside. A new artificial intelligence method that uses road traffic cameras and a convolution neural network to detect weather conditions has, therefore, been proposed. It addresses a clearly defined set of constraints relating to the ability to operate in real-time and to classify the full spectrum of meteorological conditions and order them according to their intensity. The method can differentiate between five weather conditions such as normal (no precipitation), heavy rain, light rain, heavy fog and light fog. The deep-learning method’s training and testing phases were conducted using a new database called the Cerema-AWH (Adverse Weather Highway) database. After several optimisation steps, the proposed method obtained an accuracy of 0.99 for classification.

Modelling of 10 Gbps Free Space Optics Communication Link Using Array of Receivers in Moderate and Harsh Weather Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gupta ◽  
Nagpal Shaina
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Space Optics ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntersymbol interference and attenuation of signal are two major parameters affecting the quality of transmission in Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication link. In this paper, the impact of these parameters on FSO communication link is analysed for delivering high-quality data transmission. The performance of the link is investigated under the influence of amplifier in the link. The performance parameters of the link like minimum bit error rate, received signal power and Quality factor are examined by employing erbium-doped fibre amplifier in the link. The effects of amplifier are visualized with the amount of received power. Further, the link is simulated for moderate weather conditions at various attenuation levels on transmitted signal. Finally, the designed link is analysed in adverse weather conditions by using high-power laser source for optimum performance.

Comparison of two gap-filling techniques for nitrous oxide fluxes from agricultural soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezvan Taki ◽  
Claudia Wagner-Riddle ◽  
Gary Parkin ◽  
Rob Gordon ◽  
Andrew VanderZaag
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

Micrometeorological methods are ideally suited for continuous measurements of N2O fluxes, but gaps in the time series occur due to low-turbulence conditions, power failures, and adverse weather conditions. Two gap-filling methods including linear interpolation and artificial neural networks (ANN) were utilized to reconstruct missing N2O flux data from a corn–soybean–wheat rotation and evaluate the impact on annual N2O emissions from 2001 to 2006 at the Elora Research Station, ON, Canada. The single-year ANN method is recommended because this method captured flux variability better than the linear interpolation method (average R2 of 0.41 vs. 0.34). Annual N2O emission and annual bias resulting from linear and single-year ANN were compatible with each other when there were few and short gaps (i.e., percentage of missing values <30%). However, with longer gaps (>20 d), the bias error in annual fluxes varied between 0.082 and 0.344 kg N2O-N ha−1 for linear and 0.069 and 0.109 kg N2O-N ha−1 for single-year ANN. Hence, the single-year ANN with lower annual bias and stable approach over various years is recommended, if the appropriate driving inputs (i.e., soil temperature, soil water content, precipitation, N mineral content, and snow depth) needed for the ANN model are available.

scholarly journals An Advanced Deep Learning Approach for Multi-Object Counting in Urban Vehicular Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Ahmed Dirir ◽  
Henry Ignatious ◽  
Hesham Elsayed ◽  
Manzoor Khan ◽  
Mohammed Adib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Object Counting ◽  
The Impact

Object counting is an active research area that gained more attention in the past few years. In smart cities, vehicle counting plays a crucial role in urban planning and management of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to address this problem. However, the resulting detection accuracy is still not adequate. This paper proposes an efficient approach that uses deep learning concepts and correlation filters for multi-object counting and tracking. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using a dataset consisting of 16 videos with different features to examine the impact of object density, image quality, angle of view, and speed of motion towards system accuracy. Performance evaluation exhibits promising results in normal traffic scenarios and adverse weather conditions. Moreover, the proposed approach outperforms the performance of two recent approaches from the literature.

scholarly journals Erosion Failure of a Soil Slope by Heavy Rain: Laboratory Investigation and Modified GA Model of Soil Slope Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Jing ◽  
Yulong Chen ◽  
Changshu Pan ◽  
Tianwei Yin ◽  
Wensong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Soil Slope ◽  
Saturated Zone ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Rainfall Condition ◽  
The Impact

Rainfall has been identified as one of the main causes for slope failures in areas where high annual rainfall is experienced. The slope angle is important for its stability during rainfall. This paper aimed to determine the impact of the angle of soil slope on the migration of wetting front in rainfall. The results proved that under the same rainfall condition, more runoff was generated with the increase of slope angle, which resulted in more serious erosion of the soil and the ascent of wetting front. A modified Green-Ampt (GA) model of wetting front was also proposed considering the seepage in the saturated zone and the slope angle. These findings will provide insights into the rainfall-induced failure of soil slopes in terms of angle.

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