Chromium (III) Removal by Epoxy-Cross-Linked Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. J. Erniza ◽  
S. C. Low
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Blend Membrane ◽  
Membrane Morphology ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study attempts to correlate the changes in membrane morphology with the separation efficiency of the polyethersulfone/epoxy resin (PES/ER) blend membranes. Intermolecular interactions between the components in PES/ER blend membranes were established by ATR-FTIR and the morphological study by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has confirmed the significant changes of pores connectivity between the sub-layers of membrane. PES/ER blend membrane with 10% of ER revealed highest rejection of Cr(III) ions at 85% without jeopardizing the permeate flux (12.17 L/m2h). From the results, it could be concluded that the PES/ER blend membrane has the great potential in the removal of chromium ions from an aqueous waste. 

Effect of PVP content on the quaternized polysulfone in blend membranes

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aibin Huang ◽  
Chaobo Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Blend Membrane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA series of blend membranes of quaternized polysulfone (QPSF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were obtained by a novel method. The procedure of quaternization of chloromethylated polysulfone and the process of blend are synchronous. These blend membranes, prepared with quaternized polysulfone (QPSF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degrees of swelling of the membranes in some solvent were also measured. The ionic resistances of the membranes were measured too. With the increasing of PVP content, the properties of the membranes have changed. The tensile strength of blend membrane dropped while the degrees of swelling of the membranes in water increased. The ionic resistance of the membrane dropped with the PVP content increasing in blend membranes. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has good compatibility with quaternized polysulfone in blend membranes.

A New Image Processing Technique for STEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kokubo ◽  
Hirotami Koike ◽  
Teruo Someya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Energy Analyzer ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

One of the advantages of scanning electron microscopy is the capability for processing the image contrast, i.e., the image processing technique. Crewe et al were the first to apply this technique to a field emission scanning microscope and show images of individual atoms. They obtained a contrast which depended exclusively on the atomic numbers of specimen elements (Zcontrast), by displaying the images treated with the intensity ratio of elastically scattered to inelastically scattered electrons. The elastic scattering electrons were extracted by a solid detector and inelastic scattering electrons by an energy analyzer. We noted, however, that there is a possibility of the same contrast being obtained only by using an annular-type solid detector consisting of multiple concentric detector elements.

scholarly journals A Review on Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of ZnO: Mechanisms and Microscopic Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buzuayehu Abebe ◽  
Enyew Amare Zereffa ◽  
Aschalew Tadesse ◽  
H. C. Ananda Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electronic Configuration ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Metal oxide nanomaterials are one of the preferences as antibacterial active materials. Due to its distinctive electronic configuration and suitable properties, ZnO is one of the novel antibacterial active materials. Nowadays, researchers are making a serious effort to improve the antibacterial activities of ZnO by forming a composite with the same/different bandgap semiconductor materials and doping of ions. Applying capping agents such as polymers and plant extract that control the morphology and size of the nanomaterials and optimizing different conditions also enhance the antibacterial activity. Forming a nanocomposite and doping reduces the electron/hole recombination, increases the surface area to volume ratio, and also improves the stability towards dissolution and corrosion. The release of antimicrobial ions, electrostatic interaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations are the crucial antibacterial activity mechanism. This review also presents a detailed discussion of the antibacterial activity improvement of ZnO by forming a composite, doping, and optimizing different conditions. The morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal microscopy can confirm the antibacterial activity and also supports for developing a satisfactory mechanism. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract showing the metal oxides antibacterial mechanism and the fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic images.

Ultrastructural Features of Mammalian Sperm: Applications of Cold Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (S02) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
A Klaus ◽  
G Hunnicutt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Mammalian Sperm ◽  
Scanning Electron

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005

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