Front–End Design Of An Ultrasonic Tomography Measurement System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudabiyah Arshad Amari ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Jaysuman Pusppanathan
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
System Development ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Peak Detector ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Sensor Arrangement ◽  
Front End ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Kertas kerja ini menerangkan tentang perancangan bahagian permulaan di dalam sistem tomografi ultrasonik. Dalam kertas kerja ini, teknik perlaksanaan tomografi ultrasonik secara luaran iaitu tidak menggangu aliran dalaman paip diaplikasikan menggunakan 16 sensor gabungan pemancar dan penerima untuk mengesan fasa–fasa aliran di dalam paip. Fasa tersebut termasuk pepejal,gas dan cecair. Kebaikan menggunakan pengesan jenis gabungan berbanding pengesan berasingan dibincangkan di dalam kertas kerja ini. Cara penyusunan pengesan, teknik pengukuran dan penyediaan perkakasan juga dibincangkan. Butir–butir rekaan litar termasuk litar pemancar, penerima, dan litar pengesan puncak juga disertakan. Kertas kerja ini boleh membantu untuk pembinaan sistem tomografi ultrasonik yang lebih jauh. Kata kunci: Tomografi ultrasonic; aliran pelbagai fasa; ultrasonik This paper explains the front–end system design of an ultrasonic tomography. In this paper, the ultrasonic tomography techniques implements a non–invasive techniques which using 16 transceivers to investigate the multiphase flow of the pipelines. The flows include solid, gas and liquid phase in 100 mm pipelines. The advantages of using transceiver rather than separate transmitter receiver are discussed in this paper. The sensor arrangement, measurement techniques and hardware preparation are also discussed in this paper. The circuit design details, including the transmitter, receiver and peak detector are also presented and explained. This paper will be useful for the use of further ultrasonic tomography system development. Key words: Ultrasonic tomography; multiphase flow; non–invasive ultrasonic; transceivers; peak detector

A Novel Electrical Cpacitance Sensor Design For Dual Modality Tomography Multiphase Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
Fazlul Rahman Yunus ◽  
Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Fatin Aliah Phang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Dual Modality ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Imaging Result ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is one of process tomography technique which is developed rapidly in recent years. ECT is an imaging technique to obtain the internal permittivity distribution of a vessel or pipe by using capacitance electrodes sensor. This method has been integrated with ultrasonic tomography as multimodality system to perform multiphase flow measurement such as crude oil separation and oil process industry. In the present paper, a novel type of ECT sensor was developed using copper FR4 material. The electrode sensors can be flexibly bend or curve to fit the pipe surface for optimum measurement. Thus, every single sensor strip is designed to be functioned independently. Such system has lower sensing capability in the central of the sensing area which often contributes to poor imaging result. This problem can be overcome by combining the ECT with ultrasonic tomography to form a dual modality tomography system. By implementing the new ECT sensor, multiphase flow measurement image results can be achieved. The reconstructed image results are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Design Consideration for Front-End System in Ultrasonic Tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ◽  
Muhammad Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Fazlul Rahman Mohd Yunu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Front End ◽  
Hardware Development ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Further Development

The hardware development of the ultrasonic tomography comprises three main parts; the sensor unit, electronic measurement circuits combined with a data acquisition system and finally the display unit. The research done is focusing on the design considerations for the sensory unit which is also regarded as the front-end system. This part is an important concern for researchers in the field of ultrasonic, particularly for process tomography. Ultrasonic transducers are very sensitive piezo-mechanical component and as such its installation to complete the front-end system have to be properly configured. Many considerations and parameters that are well planned will promise significant impact on the sensor readings. Measurement errors can occur due to many aspects, thus this research aims to minimize such errors to be useful for further development in ultrasonic tomography system design.

scholarly journals Characterization of Rock Samples by A High-Resolution Multi-Technique Non-Invasive Approach

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Fais ◽  
Francesco Cuccuru ◽  
Giuseppe Casula ◽  
Maria Giovanna Bianchi ◽  
Paola Ligas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Pyroclastic Rock ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Three different non-invasive techniques, namely Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and ultrasonic tomography integrated with petrographic data, were applied to characterize two rock samples of a different nature: A pyroclastic rock and a carbonate rock. We started a computation of high-resolution 3D models of the two samples using the TLS technique supported by a digital SfM photogrammetry survey. The resulting radiometric information available, such as reflectivity maps, SfM photogrammetry textured models and patterns of geometrical residuals, were interpreted in order to detect and underline surface materials anomalies by a comparison of reflectance and natural colour anomalies. Starting from the 3D models from previous techniques, a 3D ultrasonic tomography on each rock sample was accurately planned and carried out in order to detect internal defects or sample heterogeneity. The integration of the above three geophysical non-invasive techniques with petrographical data—especially with the textural characteristics of such materials—represents a powerful method for the definition of the heterogeneity of the rocks at a different scale and for calibrating in situ measurements.

Review of non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement techniques for ophthalmology applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-892
Author(s):  
David Andrew Price ◽  
Andrzej Grzybowski ◽  
Jennifer Eikenberry ◽  
Ingrida Januleviciene ◽  
Alice Chandra Verticchio Vercellin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Transcranial Ultrasound ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Assessment and monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) are important in the management of traumatic brain injury and other cerebral pathologies. In the eye, ICP elevation and depression both correlate with optic neuropathies, the former because of papilledema and the latter related to glaucoma. While the relationship between ICP elevation and papilledema is well established, the relationship between low ICP and glaucoma is still poorly understood. So far, ICP monitoring is performed invasively, but this entails risks including infection, spurring the study of non-invasive alternatives. We review 11 methods of non-invasive estimation of ICP including correlation to optic nerve sheath diameter, intraocular pressure, ophthalmodynamometry and two-depth transcranial Doppler of the ophthalmic artery. While none of these methods can fully replace invasive techniques, certain measures show great potential for specific applications. Although only used in small studies to date, a MRI based method known as MR-ICP, appears to be the best non-invasive technique for estimating ICP, with two-depth transcranial ultrasound and ophthalmodynamometry showing potential as well.

scholarly journals Investigation of ITD Symmetry in Measured HRIRs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea F. Genovese ◽  
Jordan Juras ◽  
Chris Miller ◽  
Agnieszka Roginska
Keyword(s):  
Interaural Time Difference ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Sound ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
The Impact

The Interaural Time Difference is one of the primary localiza- tion cues for 3D sound. However, due to differences in head and ear anthropometry across the population, ITDs related to a sound source at a given location around the head will differ from sub- ject to subject. Furthermore, most individuals do not possess sym- metrical traits between the left and right pinnae. This fact may cause an angle-dependent ITD asymmetry between locations mir- rored across the left and right hemispheres. This paper describes an exploratory analysis performed on publicly available databases of individually measured HRIRs. The analysis was first performed separately for each dataset in order to explore the impact of dif- ferent formats and measurement techniques, and then on pooled sets of repositories, in order to obtain statistical information closer to the population values. Asymmetry in ITDs was found to be consistently more prominent in the rear-lateral angles (approxi- mately between 90° and 130° azimuth) across all databases inves- tigated, suggesting the presence of a sensitive region. A signifi- cant difference between the peak asymmetry values and the aver- age asymmetry across all angles was found on three out of four examined datasets. These results were further explored by pooling the datasets together, which revealed an asymmetry peak at 110° that also showed significance. Moreover, it was found that within the region of sensitivity the difference between specular ITDs ex- ceeds the just noticeable difference values for perceptual discrim- ination at all frequency bands. These findings validate the sta- tistical presence of ITD asymmetry in public datasets of individ- ual HRIRs and identify a significant, perceptually-relevant, region of increased asymmetry. Details of these results are of interest for HRIR modeling and personalization techniques, which should consider implementing compensation for asymmetric ITDs when aiming for perceptually accurate binaural displays. This work is part of a larger study aimed at binaural-audio personalization and user-characterization through non-invasive techniques.

Diagnostic Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening of β-thalassemia by Cell Free Fetal DNA and Fetal NRBC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafei ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi ◽  
Massoud Houshmand ◽  
Siavash Gerayeshnejad ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Background: Beta thalassemia is a common disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The most prenatal diagnostic methods are the invasive techniques that have the risk of miscarriage. Now the non-invasive methods will be gradually alternative for these invasive techniques. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of two non-invasive diagnostic methods for fetal thalassemia using cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) and nucleated RBC (NRBC) in one sampling community. Methods: 10 ml of blood was taken in two k3EDTA tube from 32 pregnant women (mean of gestational age = 11 weeks), who themselves and their husbands had minor thalassemia. One tube was used to enrich NRBC and other was used for cff-DNA extraction. NRBCs were isolated by MACS method and immunohistochemistry; the genome of stained cells was amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) procedure. These products were used as template in b-globin segments PCR. cff-DNA was extracted by THP method and 300 bp areas were recovered from the agarose gel as fetus DNA. These DNA were used as template in touch down PCR to amplify b-globin gen. The amplified b-globin segments were sequenced and the results compared with CVS resul. Results: The data showed that sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by NRBC were 100% and 92% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by cff-DNA were 100% and 84% respectively. Conclusion: These methods with high sensitivity can be used as screening test but due to their lower specificity than CVS, they cannot be used as diagnostic test.

Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Bingren Zhang ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing are few. Objective: We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions. Methods: Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques, i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses in different populations. Results: Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable, and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.

scholarly journals When SEM becomes a deceptive tool of analysis: the unexpected discovery of epidermal glands with stalked ducts on the ultimate legs of geophilomorph centipedes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sombke ◽  
Carsten H. G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Epidermal Glands ◽  
Intrinsic Musculature

Abstract Background The jointed appendage is a key novelty in arthropod evolution and arthropod legs are known to vary enormously in relation to function. Among centipedes, the ultimate legs always are distinctly different from locomotory legs, and different centipede taxa evolved different structural and functional modifications. In Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes), ultimate legs do not participate in locomotion and were interpret to serve a sensory function. They can be sexually dimorphic and in some species, male ultimate legs notably appear “hairy”. It can be assumed that the high abundance of sensilla indicates a pronounced sensory function. This study seeks for assessing the sensory diversity, however, documents the surprising and unique case of an extensive glandular epithelium in the ultimate legs of three phylogenetically distant species. Results The tightly aggregated epidermal glands with stalked ducts – mistakenly thought to be sensilla – were scrutinized using a multimodal microscopic approach comprising histology as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy in Haplophilus subterraneus. Hence, this is the first detailed account on centipede ultimate legs demonstrating an evolutionary transformation into a “secretory leg”. Additionally, we investigated sensory structures as well as anatomical features using microCT analysis. Contrary to its nomination as a tarsus, tarsus 1 possesses intrinsic musculature, which is an indication that this podomere might be a derivate of the tibia. Discussion The presence and identity of ultimate leg associated epidermal glands with stalked ducts is a new discovery for myriapods. A pronounced secretory as well as moderate sensory function in Haplophilus subterraneus can be concluded. The set of characters will improve future taxonomic studies, to test the hypotheses whether the presence of these specialized glands is a common feature in Geophilomorpha, and that tarsus 1 may be a derivate of the tibia. As the number of epidermal glands with stalked ducts is sexually dimorphic, their function might be connected to reproduction or a sex-specific defensive role. Our results, in particular the unexpected discovery of ‘glandular hairs’, may account for a striking example for how deceptive morphological descriptions of epidermal organs may be, if based on non-invasive techniques alone.

scholarly journals Continuous Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring via Contact Lenses: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
David Bamgboje ◽  
Iasonas Christoulakis ◽  
Ioannis Smanis ◽  
Gaurav Chavan ◽  
Rinkal Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Lacrimal Fluid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that must be carefully managed to prevent serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a crucial tool for managing diabetes and, at present, all relevant procedures are invasive while they only provide periodic measurements. The pain and measurement intermittency associated with invasive techniques resulted in the exploration of painless, continuous, and non-invasive techniques of glucose measurement that would facilitate intensive management. The focus of this review paper is the existing solutions for continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring via contact lenses (CLs) and to carry out a detailed, qualitative, and comparative analysis to inform prospective researchers on viable pathways. Direct glucose monitoring via CLs is contingent on the detection of biomarkers present in the lacrimal fluid. In this review, emphasis is given on two types of sensors: a graphene-AgNW hybrid sensor and an amperometric sensor. Both sensors can detect the presence of glucose in the lacrimal fluid by using the enzyme, glucose oxidase. Additionally, this review covers fabrication procedures for CL biosensors. Ever since Google published the first glucose monitoring embedded system on a CL, CL biosensors have been considered state-of-the-art in the medical device research and development industry. The CL not only has to have a sensory system, it must also have an embedded integrated circuit (IC) for readout and wireless communication. Moreover, to retain mobility and ease of use of the CLs used for continuous glucose monitoring, the power supply to the solid-state IC on such CLs must be wireless. Currently, there are four methods of powering CLs: utilizing solar energy, via a biofuel cell, or by inductive or radiofrequency (RF) power. Although, there are many limitations associated with each method, the limitations common to all, are safety restrictions and CL size limitations. Bearing this in mind, RF power has received most of the attention in reported literature, whereas solar power has received the least attention in the literature. CLs seem a very promising target for cutting edge biotechnological applications of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance.

scholarly journals Material characterisation of a painted beehive panel by advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in combination with hyperspectral imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Retko ◽  
Maša Kavčič ◽  
Lea Legan ◽  
Polonca Ropret ◽  
Bojana Rogelj Škafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Conservation Interventions

AbstractIn this study, a painted beehive panel from the collection of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum was examined with respect to its material composition with the aim to reveal the painting technique. Due to the state of degradation due to outdoor weathering (UV irradiation, rainfall, extreme temperature and humidity fluctuations), as well as past conservation interventions, the object represented a complex analytical challenge. We aimed for non-invasive techniques (FTIR in reflection mode, Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging in the range of 400–2500 nm); however, in order to explore paint layers, cross-sections were also analysed using Raman spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were also used on sample fragments. Various original materials were identified such as pigments and binders. The surface coating applied during conservation interventions was also characterised. Additionally, organic compounds were found (oxalate, carboxylate), representing transformation products. The potential use of Prussian blue as a background paint layer is discussed.

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