Drywall Thermal Properties Exposed to High Temperatures and Fire Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Fire Barrier ◽  
In Fire

Drywall is a widespread fire barrier used in house and general building construction. Drywall partitions and ceiling membranes are possibly the most common fire resistant construction approach employed in an extensive range of building types. The utilization of drywall board as prime fire protection of light-flame wood or steel construction is ubiquitous. Drywall board based systems are among those now broadly used, as walls or ceilings and it is principally employed as lining material in light-weight construction, which is a competent and cost effective technique of providing flexible partitioning assemblies in commercial and residential buildings. The thickness of the drywall board lining and the configuration of the framing can be flexibly changed to meet specified fire performance requirements. The use of such systems is increasing every day and there demands to be more research on their properties and behaviour. This paper will presents the properties of drywall board which will includes the assemblies and standard fire tests and the thermal properties of drywall in general and includes suggested properties of drywall by different researchers. Drywall boards shrink and crack at high temperatures, and this leads to collapse of parts of the drywall boards in fire. Fall-off of gypsum in fire affects the fire resistance of the assembly considerably, and cannot be overlooked when evaluating the fire resistance of drywall assemblies

Fire Resistance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Axial Load Ratio and Slenderness Ratio

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
In Hwan Yeo ◽  
Bum Yean Cho ◽  
Jae Hong An ◽  
Byung Youl Min
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Resistance Performance

Since the column members in buildings deal with both vertical and horizontal loads, appropriated amount of load should be estimated in order to evaluate the fire resistance performance of the columns under loaded condition. However, according to the ISO 834, the international standard for the evaluation of structural members, the fire resistance performance evaluation of column members is only based on the displacement and displacement rate under loaded condition in a standard fire. The purpose of this study is to suggest appropriate axial load ratios for the evaluation of fire resistance performance. The test conducted in this study produced appropriate axial load ratios for different slenderness ratios. They are expected to contribute to more accurate estimation of fire resistance performance and more efficient and cost-effective structural design.

scholarly journals FIRE RESPONSES AND RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL TUBULAR FRAME STRUCTURES

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN YU ◽  
XIAOXIONG ZHA ◽  
JIANQIAO YE ◽  
YI Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Cfst Columns ◽  
In Fire

This paper presents the results of dynamic responses and fire resistance of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) frame structures in fire conditions by using the nonlinear finite element method. Both strength and stability criteria are considered in the collapse analysis. The frame structures are constructed with circular CFST columns and steel beams of I-sections. In order to validate the finite element solutions, the numerical results are compared with those from a fire resistance test on CFST columns. The finite element model is then adopted to simulate the behavior of frame structures in fire. The structural responses of the frames, including the critical temperature and fire-resisting limit time, are obtained for the ISO-834 standard fire. Parametric studies are carried out to show their influence on the load capacity of the frame structures in fire. Suggestions and recommendations are presented for possible adoption in future construction and design of similar structures.

scholarly journals Analytical study on lateral torsional buckling of partially encased beams under ISO834 fire exposure

Fire Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Ramos-Gavilán ◽  
Paulo Piloto ◽  
Luís Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Lateral Torsional Buckling ◽  
Torsional Buckling ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Resistance Moment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Simplified Calculation

European standard EN1994-1-2:2005 provides tabulated values and simplified calculation models for assessing fire resistance of composite beams, but does not consider the design checks against lateral torsional buckling under fire. This research presents an analytical method to calculate the buckling resistance moment of laterally unrestrained partially encased beams in fire conditions. The proposal applies a reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling in fire design condition to the moment resistance of the homogenised section at time t, determined by EN1994-1-2:2005. Two finite element models capable to simulate the thermal and mechanical behaviour of partially encased beams are also presented, including the validation against fire tests conducted by Piloto et al. Based on these models, a numerical analysis of partially encased beams with the same geometry and material properties as used in experimental tests is presented, evaluating different load levels when exposed to standard fire ISO834:1999. The numerical results of fire resistance according to standard EN1363- 1:2012 and the numerical ultimate time, when beams suffer instability, are used to validate the proposal, using experimental and analytical heating result according to EN1994-1-2:2005.

scholarly journals Elastomer Spacers in Fire Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Paweł Roszkowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Sędłak ◽  
Paweł Sulik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Combustible Material ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Resistance Performance ◽  
Fire Conditions

Abstract In the paper, fire resistance of linear joints seal made of elastomer spacers under standard fire conditions, and thermal degradation range of EPDM elastomeric spacers are investigated. The geometry of elastomer spacer joints is important not only for their load capacity under normal conditions - thickness, width, and cavity depth can also influence fire resistance performance. Linear joints of different thicknesses and widths have been tested. The fire insulation and fire integrity were verified for various arrangements. Relatively low thermal degradation rates have been measured, given that EPDM is a combustible material.

scholarly journals New fire retardant compositions for fire-resistant automatic curtains

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 11004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nikitina ◽  
Andrey Ustinov ◽  
Viktoria Kiseleva ◽  
Igor Babikov
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Swelling Coefficient ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Effective Contribution

The paper overviews the way by which intumescent fire retardant compositions act as fillers in fire-resistant automatic curtains. A several intumescent compositions, which form a heat-isolating charred layer when they are exposed to high temperatures, were produced and applied to the mineral-fabric basis of the curtain. Fire-protective properties of produced materials were assessed and compared with foreign specimens. Swelling coefficient and material’s fire durability were considered as operating parameters. The developed specimen which performed the best during fire tests was sent to accredited laboratory. It was proven, using standardized methods, that it’s fire resistance limit reaches 30 minutes. This proves an effective contribution of an intumescent compound and opens new ways of using them in fire curtains manufacturing.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on structural concrete masonry in fire: emphasis on the thermal behavior and residual strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Fagundes Leal ◽  
Rafael Henrique Dupim ◽  
Jorge Munaiar Neto ◽  
Márcio Roberto Silva Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
In Fire

abstract: This paper aims to analyze the thermal behavior and residual mechanical properties of concrete hollow-blocks structural masonry and its component materials in fire situation using experimental investigation. Compression tests were carried out on blocks, prisms and small walls at room temperature and after being exposed for 70 minutes to the ISO 834 Standard Fire. The test at high temperatures was run using a furnace powered by natural gas and instrumented with thermocouples to measure temperatures in the specimens. The influence of the initial concrete strength on masonry behavior was evaluated considering the use of blocks with different strengths at room temperature. In addition, exposure to fire was also investigated considering masonry elements with no coverings and submitted to two different fire exposure conditions: one or both sides. The results indicate a substantial loss in the masonry load capacity at high temperatures, especially in cases of fire exposure on both sides, where the residual compressive strength resulted, on average, between 20% and 27% for the blocks and approximately 14% for prisms and small walls. Its performance with fire heating up on only one face is much higher, with an average residual masonry strength equal to 46% compared to its strength at room temperature. The obtained results are also useful for evaluating masonry regarding the integrity and thermal insulation criteria, the latter achieved with little over 60 minutes of testing.

Comparison of Temperature Measurements in Fire Test Furnaces Using Aspirated Thermocouples

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Mammoser ◽  
Aldo Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Fire Experiments

There are numerous thermocouple types which are used to measure temperature in experimental fire environments including bare bead, plate, sheathed (grounded and ungrounded) and aspirated thermocouples (suction pyrometers). Furnaces used to test fire resistive construction, as specified in the Standards ANSI/UL 263, ASTM E119 and NFPA 251 employ sheathed, ungrounded thermocouples to measure gas temperatures, while room fire experiments, such as ASTM E603-01, employ bare bead and aspirated thermocouples to measure hot gas temperature layers. Shielded, aspirated thermocouples are quite inexpensive and easy to make, however, the suction needed to create velocities in excess of 10 m/s at the tip is quite a difficult challenge. A commonly used method to create suction includes multiple gas traps to cool and dehumidify the hot gas before passing through a pump rated for high temperatures. This method can be costly, time consuming to maintain and cannot operate for multiple hours at high temperature without damaging the pump. An investigation has been undertaken to determine a cost effective method to measure gas temperatures in fire test furnaces for long durations at high temperatures. A comparison of bear bead, plate and double shielded, aspirated thermocouples will be presented. A low cost, durable aspirated thermocouple will be shown to continuously endure temperatures in excess of 1040°C for multiple hours.

A Chemical Perspective to the Anti-Amyloid Action of Compounds and a Nanoparticle Based Assay for Screening Amyloid Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gour ◽  
Bharti Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Amyloid Fibers ◽  
Aromatic Stacking ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
The Brain

Aggregation of amyloid beeta 1-42 (Aβ<sub>42</sub>) peptide causes the formation of clustered deposits knows as amyloid plaques in the brain which leads to neuronal dysfunction and memory loss and associated with many neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Aβ<sub>42</sub> has core structural motif with phenylalanine at the 19 and 20 positions. The diphenylalanine (FF) residue plays a crucial role in the formation of amyloid fibers and serves as model peptide for studying Aβ<sub>42 </sub>aggregation. FF self-assembles to well-ordered tubular morphology via aromatic pi-pi stackings. Our studies, suggest that the aromatic rings present in the anti-amyloidogenic compounds may interact with the pi-pi stacking interactions present in the FF. Even the compounds which do not have aromatic rings, like cyclodextrin and cucurbituril show anti-amyloid property due to the binding of aromatic ring inside the guest cavity. Hence, our studies also suggest that compounds which may have a functional moiety capable of interacting with the aromatic stacking interactions might be tested for their anti-amyloidogenic properties. Further, in this manuscript, we have proposed two novel nanoparticle based assays for the rapid screening of amyloid inhibitors. In the first assay, interaction between biotin-tagged FF peptide and the streptavidin labelled gold nanoparticles (s-AuNPs) were used. In another assay, thiol-Au interactions were used to develop an assay for detection of amyloid inhibitors. It is envisaged that the proposed analytical method will provide a simple, facile and cost effective technique for the screening of amyloid inhibitors and may be of immense practical implications to find the therapeutic remedies for the diseases associated with the protein aggregation.

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