Removal of Ethyl Orange Dye Using Hybrid Chitosan and Zinc Oxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Mohamad Akmal Mahmud ◽  
Mazura Jusoh ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman ◽  
Hajar Alias
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Mixing Rate

Ethyl Orange is a type of water-soluble azo dye, which is widely used in the textile, printing, paper manufacturing, pharmaceutical and food industries. Due to a large-scale production and extensive application of azo dyes, it can cause considerable amount of polluted wastewater and can generate serious health-risk factors. Chitosan, a low cost adsorbent has been widely used to treat azo dye. Recent studies had discovered heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductors such as zinc oxide is quite applicable because of its ability to decolorize dye-containing wastewater more effectively. The purpose of this research is to hybridize the low-cost adsorbent chitosan and semiconductor zinc oxide to produce an adsorbent which has high efficiency for removing azo dye. The parameters that were used in this study are pH values (pH 5.0 to 9.0), temperature (25 to 60◦C) and the initial dye concentration (0.10 to 1.00 mg/L). The results obtained showed that hybrid chitosan and zinc oxide adsorbent had successfully decolorized ethyl orange dye in water. The optimum conditions for the highest removal of ethyl orange (85%) were achieved at following conditions; temperature of 60°C, using adsorbent containing 1 g of chitosan and 2.0wt % of zinc oxide, 1.0 mg/L of dye concentration, at pH 7 and 2 hours of mixing time with 130 rpm of mixing rate. In this study, the adsorption process was found to fit the Freundlich isotherm than of the Langmuir isotherm. 

scholarly journals Sustainable Fully Printed UV Sensors on Cork Using Zinc Oxide/Ethylcellulose Inks

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Figueira ◽  
Cristina Gaspar ◽  
José Tiago Carvalho ◽  
Joana Loureiro ◽  
Elvira Fortunato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Uv Sensors ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Low-cost and large-scale production techniques for flexible electronics have evolved greatly in recent years, having great impact in applications such as wearable technology and the internet of things. In this work, we demonstrate fully screen-printed UV photodetectors, successfully fabricated at a low temperature on a cork substrate, using as the active layer a mixture of zinc oxide nanoparticles and ethylcellulose. The photoresponse under irradiation with a UV lamp with peak emission at 302 nm exhibited a quasi-quadratic behavior directly proportional to the applied voltage, with a photocurrent of about 5.5 and 20 μA when applying 1.5 V and 5 V, respectively. The dark current stayed below 150 nA, while the rise and falling times were, respectively, below 5 and 2 s for both applied voltages. The performance was stable over continuous operation and showed a degradation of only 9% after 100 bending cycles in a 45 mm radius test cylinder. These are promising results regarding the use of this type of sensor in wearable applications such as cork hats, bracelets, or bags.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Culture Medium for Bacteriocin Lac-B23 Production by Lactobacillus plantarum J23

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Jianming Zhang ◽  
Yushan Bu ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
Huaxi Yi ◽  
Daqun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mrs Broth

At present, De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth is the medium of choice for promoting bacteriocin production. However, this medium is expensive and not applicable for large-scale production. Therefore, a low-cost and high-efficiency culture medium for bacteriocin Lac-B23 production by Lactobacillus plantarum J23 was developed. First, the effects of the composition of MRS broth on bacteriocin Lac-B23 production and bacterial growth were researched by a one variable at a time approach. Then, a Plackett-Burman design was used to screen significant components for production. Finally, the steepest ascent and central composite designs were used to obtain an optimum medium. The final composition of the modified MRS was much simpler than MRS broth, and the modified MRS contained only glucose, yeast extract, dipotassium phosphate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, Tween 80 and sodium acetate anhydrous. The highest bacteriocin Lac-B23 production reached 2560 activity units (AU)/mL in the modified MRS, which is nine times higher than that in MRS broth (280 AU/mL). Meanwhile, the cost per liter of the modified MRS (8.56 Ren Min Bi (RMB)/L) is 34.70% the cost of MRS broth (13.11 RMB/L), and the cost per arbitrary units of bacteriocin Lac-B23 in the modified MRS is approximately fourteen times more convenient (3.34 RMB/106 AU) than in the MRS broth (46.82 RMB/106 AU).

scholarly journals Effects of Corn Steep Liquor on ß-poly(L-malic Acid) Production in Aureobasidium Melanogenum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genan Wang ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Bingyi Shi ◽  
Tingbin Zhao ◽  
Haisong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Aureobasidium Melanogenum

Abstract ß-poly(L-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble biopolymer used in medicine and other industries. However, the concentration of PMLA produced by microorganisms was too low for large-scale production. In this experiment, corn steep liquor (CSL) was selected due to its high nutritional value and low-cost growth factor to increase the production capacity of PMLA in the strain Aureobasidium melanogenum, and the strain’s CSL-influenced metabolic change was investigated. The PMLA production, cell growth, and yield (Yp/x) of A. melanogenum increased by 32.76%, 41.82%, and 47.43%, respectively, with the addition of 3 g/L CSL. Metabolomics analysis showed that the intracellular metabolites of A. melanogenum, such as amino acids, organic acids, and key intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased after the addition of CSL. Meanwhile, the data found that tyrosine may play a key role in the PMLA biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that the addition of CSL is an efficient approach for improving the production of PMLA.

scholarly journals Functionalization of hydrophobic nonwoven cotton fabric for oil and water repellency

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pran Krisna Saha ◽  
Rony Mia ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Taosif Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Hydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Remarkable Feature

AbstractHighly hydrophobic surfaces exhibit a remarkable feature in the repellency of oil and water. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs, and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aim is to fabricate hydrophobic nonwoven fabrics with low-cost and nontoxic materials. Despite various wettable materials, nonwoven cotton fabric material bearing hydrophobic surfaces has been received significant attention. This is mainly owing to its easy handling, high flexibility, environment friendly, low cost, biodegradability, high efficiency, and easily scalable fabrication. In this study, a simple chemical modification method using hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) with ethanol which is a better method in comparison with other methods since it is an inexpensive, simple method, and offers an easy adjustment of chemical composition required for a surface to show hydrophobic behaviors. The wetting behavior of cotton samples was investigated by water contact angle measurement. The best result comes from 2 ml HDTMS with 40 ml ethanol at 60 °C. The result shows that the treated cotton fabrics exhibited excellent chemical stability and outstanding non-wettability with the WCA of 126 ± 2°. It also shows that standard oil and water repellency, which offers an opportunity to accelerate the large-scale production of hydrophobic textile materials for new industrial applications. Graphic abstract

The Local Electronic Structure Modulation of molybdenum selenide-nitride Heterojunction for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanyong Jian ◽  
Wenting Hong ◽  
Qian Cai ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Molybdenum Selenide ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Local Electronic Structure ◽  
Structure Modulation ◽  
Current Densities

For the industrial implementation of electrochemical hydrogen production, the large-scale production of low-cost, high-efficiency, and stable electrocatalysts that work well at high current densities is critical in alkaline conditions. Here,...

scholarly journals Effects of Ag contents on the microstructure and SERS performance of self-grown Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 751-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Lian ◽  
Yuanjiang Lv ◽  
Haoliang Sun ◽  
David Hui ◽  
Guangxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Alloy Films ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Ag Film

AbstractAg nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films with different Ag contents were prepared on polyimide by magnetron sputtering. The effects of Ag contents on the microstructure of self-grown Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films were investigated using XRD, FESEM, EDS and TEM. The Ag content plays an important role in the size and number of uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles spontaneously formed on the Mo–Ag alloy film surface, and the morphology of the self-grown Ag nanoparticles has changed significantly. Additionally, it is worth noting that the Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films covered by a thin Ag film exhibits highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. The electric field distributions were calculated using finite-difference time-domain analysis to further prove that the SERS enhancement of the films is mainly determined by “hot spots” in the interparticle gap between Ag nanoparticles. The detection limit of the Ag film/Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy film for Rhodamine 6G probe molecules was 5 × 10−14 mol/L. Therefore, the novel type of the Ag film/Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy film can be used as an ideal SERS-active substrate for low-cost and large-scale production.

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Performance of Mechanically Mixed BixSb2-xTe3—ABS Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Zacharias Viskadourakis ◽  
Argiri Drymiskianaki ◽  
Vassilis M. Papadakis ◽  
Ioanna Ioannou ◽  
Theodora Kyratsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Thermoelectric Performance ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bismuth Antimony Telluride ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Bi Doping

In the current study, polymer-based composites, consisting of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Bismuth Antimony Telluride (BixSb2−xTe3), were produced using mechanical mixing and hot pressing. These composites were investigated regarding their electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient, with respect to Bi doping and BixSb2-xTe3 loading into the composite. Experimental results showed that their thermoelectric performance is comparable—or even superior, in some cases—to reported thermoelectric polymer composites that have been produced using other complex techniques. Consequently, mechanically mixed polymer-based thermoelectric materials could be an efficient method for low-cost and large-scale production of polymer composites for potential thermoelectric applications.

scholarly journals Efficient and large-area all vacuum-deposited perovskite light-emitting diodes via spatial confinement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Du ◽  
Jinghui Li ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Nonradiative Recombination ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Spatial Confinement ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Large Scale Production

AbstractWith rapid advances of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the large-scale fabrication of patterned PeLEDs towards display panels is of increasing importance. However, most state-of-the-art PeLEDs are fabricated by solution-processed techniques, which are difficult to simultaneously achieve high-resolution pixels and large-scale production. To this end, we construct efficient CsPbBr3 PeLEDs employing a vacuum deposition technique, which has been demonstrated as the most successful route for commercial organic LED displays. By carefully controlling the strength of the spatial confinement in CsPbBr3 film, its radiative recombination is greatly enhanced while the nonradiative recombination is suppressed. As a result, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of thermally evaporated PeLED reaches 8.0%, a record for vacuum processed PeLEDs. Benefitting from the excellent uniformity and scalability of the thermal evaporation, we demonstrate PeLED with a functional area up to 40.2 cm2 and a peak EQE of 7.1%, representing one of the most efficient large-area PeLEDs. We further achieve high-resolution patterned perovskite film with 100 μm pixels using fine metal masks, laying the foundation for potential display applications. We believe the strategy of confinement strength regulation in thermally evaporated perovskites provides an effective way to process high-efficiency and large-area PeLEDs towards commercial display panels.

scholarly journals Extensive Screening of Green Solvents for Safe and Sustainable UiO-66 Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Morelli Venturi ◽  
Filippo Campana ◽  
Fabio Marmottini ◽  
Ferdinando Costantino ◽  
Luigi Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Color Code ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic

<p>Zirconium based Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 is to date considered one of the benchmark compound among stable MOFs and it has attracted a huge attention for its employment in many strategic applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green chemistry principles and able to replace the use of <i>N,N</i>-Dimethyl-Formamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity, is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66 of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different solvents with different polarity, boiling point and acidity, used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals. The solvents were chosen according the European REACH Regulation 1907/2006 among those having low cost, low toxicity and fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the degree are the crystallinity, microporosity and specific surface area, yield and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis. Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators and the use of alternative Zr-salts have been also taken into consideration. Preliminary results lead to conclude that GVL (γ-valerolactone) is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF synthesis. </p>

scholarly journals Low-cost Large Scale Vermicompost Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2115 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Sonam Solanki ◽  
Gunendra Mahore
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract In the current process of producing vermicompost on a large-scale, the main challenge is to keep the worms alive. This is achieved by maintaining temperature and moisture in their living medium. It is a difficult task to maintain these parameters throughout the process. Currently, this is achieved by building infrastructure but this method requires a large initial investment and long-run maintenance. Also, these methods are limited to small-scale production. For large-scale production, a unit is developed which utilises natural airflow with water and automation. The main aim of this unit is to provide favourable conditions to worms in large-scale production with very low investment and minimum maintenance in long term. The key innovation of this research is that the technology used in the unit should be practical and easy to adopt by small farmers. For long-term maintenance of the technology lesser number of parts are used.

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